A highly effective load adaptive servo drive system for speed control of travelling-wave ultrasonic motor

This paper presents a highly effective load adaptive drive system to control the speed of a travelling-wave ultrasonic motor. The motor driver was built based on the two-phase high-frequency inverter using the mechanical resonant frequency of the ultrasonic motor. To digitally control the drive system, a TMS320F243 digital signal processor was adapted to the driver. The developed system includes two feedback loops; speed control loop and feedback voltage-resonant frequency tracking loop. The driving frequency was used as a control input to control the motor. Direct pulse-width modulation (PWM) control was used to obtain the required driving frequency. The developed drive system was experimentally tested under several operating conditions. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the drive system for high performance drive applications.     

基于磁感应频率跟踪的逆变电源研究与设计

针对近距离高频磁感应能量传输系统中距离改变会使谐振频率发生变化,导致效率降低的问题,提出一种基于74HC4046AD锁相环的频率跟踪驱动方案,该方案可以实现谐振频率的自动跟踪,在proteus环境下对中心频率为100 kHz的逆变电源系统和锁相功能进行仿真。设计并制作基于频率跟踪的逆变电源样机,通过样机对输出情况进行跟踪反馈。仿真实验结果表明,该系统输出性能良好,验证了频率跟踪的有效性,实现了功率管的软开关工作模式。     

Power-efficient gate control of synchronous boost converters with high output voltage

A half output voltage swing gate driving scheme is presented for high voltage single chip DC/DC converters. In the proposed scheme the energy for the PMOS gate drive is reused for the NMOS gate drive, and switching loss is reduced. A high speed and area-efficient high voltage level shifter is also realised. A prototype is implemented using a 0.5 mum 40 V power BiCMOS process     

基于Si9979Cs的无刷直流电动机驱动电路设计

设计了一种实用的无刷直流电动机驱动电路。采用Vishay Siliconix公司的Si9979Cs无刷直流电动机控制芯片进行设计。为抑制系统噪声,提高控制系统稳定性,使用高速光耦HCPL-2630对控制信号进行隔离。电机三相霍尔信号通过上拉电阻直接送入Si9979Cs的逻辑电路,控制由Si9936DY组成的三相桥式电路换相,采用三相全桥驱动。实验表明,该电路在实际运行中稳定可靠,能正常驱动Maxon 283867型高速无刷直流电动机。     

On the Mode-Matched Control of MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope via Phase-Domain Analysis and Design

This paper investigates a novel method for the mode-matched control of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscope through a phase-domain analysis. Compared with the previous works, the proposed method presents a simple and robust automatic mode tuning scheme for sensitivity enhancement. In designing the mode-matched control loop, the resonant characteristics of the driving axis are used as the reference mode. Then, the phase difference between sense and drive modes at the resonant frequency of drive mode is used to generate a control signal for phase error regulation. For the control loop design, a linear phase-locked loop is adapted. Through the simulation using practical MEMS gyroscope parameters, the mode-matching performance and robustness of the designed control loop is demonstrated. It is also shown that coupling effect yields no degradation of output sensitivity. Finally, the experimental results obtained by implementing the electronics of mode-matched control verify the feasibility of the proposed method.      

Switching-behavior improvement of insulated gate-controlled devices

MOSFETs and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices are increasingly used in electronic circuits due to both their easy driving and ability to handle high currents and voltages at high-switching frequencies. This paper deals with a new driver technique that allows optimization of the switching speed, reduction of the energy losses during the switching time, and limitation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI). First, an analysis of voltage- and current-switching waveforms of gate-insulated devices is performed. Then, a method of controlling voltage and current slopes independently is shown using the “one-cycle” method or a suitable adaptive-driving technique based on a phase-locked loop (PLL) approach. These techniques were adopted in order to allow correct generation of the gate signals regardless of the operating conditions. Finally, practical results of the proposed driving circuit obtained using a single IGBT switch chopper are presented     

Waveguide-type optical passive ring-resonator gyro using time-division detection scheme

An optical passive ring-resonator gyro is demonstrated using a waveguide ring-resonator and a conventional distributed feedback laser diode. A novel detection technique for the Sagnac effect based on a time-division switching scheme is also proposed.<>     

Sensor-based fuzzy reactive navigation of a mobile robot throughlocal target switching

Fuzzy reactive control, incorporating a local target switching scheme, is applied to the automatic navigation of an intelligent mobile robot in an unknown and changing environment. Sensed-ranging signals and relative target position signals are input to the fuzzy controller. The steering angle and the velocity change are inferred to drive the mobile robot. A reactive rule base governing the robot behavior is synthesized from the human heuristics with respect to various situations of environment. A local target switching scheme is proposed to serve as a front-end processor of the fuzzy active controller and to deal with the local trapping and wandering cycle problem in the navigation of a behavior based mobile robot. The algorithm is described, together with some particular considerations about implementation. Efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified through simulation and experiments conducted on a Nomad 200 mobile robot     

