储能用悬浮交错双向DC/DC变换器

本文提出将单向悬浮交错Boost变换器扩展到双向工作模式,得到可用于储能系统的悬浮交错双向DC/DC变换器FIBDC（floating interleaved bi-directional converter）。详细分析了该变换器在双向模式下的工作过程,推导出电压增益、功率器件承受的电压应力以及电流纹波表达式,采用共同占空比交错控制策略实现了工作电压稳定和内部子单元平衡。最后通过仿真和实验对该变换器的性能及控制策略进行验证。该变换器具有输入输出电流纹波小、电压增益高、开关管应力低以及可多相扩展等优点,适用于高压大功率场合。     

一种新型高效电动汽车双向DC-DC变换器

电动汽车与电网端的能量传递过程受到广泛研究。以电动汽车用CLLC式双向DC-DC变换器为基础,在电动汽车端增加了超级电容交错并联倍流储能放能回路,提出一种新型高效双向DC-DC变换器。对新型高效双向DC-DC变换器的正向和反向工作过程进行分析,研究了增益特性,提出了开关管实现零电压开关（ZVS）的条件,对开关管电应力进行分析。制作了800 W试验样机,样机测试结果验证了新型双向DC-DC变换器中开关管能实现ZVS,开关管峰值电流小,与传统双向DC-DC变换器相比,效率得到提升。     

带开关电容网络的交错并联磁集成电感Boost变换器

针对传统交错并联Boost变换器电压增益低、开关管电压应力高、电感电流纹波大等问题,提出一种新型交错并联Boost变换器。该变换器用2个开关电感单元分别代替储能电感L₁和L₂,并对开关电感进行耦合集成,在此基础上增加了1个二极管和2个电容构成开关电容网络。分析了变换器在不同占空比下的工作模态,推导了电压增益公式,分析了开关管电压应力和电感电流纹波的大小。与传统交错并联Boost变换器相比,该变换器性能得到明显提升,尤其在占空比D>0.5的情况下电压增益是传统交错并联Boost变换器的3（1+D）倍,开关管的电压应力减小了2/3,电感电流纹波也减小近一半。最后实验验证了理论分析的正确性。表明带开关电容网络的交错并联磁集成电感Boost变换器有着优良的工作性能。     

超级电容器储能直流变换器的设计

结合超级电容器端电压在储、释能过程中变化范围宽的特点,配置双向直流变换器作为接口电路,可实现充、放电功率的灵活调节,并提高其储能利用率。详细分析了双向直流变换器的拓扑结构及其功率电路的设计要点。为了充分发挥超级电容器响应速度快的优势,采用负载电流前馈实现了输入电压和负载变化的复合前馈补偿,实验结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

Dynamic modeling of a dual active bridge DC to DC converter with average current control and load‐current feed‐forward

Bidirectional power flow is needed in many power conversion systems like energy storage systems, regeneration systems, power converters for improvement of the power quality and some DC‐DC applications where bidirectional high power conversion and galvanic isolation are required. The dual active bridge (DAB) is an isolated, high voltage ratio DC‐DC converter suitable for high power density and high power applications, being a key interface between renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. This paper is focused on the modeling and control design of a DC‐DC system with battery storage based on a DAB converter with average current mode control of the output current and output voltage control. The dynamic response of the output voltage to load steps is improved by means of an additional load‐current feed‐forward control loop. An analytical study of the load‐current feed‐forward is presented and validated by means of both simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of MTO thyristors in current stiff converters withresonant snubbers

This paper addresses the impact of power devices switching characteristics on design and performance of pulsewidth-modulated current stiff converter (CSC) topologies with resonant snubbers. The MOS turn-off (MTO) thyristors were selected for this study due to their high voltage and current ratings, simplified gatedrive circuitry, unity gain turn-off, greatly reduced storage time allowing higher switching frequencies, and reverse voltage blocking capability. The analysis presented in this paper is supported by experimental data obtained from a CSC commutation cell capable of reproducing all the commutation processes in the current stiff converter topologies with active resonant snubbers. Issues involved in the implementation of the commutation cell itself and MTO characteristics relevant for their operation in CSC topologies with resonant snubbers are addressed in detail in this paper     

一种新型非隔离型高增益DC-DC变换器

在不间断电源、新能源发电等应用场合中,高增益DC/DC变换器得到了广泛应用。基于两相传统交错并联Boost变换器,提出了一种新型非隔离型高增益DC/DC变换器。所提变换器具有低输入电流纹波、两相电感电流自动均流、开关和二极管电压应力低、升压能力高等特点,适用于输入输出电压比大且无需电气隔离的应用场合。本文首先对所提电路的工作原理进行了具体分析,然后理论推导其主要性能特点,最后通过一台功率为400W的实验样机验证了前述分析的正确性。     

A Variable Current-Limit Control Scheme for a Bi-directional Converter used in Ultracapacitor Applications

In ultracapacitor applications, generally, a bi-directional converter is connected to a DC bus and is designed to compensate rapid load variations on the bus. During transient phases, overloaded DC bus can push the converter out of its operating limits. For providing the necessary power, converters should be put in parallel, while each converter is limited into its optimal operating range. In a boost converter, this operating limit can be related to the inductor current and UC voltage. In this study, a variable current-limit is proposed for inductor current which then determines the operating range of the boost converter. This method will provide stability of the converter during overload transients. An experimental setup consisting of a bi-directional converter, a controllable load/source, and an ultracapacitor is presented, to validate the proposed method. Several scenarii are applied to analyze the performance of the system in overloaded phases and theoretical and experimental results are presented.     

