基于Canny算法的列车轴承表面缺陷边缘检测

为了对列车轴承表面缺陷进行准确的边缘检测,提出了一种数学形态学和Canny算法相结合的边缘检测算法。通过对形态学结构元素及基本运算的选取,确定了形态学3菱形闭运算作为前处理,结合Canny算法对列车轴承表面缺陷进行边缘检测。同传统的边缘检测算法及形态学边缘检测算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提算法不仅加强了抑制噪声的能力,还准确地保留了图像的边缘特征。     

基于形态学多结构元多尺度的自适应边缘检测

数学形态学广泛应用于图像处理和模式识别领域;针对形态学单结构元在边缘检测中边缘信息丢失的问题,提出了用不同方向的结构元素对图像进行多尺度检测的自适应边缘检测方法;首先利用形态学高低帽运算对原始图像进行平滑处理,采用差分最大值确定结构元素的方向,利用形态学运算调整结构元素尺度,改进了数学形态学边缘检测算法;实验结果表明,与传统边缘检测算法相比,该算法在保持图像边缘清晰的同时.有很强的去除噪声能力.     

采用多结构元素模板的形态学边缘检测新算法

边缘检测是图像处理和计算机视觉中的基本问题。为了能有效地捕获目标的主要特征,提出了一种基于Ostu阈值分割和数学形态学的灰度图像边缘检测新算法。利用Ostu算法找到一个最佳的阈值,根据这个阈值把灰度图像二值化,构造四个不同方向的3×3或5×5的结构元素模板,采用数学形态学中的腐蚀算法利用元素模板来腐蚀二值图像。自适应地均衡腐蚀结果,检测出图像边缘。仿真和分析表明同传统边缘检测算法相比新算法运算量小,检测的边缘轮廓清晰,连续性好,可以很好地提取图像中富含的边缘信息,且抗噪声性能较好,假边较少,适用性强。     

数学形态学在数字图像处理中的应用研究

传统边缘检测算法由于对噪声敏感,难以准确提取图像边缘,导致图像处理效果不佳.基于传统数学形态学算法中结构算子的方向性和尺寸几何的基础上进行算法改进.针对抗噪型碰撞腐蚀形态学边缘检测算子结构元素特征,采用不同大小结构元素组合来提取边缘特征,有效保证了图像细节的同时去掉较大噪声点.根据结构元素的方向性,利用同向结构元素图像的匹配来检测各边缘信息,确保不同向边缘信息的完整度.通过比较文本改进算法与传统的边缘检测算法对图像边缘检测效果表明:本文提出的改进算子在处理较大图像边缘检测时具有更快的检测速度,且图像边缘光滑,细节清晰,具备了更强的抗噪性能.     

基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测是数字图像处理的一个重要内容,讨论了经典的边缘检测算子算法,该算法更多地采用Prewitt算子、LOG算子、Canny算子等在空域中进行。数学形态学在图像处理中有广泛的应用,其基本原理是基于利用结构元素去探测图像;在讨论常见数学形态学梯度的基础上,提出了一种基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法,应用定义的形态学梯度结构检测出较理想的图像边缘信息。仿真结果表明,该算法在含噪图像中能得到较为理想的图像边缘信息,其抗噪声性能明显地优于经典的算子检测算法,在检测精度方面较经典的单一算子检测方法亦有一定的改善。     

基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测算法的研究

为了提高图像边缘检测的效率、降低噪声对图像边缘检测的影响,提出了一种基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测算法。该算法引入多元结构元素的概念,提出了一种改进的形态学边缘检测算子,能够有效地检测出带有噪声的图像边缘,并保持边缘的平滑性。实验结果表明,与传统边缘检测算子相比较,该算法杭噪声性能良好,实时性较好,具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测是数字图像处理的一个重要内容，讨论了经典的边缘检测算子算法，该算法更多地采用Prewitt算子、LOG算子、Canny算子等在空域中进行。数学形态学在图像处理中有广泛的应用，其基本原理是基于利用结构元素去探测图像；在讨论常见数学形态学梯度的基础上，提出了一种基于形态学梯度的图像边缘检测算法，应用定义的形态学梯度结构检测出较理想的图像边缘信息。仿真结果表明，该算法在含噪图像中能得到较为理想的图像边缘信息，其抗噪声性能明显地优于经典的算子检测算法，在检测精度方面较经典的单一算子检测方法亦有一定的改善。     

改进的抗噪形态学边缘检测算法

噪声是影响图像的边缘检测效果的主要因素之一。形态学的各种运算可以有效地去除噪声,利用形态学对含噪图像进行边缘检测的算法已成为人们当今关注的问题。为了提高图像边缘检测的准确性,降低噪声对图像边缘检测的影响,提出了一种改进的抗噪形态学边缘检测算法,且利用两个不同的结构元素进行边缘检测。对于含有椒盐噪声的图像,改进的算法能很好地减弱噪声,得到的图像较平滑、轮廓清晰。边缘定位准确且很好地保留了边缘细节特征。实验结果表明,算法抗噪能力较强,客观评价与视觉效果均好。同时,该算法具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

改进的形态学和小波变换边缘检测算法研究

针对传统数学形态学边缘检测算法存在的图像噪声干扰、边缘分辨率较低等问题,提出了一种基于数学形态学与小波变换方法相结合的边缘检测改进算法。在小波域中,对图像分解的弱边缘进行适当的加强,对低频系数采用模极大值法进行边缘处理,对边缘细节比较多的高频系数采用基于多尺度的双结构元素数学形态学算法进行边缘检测,最终得到图像的完整边缘。实验结果表明与传统的小波变换边缘检测法以及数学形态学边缘检测等方法相比,此种算法更能有效提取准确的边缘信息,而且又具有很强的抗噪性,是一种有效的边缘检测方法。     

改进的彩色图像边缘检测算法仿真研究

研究彩色图像边缘检测准确性问题,因图像边缘保护能力较差,且图像在传输过程中特别容易受到噪声的干扰,造成了图像边缘模糊等问题缺陷.针对传统边缘检测算法存在的边缘分辨率较低的问题,提出了数学形态学彩色图像边缘检测改进算法.首先将采用数学形态四运算,膨胀、腐蚀、开、闭等变换以及组合,并根据不同的结构元素的尺度大小和结构元类型,给出了一种改进型形态学抗噪型边缘检测算子,有效地检测出完整的图像边缘信息,并保持图像边缘的平滑性.仿真实验结果证明,改进的算法能有效提取准确的边缘信息,且又具有很强的抗噪性,为图像边缘检测提供了参考.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.