Mechanical sensorless speed control of permanent-magnet AC motors driving an unknown load

A new sensorless scheme for high-performance speed control of permanent-magnet ac motors (PMACMs) driving an unknown load is proposed. This scheme uses an extended nonlinear reduced-order observer to estimate the induced electromotive force (EMF) and load torque. From the estimated variables, the rotor position, the rotor speed, and the position derivative of flux are calculated and are used to close the control loop. In order to improve the drive performance, the estimated load torque is incorporated as a feedforward signal in the closed control loop. In addition, the proposed sensorless PMACM drive allows the torque-ripple and copper-loss minimization for motors with an arbitrary EMF waveform. Simulation and experimental results to validate the proposal are presented in this paper.     

Implementation of LLCC-resonant driving circuit and adaptive CMAC neural network control for linear piezoelectric ceramic motor

In this paper, an adaptive cerebellar-model articulation computer (CMAC) neural network (NN) control system is developed for a linear piezoelectric ceramic motor (LPCM) that is driven by an LLCC-resonant inverter. The motor structure and LLCC-resonant driving circuit of an LPCM are introduced initially. The LLCC-resonant driving circuit is designed to operate at an optimal switching frequency such that the output voltage will not be influenced by the variation of quality factor. Since the dynamic characteristics and motor parameters of the LPCM are highly nonlinear and time varying, an adaptive CMAC NN control system is designed without mathematical dynamic model to control the position of the moving table of the LPCM drive system to achieve high-precision position control with robustness. In the proposed control scheme, the dynamic backpropagation algorithm is adopted to train the CMAC NN online. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of output tracking error for periodic commands tracking, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are utilized to determine the optimal learning-rate parameters of the CMAC NN. The effectiveness of the proposed driving circuit and control system is verified by experimental results in the presence of uncertainties, and the advantages of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with a traditional integral-proportional position control system. Accurate tracking response and superior dynamic performance can be obtained due to the powerful online learning capability of the CMAC NN with optimal learning-rate parameters.     

Processor call carrying capacity estimation for stored program control switching systems

The call processing capacity of a stored program control switching system central processor is defined as the maximum number of calls which can be processed in some fixed interval of time while the processor is meeting all service criteria. The capacity of the processor is seen as a component capacity and thus assumes all other switching machine engineered items are adequately provided so that the processor can reach its maximum capacity. This paper discusses a scheme to categorize the various types of work performed by the processor. Using this scheme, various scheduling strategies are discussed, and their implications in the face of traffic are analyzed. The framework is then used to discuss call capacity estimation for stored program control system processors using examples of certain Bell System electronic switching systems. Practical problems related to the use of these call processing capacity estimation methods are discussed.     

基于SOPC的高分辨率显示控制器的设计与实现

针对传统嵌入式系统中处理器主频不是很高时,处理器自带的显示控制器难以驱动高分辨率的显示器的问题,提出一种基于SOPC的显示控制器的设计方案。通过在Xilinx公司Spartan-6系列FPGA的开发板上实验,在microblaze软核处理器实现对LCD显示器的驱动,验证了本设计的可行性。     

基于Buck电路的压电陶瓷脉冲驱动电源研究

为提升传统压电陶瓷驱动电源的效率与动态性能,以双N型金属 氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）降压拓扑为基础,设计了一种新颖的压电陶瓷脉冲驱动电源方案,并进行了理论分析与实验验证。电源系统中主电路对输入高压进行降压调节,采样网络实时地检测压电陶瓷的驱动电压与电流,通过闭环控制对输出电压进行调节。同时,为使压电陶瓷驱动电源具有良好的自动调节能力,引入了模糊比例 积分 微分(PID)控制算法,提高了驱动电源的动态性能。     

Digital control of an induction motor drive by a stochasticestimator and airgap magnetic flux feedback loop

An approach for the problem of airgap flux estimation in induction motors is presented. The Kalman filter algorithm is developed to provide an estimated state vector containing flux linkage components. The estimated fluxes are then used to implement a direct flux control loop through an inverter-fed AC drive scheme. The overall control system is developed around a digital unit based on a 16 bit microprocessor and a signal processor     