隔离型开关电感Zeta变换器磁集成研究

为了提高传统非隔离变换器的电压增益、开关频率和功率密度,同时实现电气隔离、减小电感电流纹波和变换器体积重量,提出了一种磁集成开关电感隔离型Zeta变换器。该变换器中加入了变压器以实现电气隔离,用开关电感代替变换器中的储能电感,并对变压器和开关电感进行了磁集成。分析了变换器的工作模态,推导了变换器电压增益表达式;分析了电感电流纹波的大小,给出了该变换器的磁集成设计方案。与传统Zeta变换器相比,该变换器的电压增益提高了N(1+D)倍,开关电感电流纹波减小了近一半。样机实验结果表明具有开关电感的磁集成隔离型变换器具有优良的综合性能,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于开关电容和耦合电感的交错并联型高电压增益双向DC-DC变换器

提出一种基于开关电容和耦合电感的交错并联型高电压增益双向DC-DC变换器。通过并联通道数的增加,使得变换器具有更高的电压增益、更大的输出功率和更小的器件电压/电流应力。通过引入耦合电感,不仅降低了通道内电流纹波,同时可使各通道的电感量最小,进一步提升变换器的效率和功率密度。而且,较小的电感量可加快开关电容自动均流速度,仅需简单的控制方法,有利于提高电路的可靠性和实用性。制作了一台500W样机,以验证该拓扑和理论分析的有效性。     

Experimental investigation of PV based modified SEPIC converter fed hybrid electric vehicle (PV-HEV)

This paper presents a high gain modified three-port dual boost single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) converter operated hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery electric vehicle to improve the power transfer capability and efficiency of the power conversion stage. The proposed three-port dual boost high gain SEPIC converter accepts wide voltage range of input then the conventional single stage SEPIC converter. The three-winding high frequency coupling transformer integrates the two input sources and step-up the input voltage. The theoretical and experimental analyses are presented to validate the performance of the proposed modified SEPIC converter in boosting the wide range of input voltage. A 6 kW, 12 to 600 V of experimental model has been developed and tested. The efficiency obtained from the designed model is around 94.11%.     

SRM power converter for operation with high demagnetization voltage

Torque output of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) can be increased by operating with high demagnetization voltage, especially for high speeds. This is first illustrated using computed results obtained from dynamic simulation. A power converter with the capability of providing increased demagnetization voltage is then presented. The converter operation is analyzed, ratings of various components are derived, and a controller for regulating the additional demagnetization voltage is designed. Experimental results illustrate expected operation of the converter, and improved performance of the overall SRM drive in terms of increased torque and power output.     

一种带开关电容的二次型高增益Boost变换器的研究

光伏、燃料电池等发电系统的输出电压等级较低且输出电压不稳定,需要通过高增益Boost变换器把较低等级的直流电压进行升压以满足并网要求。提出一种带开关电容的二次型高增益Boost变换器,在传统二次型Boost变换器的基础上引入开关电容单元,提高了变换器的升压能力,实现了以较小的占空比获得较大的电压增益,拓宽了输入电压范围。同时,该变换器改进了传统二次型Boost变换器开关管和二极管电压应力过大的缺点,减小了开关管的导通损耗和二极管的反向恢复损耗。另外,该变换器还有输入电流连续、输出电压纹波小的优点。分析了该变换器的工作原理及工作特性,在理论研究的基础上搭建了一台12 V/60 V的实验样机,实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

A new parallel ZVS converter with less power switches and low current stress components

A new direct current (DC)/DC converter with parallel circuits is presented for medium voltage and power applications. There are five pulse‐width modulation circuits in the proposed converter to reduce current stress at low voltage side for high output current applications. These five circuits share the same power switches in order to reduce switch counts. To reduce the converter size, conduction loss, and voltage stress of power semiconductors, the series connections of power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with high switching frequency instead of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low switching frequency are adopted. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs is clamped at half of input voltage. The switched capacitor circuit is adopted to balance input split capacitor voltages. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation scheme is adopted to generate the necessary switching signals of MOSFETs and regulate output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior at the transition interval of power switches, all MOSFETs are turned on under zero voltage switching from 50% load to 100% load. The circuit configuration, operation principle, converter performance, and design example are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype are provided to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型高增益直流变换器

