编码孔径和解码孔径的设计

基于光学外差扫描全息术 3D成像的基本原理和编码孔径成像技术 ,设计了用于正在研制的“近红外扫描全息光学层析成像系统”中的编码孔径和解码孔径。当编码函数非负时 ,设计能取正负值的解码函数可以改善系统的点扩散函数 ,使其更接近于理想的二维 δ函数。在点扩散函数分布中的均匀或起伏较小的背景将降低重建图像的对比度。计算机模拟结果表明 ,采用对比度增强技术可以减少菲涅耳波带板和非冗余小孔阵列编码孔径重建图像的背景噪音 ,提高图像的对比度     

菲涅耳波带板无运动扫描全息术原理研究

基于菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术,提出了无运动卷积菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术.由于菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术经过二维电移台控制物体移动进行二维扫描,得到整个物体的扫描全息图,因此,它是通过物体的光强透过率函数与菲涅耳波带板的光强透过率函数的卷积得到物体的扫面全息图.这种方法的缺点是扫描时间长.无运动扫描全息术是根据几何光学的基本理论,无需物体的移动直接得到扫描全息图,大大缩短了扫描时间.     

软X射线显微成像

软X射线显微成像技术为研究生物显微结构开辟了一条新的途径,突破了光学显微镜和电子显微镜在应用上的某些限制。本文评述了软X射线接触显微镜、软X射线成像显微镜、软X射线扫描显微镜以及三维软X射线显微成像和X射线全息术,并介绍了中国科技大学在软X射线接触显微成像方法研究中所取得的成果。     

光学技术在细胞成像中的应用

本文对光学技术在细胞成像方面的应用进行了综述。着重介绍了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜、多光子荧光成像技术、全内反射荧光显微镜、近场扫描光学显微成像技术、光学相干层析成像技术的基本原理及其主要特点。体现了光学检测技术无侵入、无电离辐射,具有多种操作模式,可获得实时与定量等多种信息的特点,在生命科学研究中具有举足轻重的地位。     

凸面光栅成像光谱仪的研制与应用

考虑传统光栅成像光谱仪受光学畸变的限制难以同时实现大光学孔径和小型化要求,利用全息法设计并制作了凸面光栅,并以该凸面光栅作为核心元件研制了便携式成像光谱仪。该光谱仪以推扫方式进行目标扫描,获取成像光谱数据立方。仪器的光谱分辨率为2.4 nm,光谱谱线弯曲为0.1%,色畸变为0.6%,体积为209 mm×199 mm×110 mm。介绍了仪器的工作原理和结构设计,并进行了实验室检测和室外花卉实际光谱测量。测试结果表明:凸面光栅成像光谱仪的光谱分辨率为2.1 nm,光谱谱线弯曲为0.09%,色畸变为0.6%,均满足设计要求,实际花卉光谱测试亦取得了较为理想的结果。     

空间外差光谱技术的发展与应用

空间外差光谱技术是一种新型的可实现超光谱分辨的光谱分析技术.本文介绍了空间外差光谱仪的基本原理及其技术特点,详述了空间外差光谱技术的发展与应用,并展望了空间外差光谱技术的发展趋势.     

同轴数字全息术在大气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5测量中的应用

讨论了同轴数字全息术测量PM2.5大气可吸入颗粒物的可行性,并设计了一套针对PM2.5颗粒测量的同轴数字全息实验装置。在讨论同轴全息图的数字图像处理方法基础上,利用所设计的装置测量了与PM2.5颗粒粒径相当的标准粒子,对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。实验证明,同轴数字全息术可有效应用于PM2.5颗粒的测量与分析。     

扫描全息术中菲涅耳波带板的衍射问题分析

对扫描全息术中作为编码孔径的菲涅耳波带板的衍射问题进行了数值计算和实验观测。对波带板的菲涅耳衍射积分方程进行了数值求解,在计算时考虑了透镜的位相调制作用;为了使分析问题直观、数值计算简化,通过对比有透镜时波带板的衍射强度分布,求解出无透镜时具有相同分布的等效距离,同时引入了菲涅耳虚衍射面的概念;为了定量描述波带板的衍射效应,定义了临界衍射距离;为了验证数值计算的正确性,在实验中观测并记录了透镜焦距、波带板环数和半径对临界衍射距离的影响;对发散球面波入射时临界衍射距离的变化也进行了讨论。数值计算和实验观测结果对波带板扫描全息成像系统中编码孔径的结构设计、成像物体与透镜的距离以及透镜焦距的选取具有指导意义。     

眼底OCT成像系统的研制

光学相干层析（OCT）成像技术是一种高分辨率生物成像手段,能非侵入、无接触地对活体内部的结构与生理功能进行检测。在生物医学领域,OCT主要还是应用在眼科学,主要是因为近红外光很容易穿透人体眼睛介质。本文利用中心波长为854nm的宽带弱相干光源SLD实现了光学相干层析成像系统在眼科中的应用。系统采用傅里叶域光学快扫描延迟线实现了快速扫描成像,成像深度为3mm。我们自行设计了一种用于眼底信号探测的眼科探头,包括：眼底OCT成像光路;眼底照明光路;眼底照相光路,获得了眼底黄斑和眼底视神经乳头的眼底照片以及OCT图像。     

利用激光全息技术校正大口径光学成像系统像差

基于光学全息原理,分析了激光全息技术校正光学成像系统像差的机理和方法,建立了全息记录实验系统,用于校正口径500 mm、低质量球面反射镜光学系统对有限远物体成像时的像差。采用原光路再现的方法,通过比较像差校正前后的干涉图样和成像结果,验证了该校正方法的可行性。实验结果表明,校正后该系统剩余波像差约为λ/8。     

Depth discrimination in scanned heterodyne microscope systems

The optical transfer function of several scanning microscope systems is derived, using a physically intuitive approach. The technique allows a wide range of systems to be modelled with only minor modifications to the basic formulation. The results are then used to determine the response of various scanning microscopes for objects both in and out of the focal plane. The possibility of performing extended-focus phase imaging in heterodyne microscopes by scanning the sample along the optical axis is also examined. This mode of operation should allow measurements of minute topographical and phase variations on tilted or warped samples with the same lateral resolution as would be obtained when the sample is in focus throughout the entire scan.     