An ultrafast photonic ATM switch based on bit-interleavemultiplexing

An optical ATM switch is proposed in which cells from individual input channels are time-division multiplexed in a bit-interleave manner. This switch can easily handle multicast switching because it is based on a broadcast-and-select network. Compared to an alternative switch that uses a cell-interleave time-division multiplexing scheme, the proposed optical switch has a much simpler structure. It does not need a cell compressor at each input and a cell expander at each output, which greatly reduces hardware complexity. Feasibility analyzes showed that a 64×64 photonic ATM switch with 2.5 Gb/s input/output is possible using the proposed technology. In an experimental demonstration, 4 b cells were selected from a 55 Gb/s bit-interleave multiplexed cell stream by using a new nonlinear optical fiber switch. With its high switch throughput, our switch is a strong candidate for future large-capacity optical switching nodes     

A high-performance ZVS full-bridge DC-DC 0-50-V/0-10-A power supplywith phase-shift control

This paper presents a high-performance DC-DC switching mode power supply designed to deliver a regulated 0-50 V/0-10 A output. The proposed power supply is based on a modified version of the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) full-bridge (FB) phase-shift DC-DC converter, which incorporates commutation auxiliary inductors to provide ZVS for the entire load range as well as a commutation aid circuit to clamp the output diode voltage. The control strategy is based on two control loops operating in cascade mode. The inner loop maintains a regulated output current, whereas the external voltage loop regulates the output voltage, independently of load and input-voltage changes. In order to obtain a high-reliability converter, the control circuit has been implemented using just two integrated circuits (ICs). The phase-shift regulator UC3875 IC generates the gate drive signal to the MOSFET's. The control loop regulators are implemented using the TL074 IC. A theoretical analysis was conducted, and experimental results were obtained for a 0-50 V/0-10 A power supply operating at 100 kHz     

A novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fedinduction motor drive

A novel vector control scheme for a transistor pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-inverter-fed induction motor drive is presented. The system is based on a current control loop that consists of two independent nonlinear controllers that regulate the DC (field-oriented) components of the stator current vector. Three-level hysteresis comparators are used as current controllers. The outputs of the comparators select the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors via a switching erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) table. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. Simulation and experimental results that illustrate the operation of the proposed system and performance in comparison with the other known schemes based on two-level hysteresis comparators are presented     

一种大功率低噪声的智能可调LED驱动设计方法

针对大型LED显示屏驱动中恒流源功率较小、调光不便捷,其开关特性导致的噪声大的问题,提出一种体积小,适用功率大且纹波效果较好的智能优化式恒流LED驱动设计方法。该设计在以往低电流的基础上进行改进,通过运放反馈调节将输出电流的开关特性转换为线性,辅以通断RCD回路(峰值吸收回路)和构建优化式大电流环式PCB布局,能进行光源检测的电流转脉宽式精准调光,输出能够较完善地抑制开关噪声。该设计方法能实现上位机网络远程数字调光,内、外部模拟调光,多路板载级联的智能控制。实验表明:该恒流驱动输出电流可达10A,功率可达370W,输出电流误差小于1%,驱动光源光功率稳定,光照分布均匀,具有较好的纹波效果,稳定可靠。     

Strategy for enhancing reliability and lifetime of DC-AC inverters used for wind turbines

Lifetime of wind turbine inverters is below expectations therefore, novel design and drive strategies are timely required to achieve optimum life span.In this work, a novel driving strategy to mitigate stresses on inverters is proposed. First, an electro thermal analysis was carried out using finite element modelling methods. Subsequently, the outcomes of the models were validated using DC/AC IGBT based power inverter module interfaced to 1.1 kW electrical outputs of a horizontal wind turbine operated under different wind speeds. Real time data was collected using both dSPACE system and high speed thermal imaging camera. The proposed driving method is based on adjusting the switching frequency according to wind speed. Edge detection scheme was embedded in Simulink to determine temperature fluctuations caused by variations in wind speed profile. Effects of these fluctuations are mitigated by regulating the switching frequency and power losses based on a look up table and interpolation method. The proposed strategy of operation reduces cyclic temperature depended lifetime span (total lifetime consumption) to 1.45 × 10⁻⁵ cycles compared to 1.88 × 10⁻⁵ when operated under conventional fixed frequency. Wire-bond thermal stress was also reduced from 54.5 MPa, for the fixed switching frequency, to 45.5 MPa. This represents about 21% reduction in total lifetime consumption of inverter's wire-bond which, brings huge benefits to wind energy industry.     

Decoupled stator-flux-oriented induction motor drive with fuzzyneural network uncertainty observer

A stator-flux-oriented induction motor drive using online rotor time-constant estimation with a robust speed controller is introduced in this paper. The estimation of the rotor time constant is made on the basis of the model reference adaptive system using an energy function. The estimated rotor time-constant is used in the current-decoupled controller, which is designed to decouple the torque and flux in the stator-flux-field-oriented control. Moreover, a robust speed controller, which is comprised of an integral-proportional speed controller and a fuzzy neural network uncertainty observer, is designed to increase the robustness of the speed control loop. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results