随着太阳能光伏发电和燃料电池等输出电压较低的新能源电力的广泛应用,大功率和高增益变换器的研究成为电力电子研究领域的热点之一.为实现DC/DC变换器的高增益和高可靠性,提出了一种非隔离无源箝位型交错并联型变换器,其输入并联而输出串联,并试制了1台200W实验装置来验证理论分析的正确性.实验结果表明,采用无源箝位电路可有效回收漏感能量,实现主开关管的软关断和软开通,既避免了附加箝位器件,降低了成本,又达到了与有源箝位电路类似的功效,提高了装置的可靠性.该新型变换器在保持合理占空比的情况下,获得了高增益,降低了变压器的匝比,并使反向恢复问题得到抑制,变换器的效率和功率密度有了一定的提高,磁芯的体积有效减小,证明了这种新型变换器的实用性.     

Analysis and implementation of a high step‐up converter for fuel cell power‐generation systems

This paper presents a high step‐up converter, which utilizes a three‐winding coupled inductor and a rectified voltage‐doubler circuit to obtain high step‐up gain for fuel cells. The proposed converter functions as an active‐clamp circuit, which relieves large voltage spikes across the power switches. Thus, power switches with low‐voltage‐rated can be utilized to reduce conduction losses and circuit cost. Energy stored in leakage inductances of the coupled inductor is recycled to the output terminal, resulting in efficiency improvements. In addition, the coupled inductor in the presented converter can also have extra windings in order to achieve higher voltage gain. Finally, a prototype circuit with an input voltage of 60 V and an output voltage of 380 V is developed for a 1000 W‐rated fuel cell power‐generation system to validate its performance, and experimental waveforms and measured efficiency under different input voltages and output power level are demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于神经网络拟合显式MPC的高增益直流变换器

针对燃料电池、风力发电等新型能源系统输出电压较低的问题,提出一种具有拟合显式模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)的高增益、高效率直流变换器。该变换器具有非隔离型三绕组耦合电感基本单元结构,通过改变匝数比,在合适占空比下实现高增益,同时也降低了开关器件应力。此外,所提变换器采用无源钳位电路,回收漏感能量,抑制了开关管的电压尖峰。为了提高所提变换器的动态性能及抗扰能力,利用神经网络离线拟合显式MPC控制规律的策略,提高了输出电压跟踪精度,减小了输入电压变化和负载变化带来的扰动,具有良好的动态响应。最后在理论分析的基础上,制作出了一台输入10~12 V、输出100 V/100 W的实验样机,实验结果验证了所提变换器的有效性。     

双向直流变换器控制方法

双向直流变换器配合蓄电池或超级电容等化学储能元件应用在具有直流母线支撑的系统中时,其主要控制目标为结合储能元件的荷电状态实现负载的稳定工作。当负载功率大于主供电功率时,控制储能元件释放能量以满足负载功率需求;当负载功率小于主供电功率时,控制储能元件吸收能量以避免母线电压上升。归纳和总结了现有的双向控制方法,详细分析了储能系统中变换器两端均为直流源的应用场合时双向直流变换器的双向切换原理,重点研究了采用带有方向信息的电感电流平均值作为电流内环、直流母线电压作为电压外环的双向控制方法。针对该控制方法中存在的母线电压波动和电池频繁充放电的问题,阐述了相应的优化措施。     

一种新型的零电压开关双向 DC-DC变换电源

介绍了用于中小功率的双向DC-DC变流装置,它能将直流电压从24 V提升到240 V,也可以将240V直流电压变换成24 V.在变流器的两个桥式电路中间使用一个隔离变压器,在不增加电路器件的情况下,实现电能的双向传递,变流器通常工作在降压方式,主直流电源来自交流或燃料电池,主电源向负载提供电能的同时向蓄电池充电,在主直流电源故障的情况下,蓄电池替代主直流电源,向负载供电.使用适当的控制策略,实现元件的零电压开关.在对电源系统的工作原理进行理论分析的基础上,对其进行了仿真和实验验证,证明系统具有转换效率高、性能稳定和电路简单等特点.     

具有开关电容的隔离型交错并联Boost变换器

提出一种具有开关电容的隔离型交错并联Boost变换器。由于开关电容的存在,此变换器的变压器可交替工作在反激与正激模态,从而将部分输出能量存储在开关电容中,因此,这种变换器的功率等级有了一定提高,磁芯的体积可有效减小。开关电容内在的倍压能力提高了电路的电压增益,因此降低了变压器的匝比和副边二极管的电压应力。开关电容的充放电平衡使得输出各相之间的电流自动均衡。开关管的非对称连接方式,使得并联运行的2个支路只需要一个有源钳位电路就可吸收2个变压器原边的漏感能量,因此,主开关管和钳位管都实现了零电压开通和零电压关断。由于二极管的电流下降率受到变压器漏感的限制,因此反向恢复问题得到抑制。一台1 kW 48 V/380 V的实验样机的实验结果验证了理论分析的有效性。