Image formation in scanned heterodyne microscope systems

Several new scanning microscopic techniques have recently been developed which rely on modulation of the optical beam to enhance the imaging performance. These systems have the common feature that the image is formed by detection or demodulation of an a.c. signal. Techniques have been developed which are sensitive to both intensity and phase information in the sample. We refer to such microscopes as heterodyne imaging systems (and by analogy single-frequency microscopes, operating at d.c. only, are referred to as homodyne) although as we will point out this term is only strictly applicable to the interferometric-based methods. Although the theory for the conventional homodyne scanning optical microscope is well developed there has been no systematic study of heterodyne microscopic techniques, which is the purpose of this paper. Several techniques are discussed and compared and the different ways of extracting amplitude and phase information are considered in detail with reference to experimental systems which have been demonstrated to have good imaging performance.     

Non‐invasive,label‐free cell counting and quantitative analysis of adherent cells using digital holography

Manual cell counting is time consuming and requires a high degree of skill on behalf of the person performing the count. Here we use a technique that utilizes digital holography, allowing label‐free and completely non‐invasive cell counting directly in cell culture vessels with adherent viable cells. The images produced can provide both quantitative and qualitative phase information from a single hologram. The recently constructed microscope Holomonitor™ (Phase Holographic Imaging AB, Lund, Sweden) combines the commonly used phase contrast microscope with digital holography, the latter giving us the possibility of achieving quantitative information on cellular shape, area, confluence and optical thickness. This project aimed at determining the accuracy and repeatability of cell counting measurements using digital holography compared to the conventional manual cell counting method using a haemocytometer. The collected data were also used to determine cell size and cellular optical thickness. The results show that digital holography can be used for non‐invasive automatic cell counting as precisely as conventional manual cell counting     

线扫描准共焦荧光成像

为了克服目前生物芯片荧光检测方法中诸如系统结构复杂、检测速度慢、灵敏度低、成本高等缺点,提出了一种新型生物芯片荧光检测方法——线扫描准共焦荧光成像法,并搭建了初步原理性装置。用线扫描代替共聚焦中的点扫描,将二维扫描变为一维扫描,在保持高灵敏度的同时,增加了探测速度,简化了系统,降低了成本。为了验证方法的可行性,使用搭建的原理性装置对手工点样的低密度DNA生物芯片进行了荧光成像检测。实验结果显示,系统的空间分辨率18μm,在使用像素平均法降噪后,测量浓度为0.03μmol/l的探针溶液所得信噪比为5.5×102。这项技术综合了面成像检测方法的低成本、结构简单的优势和点共焦方法具有的高分辨率的优点,适合在实验室中对生物芯片进行检测研究。     

The tetrahedral tip as a probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy at 30 nm resolution

The tetrahedral tip is introduced as a new type of a probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Probe fabrication, its integration into a scheme of an inverted photon scanning tunnelling microscope and imaging at 30 nm resolution are shown. A purely optical signal is used for feedback control of the distance of the scanning tip to the sample, thus avoiding a convolution of the SNOM image with other simultaneous imaging modes such as force microscopy. The advantages of this probe seem to be a very high efficiency and its potential for SNOM at high lateral resolution below 30 nm.     

二维扫描共焦显微镜的研究

从光学系统、机械扫描、光电转换、数据采集、计算机控制、三维重建等几大方面详细地介绍了研制的二维扫描共焦显微镜 ,并对其应用前景进行了预测。     

微型牙齿三维测量技术与系统

为方便扫描牙齿等微小物体的三维形貌,设计了一套专门用于口腔内部直接测量的牙齿三维扫描系统,该系统利用数字光栅投影仪投射结构光,通过远心成像镜头将光栅图像缩小,经光纤传像束传输投射到待测微小物体上,同时采用电子内窥镜获取图像,最后重构出物体的三维形貌。实验证明,该系统切实可行,满足牙齿扫描的微型化、直接化、灵活性的需求,拓展了结构光微测量三维形貌的适用范围。     

Near-field fluorescence imaging and simultaneous observation of surface potentials

We present a new detection method to measure simultaneously surface potential and fluorescence intensity distributions using a combined scanning near-field optical microscope-atomic force microscope (SNOM-AFM). A surface potential image of phospholipid monolayers was obtained in non-contact mode using the SNOM-AFM with a thin-step etched optical fibre probe. For applying this technique, a phospholipid of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine labelled at the head with a nitrobenzoxadiazole group was used as a fluorescent and single component Langmuir–Blodgett film. It is well known that aggregation of the lipid molecules and their fluorescence intensities are very sensitive to its environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature. We demonstrated for the first time the near-field optical imaging and simultaneous observation of surface potentials with Maxwell stress microscopy.