"Mathematics made no contribution to the public weal": why Jean Fernel (1497-1558) became a physician

This paper offers a caution that emphasis upon the importance of mathematics in recent historiography is in danger of obscuring the historical fact that, for the most part, mathematics was not seen as important in the pre-modern period. The paper proceeds by following a single case study, and in so doing offers the first account of the mathematical writings of Jean Fernel (1497-1558), better known as a leading medical innovator of the 16th century. After establishing Fernel's early commitment to mathematics, and attempt to forge a career as a cosmographer, it goes on to explain his abandonment of mathematics for a career in medicine. The 'mathematization of the world picture' is usually explained in terms of the perceived usefulness of mathematics, but Fernel's case shows that for many pre-modern thinkers, mathematics was not regarded as a useful pursuit. The paper should serve as a reminder, therefore, that the take-up of mathematics by natural philosophers was by no means inevitable, but had to be carefully managed by early modern mathematical practitioners. The case of Fernel indicates that perhaps he was not the only would-be mathematical practitioner to abandon mathematics in favor of a calling that was more appreciated by contemporaries.     

Offene Fragen in der Historiographie der Mathematik

Starting from the thesis that the history of mathematics, for saving its duration and support as a scientific discipline, has to look for the needs and problems of contemporary mathematics, six main problems of contemporary mathematics are listed (concerning partly its social state) and subsequently, 16 questions about the history of mathematics. Moreover, some analogues between the work-sharing of the historians of mathematics and that of the scientists are stated.     

基于现代教育观念下数学课堂教学设计的探讨

随着现代教学环境的不同,数学教学在方式、方法上有着极大的灵活性与创造性,文章以现代认知理论为指导,结合数学学科的特点和实践经验,讨论数学课堂教学模式的变化,教学改革方向和课堂教学设计的一些基本原则.     

Adventure Engineering: A Design Centered,Inquiry Based Approach to Middle Grade Science and Mathematics Education

Adventure Engineering (AE) is a middle grade science and mathematics outreach initiative that entails the development and implementation of single day to four‐week adventure‐driven, engineering‐based curricula for grade 5 through 9 science and/or mathematics classes. The curricula is inquiry‐based and open‐ended; activities are designed to facilitate the learning and application of concepts identified in national mathematics and science standards, and to immerse students in the engineering design experience. This paper reports the findings from the development and implementation of AE curricula in six different middle grade subjects in urban and suburban schools. Rigorous assessment revealed that the AE curricula have successfully improved mathematics and science content knowledge. Student attitudes towards mathematics and science, and in limited cases engineering, also improved. This paper also presents the results of a survey of urban and suburban student attitudes towards mathematics, science and engineering.     

关于薄膜气调包装数学模型的探讨

根据质量守恒定律和果蔬呆后呼吸生理，推导出薄膜气调包装（MAP）的数学模型。与现行采用的数学模型进行了比较、分析，结果表明，MAP方式下，N2的渗透作用对包装袋内气体浓度的影响是不可忽视的。当包装袋内外存在N2渗透时，现行的MAP数学悸型存在较大的误差。     

Publication practices in various sciences

From a study of Papers published in 1990 in major journals in eight sciences (astrophysics, biology, chemistry, geophysics, mathematics, physics, psychiatry, and radiology) we learn the following. The median numbers of authors per paper range from 1.0 (in mathematics) to 3.7 (in the medical fields). Only a few percent (0–5%) of the papers have more than eight authors. Nearly half (30–55%) of the papers in American journals are partly or totally from abroad, except in the medicinal fields (10%). The fractions of papers with authors from two or more countries are as high as 26% (in astrophysics and geophysics). Mean paper lengths range from 4.6 1000-word pages in the medical fields to 8–13 pages in the observational sciences (astrophysics, biology, geophysics) and mathematics. The fraction of papers revised range from 8% in mathematics to 100% in geophysics. The mean publication times (submission to publication) range from 200 days in physics to 600 days in mathematics.     

将数学建模融入高等数学教学提高学生的创新能力

本文结合作者在高等数学教学改革中的经验体会,对数学建模在数学中的地位和作用以及在高等数学教学中渗透数学建模的途径做了探讨。     

论理工科院校数学基础课程的创造性思维与研究性学习

文章探讨了创造性思维与数学研究性学习的各自的内涵和特性,阐述了创造性思维与数学研究性学习的内在联系,进而阐述了创造性思维和研究性学习过程对理工科院校数学基础课程的意义和影响.     

Pluralism in mathematics

We defend pluralism in mathematics, and in particular Errett Bishop's constructive approach to mathematics, on pragmatic grounds, avoiding the philosophical issues which have dissuaded many mathematicians from taking it seriously. We also explain the computational value of interval arithmetic.     

