活性白土在丁苯橡胶体系中的应用

透明白炭黑通常作为丁苯橡胶的补强剂,制成浅透明色的硫化胶鞋底。采用矿物白土经活化处理制成活性白土,其在丁苯硫化胶的色泽及物理力学性能已达到或超过透明白炭黑,降低了硫化胶鞋底的成本。     

Effect of organoclay reinforcement on the curing characteristics and technological properties of SBR sulphur vulcanizates

Styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites with different organoclay contents (up to 15 phr) were prepared by a melt compounding procedure, followed by a compression‐molding step in which the SBR matrix was sulfur crosslinked. The vulcanizates were characterized in respect to their curing, mechanical and viscoelastic properties, and thermal stability. The optimum cure time decreased with increasing organoclay content. This effect was attributed to the ammonium modifier present in the organoclay, which takes part in the curing reaction acting like an accelerator. The results of mechanical test on the vulcanizates showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical properties than unfilled SBR vulcanizate, indicating the nanoreinforcement effect of clay on the mechanical properties of SBR/organoclay nanocomposites. The addition of organoclay did not significantly change the glass transition temperature. However, the heights of tan δ value at the glass transition temperature for the nanocomposites are lower than that of the unfilled SBR. This suggests a strong interaction between the organoclay and the SBR matrix as the molecular relaxation of the latter is hampered. The temperature at which 50% degradation occurs (T₅₀) and the temperature when the degradation rate is maximum (DTG_max) showed an improvement in thermal stability, probably related to the uniform dispersion of organoclay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Compatibilization of SBR/NBR blends using chemically modified styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber Part 2. Effect of compatibilizer loading

The present work focuses on the compatibization of styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene rubber (NBR) blends with dichlorocarbene modified styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber (DCSBR) as a function of concentration of compatibilizer and composition of the blend. FTIR studies, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis reveal molecular level miscibility in the blends in the presence of compatibilizer. The formation of interfacial bonding is assessed by analysis of swelling behaviour, cure characteristics, stress–strain data and mechanical properties. These studies show that the compatibilizing action of DCSBR becomes more prominent as the proportion of NBR in the blend increases. The resistance of the vulcanizate towards thermal and oil ageing improved with compatibilization. The change in technological properties is correlated with the crosslink density of the blends assessed from swelling and stress–strain data. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Rubber seed oil: A multipurpose additive in NR and SBR compounds

Rubber seed oil was used as a multipurpose ingredient in natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The study shows that the oil, when substituted for conventional plasticiser, imparts excellent mechanical properties to NR and SBR vulcanizates. Further, it also improves aging resistance, reduces cure time, increases abrasion resistance and flex resistance, and reduces blooming. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 487–492, 1999     

偶联剂KH-792对淀粉/SBR复合材料结构和性能的影响

使用氨基硅烷偶联剂KH-792制备了淀粉／SBR复合材料，对比考察了2种工艺中KH-792的不同用量对材料硫化性能、力学性能和微观相态结构的影响。结果表明，KH-792应用工艺的不同使得其反应性发生变化。突出体现于材料硫化性能的差异，但2种应用工艺下KH-792能在一定程度上提高复合材料的力学性能：在工艺Ⅰ中．能有效提高复合材料的定伸应力；在工艺Ⅱ中，能够赋予复合材料更加优异的拉伸强度和撕裂强度。SEM显示．工艺Ⅱ中填料在橡胶基体中的分散更为精细，界面结合更好。     

高转化率配方乳聚丁苯橡胶聚合过程中间产物性能考察

采用中国石油吉林石化公司乳聚丁苯橡胶高转化率大生产配方,考察了实验室聚合反应釜聚合反应单体转化率随反应时间的变化,测定了生胶的结合苯乙烯含量、有机酸和皂含量、门尼粘度等性质,结果表明：反应10 h,转化率为70%左右时生胶的各项性质均达到标准GB/T 8655—2006中规定的优等品指标要求;当反应12 h,转化率达到75%时,生胶的结合苯乙烯含量和门尼粘度不符合要求。     

