基于Canny算法的列车轴承表面缺陷边缘检测

为了对列车轴承表面缺陷进行准确的边缘检测,提出了一种数学形态学和Canny算法相结合的边缘检测算法。通过对形态学结构元素及基本运算的选取,确定了形态学3菱形闭运算作为前处理,结合Canny算法对列车轴承表面缺陷进行边缘检测。同传统的边缘检测算法及形态学边缘检测算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提算法不仅加强了抑制噪声的能力,还准确地保留了图像的边缘特征。     

基于形态学多结构元多尺度的自适应边缘检测

数学形态学广泛应用于图像处理和模式识别领域;针对形态学单结构元在边缘检测中边缘信息丢失的问题,提出了用不同方向的结构元素对图像进行多尺度检测的自适应边缘检测方法;首先利用形态学高低帽运算对原始图像进行平滑处理,采用差分最大值确定结构元素的方向,利用形态学运算调整结构元素尺度,改进了数学形态学边缘检测算法;实验结果表明,与传统边缘检测算法相比,该算法在保持图像边缘清晰的同时.有很强的去除噪声能力.     

采用多结构元素模板的形态学边缘检测新算法

边缘检测是图像处理和计算机视觉中的基本问题。为了能有效地捕获目标的主要特征,提出了一种基于Ostu阈值分割和数学形态学的灰度图像边缘检测新算法。利用Ostu算法找到一个最佳的阈值,根据这个阈值把灰度图像二值化,构造四个不同方向的3×3或5×5的结构元素模板,采用数学形态学中的腐蚀算法利用元素模板来腐蚀二值图像。自适应地均衡腐蚀结果,检测出图像边缘。仿真和分析表明同传统边缘检测算法相比新算法运算量小,检测的边缘轮廓清晰,连续性好,可以很好地提取图像中富含的边缘信息,且抗噪声性能较好,假边较少,适用性强。     

基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测是数字图像处理的一个重要内容,讨论了经典的边缘检测算子算法,该算法更多地采用Prewitt算子、LOG算子、Canny算子等在空域中进行。数学形态学在图像处理中有广泛的应用,其基本原理是基于利用结构元素去探测图像;在讨论常见数学形态学梯度的基础上,提出了一种基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法,应用定义的形态学梯度结构检测出较理想的图像边缘信息。仿真结果表明,该算法在含噪图像中能得到较为理想的图像边缘信息,其抗噪声性能明显地优于经典的算子检测算法,在检测精度方面较经典的单一算子检测方法亦有一定的改善。     

数学形态学在数字图像处理中的应用研究

传统边缘检测算法由于对噪声敏感,难以准确提取图像边缘,导致图像处理效果不佳.基于传统数学形态学算法中结构算子的方向性和尺寸几何的基础上进行算法改进.针对抗噪型碰撞腐蚀形态学边缘检测算子结构元素特征,采用不同大小结构元素组合来提取边缘特征,有效保证了图像细节的同时去掉较大噪声点.根据结构元素的方向性,利用同向结构元素图像的匹配来检测各边缘信息,确保不同向边缘信息的完整度.通过比较文本改进算法与传统的边缘检测算法对图像边缘检测效果表明:本文提出的改进算子在处理较大图像边缘检测时具有更快的检测速度,且图像边缘光滑,细节清晰,具备了更强的抗噪性能.     

基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测算法的研究

为了提高图像边缘检测的效率、降低噪声对图像边缘检测的影响,提出了一种基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测算法。该算法引入多元结构元素的概念,提出了一种改进的形态学边缘检测算子,能够有效地检测出带有噪声的图像边缘,并保持边缘的平滑性。实验结果表明,与传统边缘检测算子相比较,该算法杭噪声性能良好,实时性较好,具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测是数字图像处理的一个重要内容，讨论了经典的边缘检测算子算法，该算法更多地采用Prewitt算子、LOG算子、Canny算子等在空域中进行。数学形态学在图像处理中有广泛的应用，其基本原理是基于利用结构元素去探测图像；在讨论常见数学形态学梯度的基础上，提出了一种基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法，应用定义的形态学梯度结构检测出较理想的图像边缘信息。仿真结果表明，该算法在含噪图像中能得到较为理想的图像边缘信息，其抗噪声性能明显地优于经典的算子检测算法，在检测精度方面较经典的单一算子检测方法亦有一定的改善。     

改进的抗噪形态学边缘检测算法

噪声是影响图像的边缘检测效果的主要因素之一。形态学的各种运算可以有效地去除噪声,利用形态学对含噪图像进行边缘检测的算法已成为人们当今关注的问题。为了提高图像边缘检测的准确性,降低噪声对图像边缘检测的影响,提出了一种改进的抗噪形态学边缘检测算法,且利用两个不同的结构元素进行边缘检测。对于含有椒盐噪声的图像,改进的算法能很好地减弱噪声,得到的图像较平滑、轮廓清晰。边缘定位准确且很好地保留了边缘细节特征。实验结果表明,算法抗噪能力较强,客观评价与视觉效果均好。同时,该算法具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

改进的形态学和小波变换边缘检测算法研究

针对传统数学形态学边缘检测算法存在的图像噪声干扰、边缘分辨率较低等问题,提出了一种基于数学形态学与小波变换方法相结合的边缘检测改进算法。在小波域中,对图像分解的弱边缘进行适当的加强,对低频系数采用模极大值法进行边缘处理,对边缘细节比较多的高频系数采用基于多尺度的双结构元素数学形态学算法进行边缘检测,最终得到图像的完整边缘。实验结果表明与传统的小波变换边缘检测法以及数学形态学边缘检测等方法相比,此种算法更能有效提取准确的边缘信息,而且又具有很强的抗噪性,是一种有效的边缘检测方法。     

改进的彩色图像边缘检测算法仿真研究

研究彩色图像边缘检测准确性问题,因图像边缘保护能力较差,且图像在传输过程中特别容易受到噪声的干扰,造成了图像边缘模糊等问题缺陷.针对传统边缘检测算法存在的边缘分辨率较低的问题,提出了数学形态学彩色图像边缘检测改进算法.首先将采用数学形态四运算,膨胀、腐蚀、开、闭等变换以及组合,并根据不同的结构元素的尺度大小和结构元类型,给出了一种改进型形态学抗噪型边缘检测算子,有效地检测出完整的图像边缘信息,并保持图像边缘的平滑性.仿真实验结果证明,改进的算法能有效提取准确的边缘信息,且又具有很强的抗噪性,为图像边缘检测提供了参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.