从高钴净化渣中回收有价金属的生产实践

内蒙古巴彦淖尔紫金公司湿法冶炼采用两段高温锑盐除钴工艺,文章介绍从两段均含钴的净化渣中采用"酸洗净化渣β萘酚除钴"工艺来回收净化渣中的有价金属的生产实践.该工艺实现了Zn、Cu、Co、Cd、Ni等金属的综合回收,并最终达到了Co、Cu、Cd、Ni分别开路处理,Zn留在溶液后返回湿法炼锌主系统的目的.     

从钴渣中综合回收有价金属的研究

西北铅锌冶炼厂锌系统湿法冶炼工艺采用反向锑盐法净化除去硫酸锌溶液中的杂质。文章研究了从二段净化渣产生的渣中回收钴和其它有价金属的工艺,钴渣采用稀硫酸选择浸出,从浸出液中分别回收钴、镉、镍、锌,从浸出渣中回收铜、铅,Cu、Pb、Co、Cd、Zn的总收率分别达到100％、100％、90．33％、96．80％和95．51％。     

湿法炼锌中β-萘酚除钴的工业应用

某公司湿法冶炼系统采用两段锑盐净化除杂工艺,所产出的两段净化渣均含Co,主要介绍了这种混合渣利用β-萘酚除Co回收混合渣中Co、Zn工艺,并得出了最佳工艺条件。     

用N_(235)萃取净化硫酸钴液中的镉

<正> 湿法炼锌过程黄药净化除钴产出的黄原酸钴渣,是我厂回收钴的原料。由于渣中含有大量的Zn、Cd、Cu、Mn、Fe等杂质,特别是大量镉的存在,用一般方法很难将其除净,影响产品钴的质量。为了净化除钴,我们采用N_(235)进行萃镉试验并应用于生产实践,证明用N_(235)萃取硫酸钴液中的Zn、Cd的分离效果良好,钴损失少。     

过硫酸钠氧化法从湿法炼锌净化钴渣中富集钴

在湿法炼锌过程中,钴被富集在锑盐净化钴渣中,净化钴渣浸出后,有价金属Co与Zn、Cd、Ni、Fe、Mn等一起进入溶液.向溶液中加入H202,使Fe2+氧化成Fe3+并水解沉淀除去,然后用Na2S208使Co2+氧化成Co3+,再用氢氧化钠溶液调整pH值在4.5～5.0之间,使溶液中的钴、铁、锰发生水解进入渣中.沉钴后液含Co≤5mg/l,沉钴渣经酸洗除杂后,钴的含量达到50％左右.     

湿法炼锌新药剂钴渣再利用除镍生产探析

巴紫在以本地产高杂质含量的锌精矿为主要冶炼原料后,电解液中杂质Ni含量经常波动,一度导致阴极板烧板。在进行了一系列探索试验后,巴紫最终采用新药剂钴渣对贫镉液进行除Ni,不但解决了Ni的富集超标问题,同时也有效降低了钴渣中锌金属的含量,提高了金属系统回收率。β萘酚除Co工艺对Co的选择性较强,对其余金属作用不大;新药剂除Co工艺除了除Co外,对于其他重金属杂质均可以一定程度除去,导致钴渣含锌较高,采用新药剂钴渣对贫镉液除Ni可以回收该渣中的部分锌,从而平衡控制整个系统杂质Ni的含量。     

钴渣的综合利用研究

对西北铅锌冶炼厂二段净化渣处理过程中产生的钴渣进行综合利用研究,通过酸浸、除铁、沉钴等工艺过程,成功分离了Zn、Co、Cd等有价金属,并制成了硫酸锌、碱式碳酸钴和海绵镉等产品,钴、锌、镉的总回收率分别达到了99 3%、77 0%、96 5%。     

从湿法炼锌钴渣中回收锌富集钴试验研究

研究了采用酸洗—硫化钠转化工艺从湿法炼锌钴渣中回收锌、富集钴。先通过酸洗回收钴渣中大部分可溶锌,然后用硫化钠将钴渣中的钴转化为硫化钴,同时实现除钴试剂再生。试验结果表明:最佳条件下,锌回收率为84.65%,钴渣中钴质量分数提高至6%以上,除钴试剂A再生率达47.53%;再生试剂可返回净化工序循环利用。该工艺流程简单,金属综合回收效果较好。     