纳米氧化锌在NR/BR并用胶及SBR胶料中的应用

研究纳米氧化锌替代普通氧化锌在天然橡胶(NR)/顺丁橡胶(BR)并用胶以及丁苯橡胶(SBR)胶料中的应用。结果表明,纳米氧化锌减量10%代替普通氧化锌,NR/BR并用胶及SBR胶料的加工性能和物理性能基本不变,质量减小,成本降低。     

Mechanical properties of deproteinized natural rubber in comparison with synthetic cis‐1, 4 polyisoprene vulcanizates: Gum and black‐filled vulcanizates

Gum and black‐filled vulcanizates having various crosslink densities were prepared from 2 types of rubber, namely, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) and synthetic cis‐1, 4 polyisoprene vulcanizates (IR). Their mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion loss, and heat buildup resistance, at various crosslink densities as well as at similar optimum crosslink density were compared. For both gum and black‐filled systems, IR possessed a higher crosslink density than that of DPNR at a fixed curative content. Tensile and tear strength of all vulcanizates passed through a maximum with increasing crosslink density. For gum vulcanizates, tensile and tear strengths of DPNR and IR below the maximum were not much different. However, IR had a narrower tear strength peak relative to DPNR. At a comparable optimum crosslink density, DPNR exhibited higher tensile strength and crack growth resistance than IR. For black‐filled vulcanizates, tensile and tear strengths, and heat buildup resistance of DPNR and IR at a given crosslink density were similar. The results revealed that the properties of gum samples were more dependent upon crosslink density than the black‐filled ones because the reinforcement by carbon black overshadowed the intrinsic properties of the rubbers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1139–1144, 2005     

丁苯橡胶凝聚水中防老剂含量的测定及其对COD的影响

设计了不同防老剂配方量的丁苯橡胶凝聚水,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了环保型丁苯橡胶(SBR)1500E凝聚水中的防老剂烷基-芳基-对苯二胺复配物(EPPD)含量。配制不同质量浓度(ρ)的防老剂EPPD水溶液并检测其化学需氧量(COD),进而确定了的ρ-COD标准曲线,根据HPLC检测结果和ρ-COD标准曲线可得出凝聚水样品中防老剂对水体COD的贡献率。     

Rheological,mechanical and morphological properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on high impact polystyrene and styrene‐butadiene rubber

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization technique. The rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the dynamically vulcanized blends were investigated systematically. As determined by capillary rheometer, the apparent viscosity of the blends decreases as the shear rate increases, indicating obvious pseudoplastic behavior. At low shear rate, the apparent viscosity of these blends is considerably higher than that of neat HIPS and decreases with the increase of HIPS concentration. The increase of HIPS content in the dynamically vulcanized blends contributes to the increase of tensile strength and hardness properties, while elongation at break and tensile set at break reach a maximum at 30 and 50 wt % of the HIPS content, respectively. The etched surfaces of the HIPS/SBR TPVs were investigated using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, the morphological study reveals continuous HIPS phase and finely dispersed SBR elastomeric phase in the TPVs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Application of nano‐zinc oxide master batch in polybutadiene styrene rubber system

The properties of nano‐zinc oxide master batch filled butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) systems were researched in comparison with those of common zinc oxide and nano‐zinc oxide filled systems. First, the nano‐zinc oxide master batch was prepared and the cure characteristics of three different kinds of zinc oxide filled SBR composites were studied; second, the mechanical properties and wear resistance were compared; then, the improved mechanical properties were confirmed by dynamic mechanical properties and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the zinc oxide amount reducing mechanism was analyzed. Results show that nano‐zinc oxide master batch filled SBR system has better mechanical properties than those of nano‐zinc oxide and common zinc oxide filled systems, which is due to the improved dispersion by master batch mixing technology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 922–930, 2006     

酚醛树脂对淀粉/SBR复合材料结构和性能的影响

将自制的间苯二酚甲醛树脂（RF）用于改性淀粉糊，制备了原位改性的淀粉／SBR复合材料．考察了RF用量对复合材料微观结构及各项性能的影响。研究表明，添加少量（0．3份）RF可对复合材料的性能产生较明显的影响；随着RF用量的增加，复合材料的定伸应力、拉伸强度、撕裂强度进一步提高．且当用量在1．2份左右时．其综合增强效应可达到最佳效果。     

Evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties of rubber compositions based on SBR extended with safe oils

The extender oil usually employed in compositions of rubbers based on styrene and butadiene (SBR) 1712 is the distilled aromatic extract (DAE). In this work, this oil was substituted by oils with low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): treated residual aromatic extract (TRAE) and two naphthenic oils from different suppliers (HN1 and HN2). This substitution was performed in response to REACH Regulation (EC No. 1907/2006 European Parliament and the Council of December 18, 2006, Annex XVII), which state that the sum of individual PAHs should be below 10 mg/kg and the levels of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) should not exceed 1 mg/kg. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the structure of crude oils and respective SBR compositions. Thermal properties of the materials were evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical properties as tension tests, hardness, abrasion resistance, and resilience were also determined. The final results showed that it is possible to replace the extender oil DAE for any of the oils tested, specially the naphthenic HN1, without any loss of the properties evaluated in this study for the SBR compositions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Mechanical and flame‐retarding properties of styrene–butadiene rubber filled with nano‐CaCO3 as a filler and linseed oil as an extender

A nanosize CaCO₃ filler was synthesized by an in situ deposition technique, and its size was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. CaCO₃ was prepared in three different sizes (21, 15, and 9 nm). Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was filled with 2–10 wt % nano‐CaCO₃ with 2% linseed oil as an extender. Nano‐CaCO₃–SBR rubber composites were compounded on a two‐roll mill and molded on a compression‐molding machine. Properties such as the specific gravity, swelling index, hardness, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, modulus at 300% elongation, flame retardancy, and elongation at break were measured. Because of the reduction in the nanosize of CaCO₃, drastic improvements in the mechanical properties were found. The size of 9 nm showed the highest increase in the tensile strength (3.89 MPa) in comparison with commercial CaCO₃ and the two other sizes of nano‐CaCO₃ up to an 8 wt % loading in SBR. The elongation at break also increased up to 824% for the 9‐nm size in comparison with commercial CaCO₃ and the two other sizes of nano‐CaCO₃. Also, these results were compared with nano‐CaCO₃‐filled SBR without linseed oil as an extender. The modulus at 300% elongation, hardness, specific gravity, and flame‐retarding properties increased with a reduction in the nanosize with linseed oil as an extender, which helped with the uniform dispersion of nano‐CaCO₃ in the rubber matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2563–2571, 2005     

Properties of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber compounds containing acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber: The influence of the acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber type

Because silica has strong filler‐filler interactions and adsorbs polar materials, a silica‐filled rubber compound exhibits poor dispersion of the filler and poor cure characteristics in comparison with those of a carbon black‐filled rubber compound. Acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) improves filler dispersion in silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The influence of the NBR type on the properties of silica‐filled SBR compounds containing NBR was studied with NBRs of various acrylonitrile contents. The composition of the bound rubber was different from that of the compounded rubber. The NBR content of the bound rubber was higher than that of the compounded rubber; this became clearer for NBR with a higher acrylonitrile content. The Mooney scorch time and cure rate became faster as the acrylonitrile content in NBR increased. The modulus increased with an increase in the acrylonitrile content of NBR because the crosslink density increased. The experimental results could be explained by interactions of the nitrile group of NBR with silica. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 385–393, 2002     

丁苯乳液对钢纤维混凝土韧性和微观结构的影响

本文对比研究了丁苯乳液改性混凝土、钢纤维改性混凝土以及丁苯乳液增强钢纤维混凝土的力学性能和韧性.试验结果表明:丁苯乳液能改善新拌混凝土的工作性能;混凝土的抗压强度随着丁苯乳液掺量的增加而显著降低,但其抗折强度随着丁苯乳液的增加而提高;丁苯乳液与钢纤维复掺,混凝土具有更高的抗折强度、以及弯曲韧性.丁苯乳液在混凝土中交织成膜,提高了界面过渡区的显微硬度;增加了浆体的致密性,增强了钢纤维与混凝土之间的界面粘结强度.     

