一种新的用于彩色相纸的青成色剂的合成研究

２，４－二氯－３－乙基－６－氨基苯酚与具有防扩散功能的基团连接合成一种新的彩色相纸用青成色剂Ｎ－［２－羟基－３，５－二氯－４－乙基］苯基－２－［２，４－二（１，１－二甲基丙基）苯氧基］丁酰胺。产物经ＨＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＭＳ和元素分析测定证实了其结构。     

双氮二甲基甲酰胺介导溶剂热合成CuS粉体及表征

以CuCl2.2H2O为铜源,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide,DMF)为溶剂,分别以L-半胱氨酸、硫脲、硫代乙酰胺为硫源采用溶剂热法在130℃下反应8h得到了不同形貌的硫化铜(CuS)纳米粉体。用X射线粉末衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱手段对粉体的结构、形貌、成分及光学性能进行表征。研究表明,硫源对产物的结构和形貌有较大的影响。采用L-半胱氨酸为硫源得到的产物多呈纳米颗粒无序堆积的无定形态,而采用硫脲和硫代乙酰胺为硫源得到的是纳米棒组成的球状粉体。讨论了不同硫源对CuS粉体的形成及其形貌的影响,并对各种形貌CuS粉体的形成机理进行了简单的探讨。     

两种均三嗪衍生物坚膜剂的合成及坚膜性能的测定

合成了２，４－二氯－６－硫脲基－均三嗪钠盐及２－氯－４－三甲胺基－６－硫脲基－均三嗪内盐，并测定了这两种化合物的坚膜性能。     

共缩聚醚酯聚酰胺亚胺的合成和性能研究

用对－氨基苯甲酸酯封端的聚（四次亚甲基）醚（ＡＰＴＭＯ），４，４－二氨基二苯酰胺（ＤＡＢＡ）及均苯四甲酸二酐（ＰＭＤＡ），利用溶液聚两步法合成了一系列不同硬段含量的共缩聚醚酯聚酰胺亚胺。用动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）、示差扫描量热（ＤＳＣ）研究了样品的热性能和相态结构，用热重分析（ＴＧＡ）和应力－应变试验测定了材料的热稳定性能和力学性能。结果表明，共缩聚醚酯聚酰胺亚胺具有两相结构，有良好的力学性能和热稳     

苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物/PbS纳米棒复合材料的制备与表征

以硝酸铅、硫脲为主要原料,苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物(SMA)为模板,利用水热/溶剂热法,在120℃下反应24h制备了SMA/PbS复合材料。并利用XRD、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis等多种测试手段对所得纳米晶体进行表征,证实所得晶体为立方结构的PbS纳米棒。考察了溶剂、pH值和硫源对合成产物的影响,发现当使用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺作为溶剂、pH约11、硫脲作为硫源时,SMA可很好的修饰PbS并形成棒状结构,并初步探讨其成形机理。     

不同形貌和结构In2S3微球的微波辅助法制备

以硝酸铟作为铟源,用硫代乙酰胺或者2-甲基硫代丙酰胺为硫源,在低温开放系统中采用微波辅助加热制备得到硫化铟(In_2S_3)微球。分别采用包括表面光电压谱(SPV)及紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)在内的诸多方法对产物进行表征,并探究了不同硫源及pH值对In_2S_3的结构、尺寸及光学性质的影响。以硫代乙酰胺作为硫源时,微波温度90℃下,制备得到实心In_2S_3微球;以2-甲基硫代丙酰胺为硫源时,微波温度85℃下,制备得到空心In_2S_3微球。空心In_2S_3微球的表面光电压高于实心,说明空心In_2S_3微球的光激发电荷分离效率优于实心。     

ZnS微球的水热法合成与光催化活性

以硝酸锌为锌源、硫脲和硫代乙酰胺为硫源、表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为软模板,采用水热法成功合成了ZnS微球,借助XRD,XPS,SEM和UV-vis等多种测试手段对其进行了表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物研究了样品的光催化性能.物相结构分析表明,所得样品为纯度较高的立方闪锌矿型ZnS;SEM分析表明,样品为纳米级的ZnS粒子层层堆积组装而成的微球体,以硫代乙酰胺为硫源时,微球直径在500～1000nm之间,而以硫脲为硫源时微球直径约为1.5μm;UV-vis吸收光谱分析表明样品在200～320nm波长范围内对光有较强的吸收,作为光催化剂具有一定应用潜力.     

环氧封端和丙烯酸酯封端聚硫橡胶的合成

成功地合成了分子量为１２５０、３８００两种环氧封端的聚硫橡胶（ＥＰ－ＬＰ－３、ＥＰ－ＬＰ－２），并提出高分子量环氧封端聚硫（ＥＰ－ＬＰ－２）合成机理。以ＥＰ－ＬＰ为原料，与丙烯酸加成反应，制备相应分子量丙烯酸酯封端的聚硫橡胶（Ａｃｒｙ－ＬＰ－３、Ａｃｒｙ－ＬＰ－２）。用ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、端基分析等手段对它们进行结构表征。     

铵盐镀锌溶液中硫脲含量的分析与控制

研究了用高效液相色谱法对氨三乙酸－氯化铵镀锌电解液中添加剂含量进行了分析测定，建立了硫脲的分析方法。选用ＺｏｒｂａｘＣ１８烷基键合柱，甲醇为移动相，在确定的色谱条件下，对镀液中硫脲的含量进行了定量测定，并得出了电镀的安培小时数与硫脲消耗量的关系。     

水热法合成纳米二硫化钼及其电催化性析氢性能研究

二维二硫化钼材料具有良好的电催化析氢性能,然而不同形貌和晶相对二硫化钼电催化性能有极大的影响。分别利用硫代硫酸钠或者硫脲为硫原料,通过简单的水热法成功地合成了MoS_2纳米片,然后对所合成的MoS_2纳米片进行煅烧处理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对水热法合成的MoS_2纳米片和煅烧后的MoS_2纳米片进行表征,同时,测试水热法合成的MoS_2纳米片和煅烧后的MoS_2纳米片的电催化析氢性能。实验表明不同硫源和煅烧处理对MoS_2纳米片的形貌和析氢性能有一定的影响。以硫代硫酸钠为硫源的MoS_2纳米片呈现2H型结构,经煅烧后呈现3R型结构,具有较大的起始过电位和较大的塔菲尔斜率。而以硫脲为硫源的MoS_2纳米片在煅烧前后都是2H型,且以硫脲为硫源的MoS_2纳米片煅烧后析氢性能优于以硫代硫酸钠为硫源的MoS_2纳米片煅烧后的析氢性能,这使其成为用于实际应用的有希望的氢气析出反应(HER)催化剂。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...