锌湿法净化钴镍渣的综合回收

研究综合回收湿法炼锌净化钴镍渣中的有价金属。提出了处理钴镍渣的系统工艺,探讨了影响各工序的因素,并得出了最佳工艺条件,最终达到钴、镍和镉分别开路处理,锌留在净化后液返回湿法炼锌系统的目的。     

氨法制备低铁锌工艺研究

采用NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系浸出锌焙砂,经过锌粉两段净化,再电积出低铁金属锌。浸出时Fe、Ge、Si、As、Sb、Pb均进入浸出渣,而Zn、Cu、Cd等进入浸出液中。锌的平均浸出率90.8%,总回收率89.5%。得到的电锌产品中杂质元素Cu、Cd、Sb、As、Ni、Co、Pb和Fe含量≤0.0002%。     

Metal-induced modulation of nitric oxide production in vitro by murine macrophages: lead, nickel, and cobalt utilize different mechanisms

Macrophages (M phi) can be induced to produce nitric oxide (NO), which has been suggested to be important for macrophages to exercise various functions. We have previously reported that an environmental toxicant, lead (Pb), can significantly inhibit NO production by murine splenic M phis. Herein, eight additional metal ions, gold (Au), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), were assessed. In addition to Pb, Hg and Cd significantly suppressed NO production by cytokine (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-stimulated murine M phis. Au and Cu also were inhibitory, but less than Pb, Hg, and Cd. In contrast, Cr and Zn were not modulatory, and Ni and Co significantly enhanced NO production by cytokine-stimulated M phis. The enhancement by Ni and Co was inhibited by the arginine analog N-monomethylarginine. The metals showed different activating/inhibiting profiles when added to a cell-free (activated M phi lysate) NO-producing-system in which inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is already expressed. Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn moderately suppressed iNOS, which suggests that they may directly modify enzyme or cofactor activity. Cd, Hg, Mg, Ni, or Co did not produce any significant effect on NO production by the cell-free system. Inhibition of NO production by Pb-exposed M phis was not due to decreased expression of iNOS nor limited to its modest direct inhibition of iNOS; thus, other mechanism(s) must be accountable for the efficient Pb-induced inhibition of NO production by M phi. Ni or Co did induce a substantial increase of iNOS protein. Overall, these observations provide additional insight into the means by which metals via inhibition or enhancement of NO production may be pathogenic, by suppression of defense mechanisms or induction of hypersensitivity, respectively.     

The effect of ethylenediamine on the ion exchange behaviour of cobalt,nickel, copper,cadmium and zinc I. Equilibrium experiments

The ion exchange behaviour of Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Zn on a carboxylic acid type and a sulphonic acid type cation exchanger has been studied to determine whether selective recovery of these metals from complex solutions could be achieved. Batch equilibration tests carried out on each metal in its aquo-ionic form, using Na- and H-form cation exchangers, showed similar behaviour of the metals towards both resins.Increasing concentration of ethylenediamine gave rise to considerable affinity differences for the metals with the weak acid resin. Although the experimental results showed that the addition of ethylenediamine reduces the absolute amounts of metals taken up by the carboxylic resin in the Na-form, the pronounced differences in affinity result in an increased selectivity according to the order: Ni < Zn < Cd < Cu < Co.     

Heavy metal concentrations in two populations of crayfish

To monitor the environmental contamination of heavy metals in Tuskegee Lake (TL) and National Forest Creek (NFC), Tuskegee, Alabama, adult crayfish muscle and exoskeleton and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn. In both TL and NFC crayfish Cu and Zn were not different in muscle and exoskeleton; however, Pb and Cd were significantly different. The Pb in exoskeleton and the Cu and Zn in muscle and exoskeleton of TL crayfish were significantly higher than that of NFC crayfish; however, Cd and Ni were not different between tissues or crayfish sources. Levels of Hg and Co were not detectable.     

Glutaraldehyde, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and calcium in explanted bioprosthetic heart valves

Some heavy metals (Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were determined in water, sediments and some fish species (Cyprinion macrostomus and Garra rufa) from the Tigris River. Mo and V were not detected in water and Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were found low values. Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were found very high levels in the sediments. All the fish samples contain high concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn, while Co, Mo, Pb and V were not detected. The high concentrations of heavy metals may be directly related to the contamination of the Tigris River by Ergani Copper Plant and the geochemical structure of this region.     