三种微生物脱硫废乳胶及其填充天然橡胶的力学性能比较

利用三种微生物鞘氨醇单胞菌、脂环酸芽孢杆菌和酵母菌对废乳胶(WLR)进行了脱硫再生,考察了脱硫过程中微生物的生长情况以及脱硫前后WLR溶胀和交联密度的变化,并将WLR和脱硫WLR(DWLR)以不同份数填充到天然橡胶(NR)中,对比了DWLR/NR硫化胶和WLR/NR硫化胶的力学性能和交联密度。结果表明,利用鞘氨醇单胞菌脱硫的WLR溶胀值较高,交联密度较低。随着乳胶用量的增加,填充NR硫化胶的拉伸强度和交联密度逐渐降低,扯断生长率逐渐增加。DWLR/NR硫化胶的力学性能明显优于WLR/NR硫化胶,且鞘氨醇单胞菌脱硫的DWLR/NR的力学性能明显优于其它两种微生物脱硫的DWLR/NR硫化胶。     

均匀沉淀结合微波制备纳米氧化锌

以醋酸锌和浓氨水为原料,采用均匀沉淀结合微波制备纳米氧化锌。通过XRD,SEM对样品进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化脱色降解为模型反应,考察分散剂及其用量、超声条件及微波热解时间对降解实验的影响。研究表明,以0.5%聚乙二醇20000为分散剂,超声处理10 min,微波热解15 min得到六方纤锌矿结构,直径20～50 nm、长度约为1μm的纳米棒状氧化锌粉体,该纳米材料在紫外光下具有高催化活性,照射2.5 h,可以使MB溶液的脱色率达99%以上。     

Effect of surface‐modified zinc oxide as cure activator on the properties of a rubber compound based on NR/SBR

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano‐zinc oxide (nZnO) were surface modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly propylene glycol (PPG). Modification of particles were controlled by transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer, Emmett, Teller specific surface area measurement, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. IR spectra were shown that the interactions between surface modifiers and particles are hydrogen bonding. Modified particles were applied as an activator in vulcanization of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blend. Dispersion of modified particles in rubber matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and shown good results. Blend properties were improved by using modified particles. These improvements were due to the better hydrophobicity of modified particles, which were more compatible with nonpolar rubber matrix and caused better participation in curing process. Modification by PEG and PPG were shown better compound properties for ZnO and nZnO, respectively. Application of ZnO‐modified particles were presented better compound properties in comparison with nZnO‐modified particles. It has confirmed more effective mixing of ZnO‐modified particles in rubber matrix by using ordinary mixers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Migration of antidegradants to the surface in NR and SBR vulcanizates

Migration-generating equipment using a vacuum technique was constructed to measure the migration properties of antidegradants to the surface in compounded rubber in a short time. With this equipment, the migration of antidegradants to the surface is accelerated by the fast evaporation of organic molecules on the surface facing the vacuum and the pressure difference applied between two surfaces of the rubber vulcanizate. The effects of initial concentration and temperature on the migration of antidegradants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT), N-phenyl-N-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), and N-phenyl-N′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (HPPD) were investigated with this equipment. The migration rate was found to be independent of the initial concentration of the antidegradants. BHT and IPPD migrate to the surface of an object faster than HPPD, which is due to molecular size. BHT migrates faster than IPPD at a low temperature of 40°C, while IPPD is faster than BHT at a high temperature of 60–100°C. Antidegradants in NR vulcanizates migrate faster than those in SBR ones. This is because interactions of antidegradants with SBR are stronger than those with NR. To explain the difference in rubber base, calculations with molecular mechanics and dynamics were tried, which gave the results that the interaction of IPPD with polystyrene is much stronger than those with cis-1,4-polyisoprene and cis-1,4-polybutadiene. Activation energies for migration to the surface of NR vulcanizate are 25.8, 30.7, and 38.6 kJ/mol, while those of SBR are 27.6, 36.5, and 51.7 kJ/mol for BHT, IPPD, and HPPD, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 117–125, 1997