Engineering mathematics: the crisis continues

This article raises the main points of discussion relevant to the gradual dilution and weakening of university mathematics as an integral part of the engineering degree, and attempts to present an assessment of the situation in the light of persistent problems facing engineering mathematics and its changing nature     

Teaching Mathematics from an Applications Perspective

It is a widespread opinion among engineering faculty that undergraduates could be better prepared in mathematics when taking courses in their professional field of study. The lack of preparation in applying mathematical concepts may be due to the fact that examples from engineering disciplines are not widely used in mathematics courses. Most mathematics departments act as service departments to students majoring in various fields in addition to providing their own degree programs. As a result, it is not economically justifiable for them to custom tailor courses for customers from different disciplines. On the other hand, engineering has a distinct requirement of creatively applying mathematical concepts and principles to engineering problems studied in various courses. Some of the issues that must be addressed to ensure adequate preparation in the application of mathematics include: the mathematical competencies needed in engineering courses; which mathematics courses should cover such competencies; and what examples and problems related to students' major field should be developed and taught in these courses to enhance understanding and application of these concepts. The goal of this paper is not to resolve these issues, but rather to develop a conceptual framework for determining the answers using the Quality Function Deployment approach.     

系列化的理论和设计研究（下）

系列化的理论关系主要包括系列化的概念、分类、数学模型、设计方法、经济性分析方法等内容。本文论述了系列化的概念和关系模型,给出了系列化较全面的分类关系,分别研究给出感觉系列、组数系列、等差系列、模数系列、等比系列、指数系列的数学模型,并深入讨论了各种系列的数学关系,研究了系列化的设计方法,分析了系列化的经济关系。本文将为系列化的科学应用提供有益指导。     

系列化的理论和设计研究（上）

系列化的理论关系主要包括系列化的概念、分类、数学模型、设计方法、经济性分析方法等内容。本文论述了系列化的概念和关系模型。给出了系列化较全面的分类关系,分别研究给出感觉系列、组数系列、等差系列、模数系列、等比系列、指数系列的数学模型,并深入讨论了各种系列的数学关系,研究了系列化的设计方法,分析了系列化的经济关系。     

系列化的理论和设计研究（中）

系列化的理论关系主要包括系列化的概念、分类、数学模型、设计方法、经济性分析方法等内容。本文论述了系列化的概念和关系模型,给出了系列化较全面的分类关系,分别研究给出感觉系列、组数系列、等差系列、模数系列、等比系列、指数系列的数学模型,并深入讨论了各种系列的数学关系,研究了系列化的设计方法,分析了系列化的经济关系。本文将为系列化的科学应用提供有益指导。     

Highly complex proofs and implications of such proofs

Conventional wisdom says the ideal proof should be short, simple, and elegant. However there are now examples of very long, complicated proofs, and as mathematics continues to mature, more examples are likely to appear. Such proofs raise various issues. For example it is impossible to write out a very long and complicated argument without error, so is such a 'proof' really a proof? What conditions make complex proofs necessary, possible, and of interest? Is the mathematics involved in dealing with information rich problems qualitatively different from more traditional mathematics?     

小议建立管理模型——从设备最优布置谈起

通过对设备最优布置方法的探索，说明在管理工程中应用数学的出发点应该是实际效果，而不是数学上的理由。另外，对前人给出的先进的管理方法，也要不断探索，不断创新。     

应用未确知数学对气体流量测量数据进行处理

应用未确知数学方法，将气体流量测量数据视为未确知信息，用未确知有理数表示测量数据，克服了数理统计方法处理测量数据中存在的问题，使测量数据能保持完整性，真实而又准确地反映测量结果。     

Continuity and Discontinuity of Collaboration Behaviour since 1800 — from a Bibliometric Point of View

Time-series of collaboration trends indicated through co-authorships are examined from 1800 to presence in mathematics, logic, and physics. In physics, the share of co-authored papers expands in the second half of the19th century, in mathematics in the first decades of the 20th century, in logic in the second half of the 20th century. Subdisciplines of mathematics, of physics, and areas of logic show large differences in their respective propensities to collaborate. None of the existing explanatory approaches meets this heterogeneity; the most salient feature is a propensitiy to collaborate in fields where theoretical and applied research is combined. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于拓宽数学研究与应用范围的思考

通过分析数学发展的动力与趋势，阐述拓宽数学研究与应用范围，推动数学与其它学科交叉的必要性与重要性，提出实施“拓宽数学研究及应用范围，推动数学与其它学科交叉”的一些政策性思考。     

室内空气品质的若干问题探讨及模糊评判

概述了室内空气品质问题的起因,分析了室内空气品质的影响因素和改善措施,根据室内空气品质评价的不确定性和连续性;应用模糊数学理论对室内空气品质进行评判,并建立了数学模型进行分析.