Oral intake of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, manganese and zinc in the university student's diet

A duplicate diet meal study was carried out with a group of university students living in a hostel, in order to estimate the intake of Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb. Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Cd, Co and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a nitric acid wet digestion procedure. The estimated intake values from the contents of breakfast, lunch, dinner and drinks were compared with the values of the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) in the case of Cd and Pb, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Co, Fe and Zn and Estimated Safe and Adequate Dietetic Daily Intake (ESADDI) of Cu and Mn. Neither excessive intake of Pb and Cd nor deficiencies in Zn, Co, Fe, Mn or Ni were observed, but Cu intake was lower than the ESADDI.     

重金属加压浸出技术现状及展望

加压浸出作为一种高效的湿法冶金手段,迄今为止已在铜、锌、镍、钴等重金属行业,以及铀、钼、黄金和铂族等稀贵金属行业得到推广应用。总结了重有色金属铜、铅、锌、镍、钴行业和冶炼过程副产物加压浸出技术研究和工业化应用现状,包括复杂硫化铜矿、铜钴矿、硫化砷渣、黑铜泥、铜阳极泥、白烟尘和铜钴冶炼转炉渣加压浸出,复杂硫化锌矿、锌浸出渣、赤铁矿除铁、镓锗富集物、铜渣等加压浸出,硫化镍矿、红土镍矿、白合金、铜渣和钴冰铜加压浸出等。最后,对加压浸出技术在重有色金属行业未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

金川镍沉降渣的工艺矿物学

采用化学分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）等方法,研究了金川镍沉降渣的矿物组成、结构、嵌布特征、主要有价成分Fe、Ni、Cu、Co的分布等工艺矿物学性质.结果表明,金川镍沉降渣主要由铁镁橄榄石和玻璃质组成,并含少量的铜镍铁硫化物、辉铜矿、磁铁矿等;沉降渣的结构单一,微细粒的铜镍铁硫化物呈星散状无规律分散在硅酸盐基质中;铁主要存在于铁镁橄榄石内,镍和铜主要赋存在铜镍铁硫化物中,钴没有独立矿物存在,主要以类质同象形式赋存在其他矿物中.镍渣中有价成分的回收可考虑用深度还原法或湿法冶金工艺.      

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钴产品生产过程净化液中12种微量元素

钴产品生产过程CoCl₂净化液和Co(NO₃)₂净化液中含有大量钴离子,一般采用基体匹配原子吸收光谱法或萃取分离-分光光度法测定其中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、As、S等12种杂质元素。但是此类方法分析时间长、操作繁琐、费用高,而且只能进行单一元素测定。实验提出了采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钴产品生产过程净化液中以上目标元素,在优化的仪器工作条件下,使用内标法有效地克服了基体效应及仪器波动所产生的影响。各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.9999;方法检出限为0.00003~0.00026g/L。按照实验方法测定钴产品生产过程CoCl₂净化液和Co(NO₃)₂净化液两个体系中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、As、S,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.8%~8.9%,加标回收率为93%~107%。实验方法用于Co光谱分析标准样品中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Mg、Si、As的测定,测定值与认定值相一致。     

湿法冶金(包括Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni、Co等)除铁的几种主要方法

论述了湿法冶金除铁的几种主要方法,包括中和水解法、黄钾铁矶法与针铁矿法除铁的化学反应、热力学分析及技术条件等.     

某铅锌尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染特征及其来源分析

以某铅锌尾矿库周边土壤为研究对象,测定土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni重金属含量,采用地质统计分析掌握重金属含量空间分布,再利用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和地质累积指数评价重金属污染状况,并结合相关性分析和主成分分析探重金属来源。结果表明,土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni平均含量分别为10.4、1.54、132、653、62.8、73.8、1 392、31.6 mg/kg,越靠近尾矿库,Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg含量越高。内梅罗综合污染指数表明,研究区综合污染指数为11.2,为重污染,单因子污染指数和地质累积指数表明,研究区土壤Cd污染最严重,其次是As、Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg污染,Cr和Ni无污染。相关性分析和主成分分析表明,Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Zn之间存在显著正相关关系,主要受铅锌尾矿库长期堆存、转运及加工等人为活动影响,Cr、Ni主要来自土壤母质,Cu主要受矿业活动和农业活动共同影响。