我国城镇污水处理厂节能降耗研究现状及发展趋势

污水处理是一个能耗密集型行业,我国污水处理能耗约占社会用电能耗的0.3%,探究污水处理工艺的节能措施具有重要意义。随着我国污水处理厂建设的完善,未来对污水处理厂运行节能降耗需构建基于精细化管理和全程优化技术体系。现有工艺运行节能需立足全流程对关键工艺单元进行节能优化提升。开发新型污水处理工艺也是节能降耗的重要技术途径,尤其是基于厌氧生物处理的技术。污水处理数学模型与精确控制是精细化管理和节能实现的重要保障。构建节能降耗效能的综合评价方法与体系,有利于推动污水处理厂可持续发展。     

潍坊某污水处理厂能耗与节能途径分析

对潍坊某污水处理厂工艺运行数据进行分析发现,该污水处理厂出水可稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级A标准,但吨水处理能耗平均为0.33k W·h/m³,高于全国平均水平(0.29k W·h/m³)。通过对污水处理厂能耗分布和特征进行分析,提出了该污水处理厂节能降耗途径。通过精确曝气控制和全过程工艺优化可在工艺稳定的情况下减少污水处理厂能耗。     

秦皇岛某污水处理厂节能实践

秦皇岛某污水处理厂采用A2/O工艺进行污水处理,设计出水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的二级标准限值要求。由于对污水排放要求的提高,该厂出水不能外排,需进入中水厂进行深度处理。基于污水处理厂现状,在分析工艺能耗构成的基础上,通过合理确定污水处理程度,调节风机风量分配,对污水提升泵进行变频改造与优化运行,达到了降低污水处理厂能耗的目的。     

东北地区中小型污水厂改良A~2/O工艺的节能降耗

以东北地区典型中小城镇临江市污水处理厂的污水处理工程为实例,归纳总结了该污水处理厂所采用的节能降耗措施,并结合运行结果,对措施的有效性进行了评价。结果表明,通过对污水提升泵、鼓风机和污泥脱水机进行自动控制,可明显降低污水处理厂的运行能耗。     

污水处理厂能耗分析及节能措施探讨

针对我国城镇污水处理厂现有的污水处理工艺能耗高及投资费用大的问题,分析探讨了相关的污水处理工艺如下:A/O工艺、A~2/O工艺、氧化沟工艺、SBR(序列间歇式活性污泥法)工艺的主要能耗点,并对污水处理厂的预处理过程、生化处理过程、污泥处理过程等提出了一些节能降耗的措施。该措施有利于城市污水处理厂根据具体的工艺情况,对污水处理工艺进行改进和分析,达到节能降耗,实现可持续发展。     

广东某城镇污水厂的能耗分析评价及节能途径探讨

污水处理行业属于能耗密集型行业,开展能耗分析评价和降低污水厂能耗,从而降低污水处理运行成本是大多数污水处理厂在运行过程中最为关注的问题之一。本文以比能耗分析法为基础,利用单位水量电耗和单位耗氧污染物削减量电耗作为评价指标,对该污水厂开展能耗评价。结果表明该厂年均单位水量能耗为288.98 kw·h/km~3,年均单位耗氧污染物削减量能耗为4 kw·h/kg,接近或高于广东省同类型污水处理厂的能耗标准上限,这说明污水处理厂存在节能降耗的空间。通过对动力系统和曝气系统的分析发现,该厂的水泵和风机在选型上并未考虑负荷较低的情况,从而导致了能耗偏高,利用大小泵或者大小风机根据运行负荷进行阶梯型搭配,可以降低污水厂能耗。     

城市污水处理厂能耗分析与节能降耗途径

鉴于我国城市污水处理厂运行费用偏高而导致部分污水处理厂不能全产运行的状况,调查了新乡市两种常用污水处理工艺（AVO、氧化沟）的实际运行状况,分析了其能耗构成及能耗损失的环节和原因,探讨了城市污水处理厂节能降耗的途径,为以后污水处理厂的设计和运行提供借鉴。     

城镇污水处理厂低碳运行评价指标体系的构建及应用

基于层次分析法构建了城镇污水处理厂低碳运行评价指标体系，该体系包括能耗物耗、资源回收、碳汇、碳排放4个层面，涉及要素指标14个，介绍了体系框架、指标权重、指标计算等具体的构建方法。结合实际案例，验证了该评价体系的可行性，并根据其现阶段的低碳水平提出相应的优化建议,为我国城镇污水处理厂的低碳化运行水平提供动态、准确的评价。     

有关油气处理厂能耗分析及优化建议浅谈

通过对油气处理厂单位处理量综合能耗的计算及分析,建立了油气处理厂用能评价指标并进行计算,得出油气处理厂的能耗分布情况和节能方向,在不对工艺流程进行大的改动的前提下,对重点能耗单元的关键工艺参数进行了优化。     

城市污水处理厂主要处理工艺及能耗点分析评价

首先对城市污水处理厂运行成本进行了分析,其次分析了现有城市污水处理厂所采用的几种主流处理工艺,并在此基础上,重点对其进行进行了能耗点分析评价,以期为已建或新建污水处理厂高效可靠运行提供参考。     

SFA/O工艺的处理容量及脱氮性能研究

首先,通过理论分析对A/O工艺及SFA/O工艺的处理容量进行分析,对两种工艺的脱氮性能进行评价。在此基础上,在高C/N和低C/N下,通过试验验证两种工艺的脱氮性能及污泥沉降性能。结果表明,SFA/O工艺在与传统A/O工艺相比,无论在处理效果及长期运行的可行性上,均存在明显优势。SFA/O可作为一种深度脱氮工艺可应用到大中小型污水处理工程。     

PET装置废水汽提工艺的改进

介绍了PET装置废水预处理的汽提工艺,并提出了改进措施。通过对废水汽提工艺改进前后的处理效果和能源消耗等方面的比较,结果证明:改进之后,达到同等乙醛脱除效果,其运行费用(能源消耗)仅为水蒸汽汽提工艺运行费用的10%。     

农药废水综合处理技术的研究

采用微电解-臭氧化-活性炭纤维吸附-生物接触氧化组合工艺对某农药厂排出的高浓度有机废水进行了综合处理,并系统地阐述了各处理单元对废水的处理效果,经该工艺处理后的废水达到国家一级排放标准。     

鲁奇煤气化废水处理流程优化与实施

分析了鲁奇煤气化废水处理流程中存在的问题,以河南某气化厂为例,详述了采用化工流程模拟技术,对现有废水处理流程进行的优化及技术改造措施。通过流程改造,提高了废水中酚与氨的脱除率,工业装置运行效果良好,可为同类装置的设计、改造及操作优化提供参考。     

一体化生化工艺处理油页岩干馏废水的试验研究

通过对油页岩干馏废水水质特点进行分析,选择集厌氧、缺氧、好氧、沉淀功能于一体的生化处理系统对干馏废水进行中试试验,考察了该一体化生化处理系统对油页岩干馏废水的处理效果,探讨了技术可行性。系统运行结果表明,一体化生化系统处理油页岩干馏废水运行稳定、高效,对CODCr NH3-N、油等均有较好的去除效果．为油页岩干馏废水的工业化处理提供了技术支持。     

Dissolved oxygen control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process using model predictive control

Activated sludge wastewater treatment processes are difficult to be controlled because of their complex and nonlinear behavior, however, the control of the dissolved oxygen level in the reactors plays an important role in the operation of the facility. For this reason a new approach is studied in this paper using simulated case-study approach: model predictive control (MPC) has been applied to control the dissolved oxygen concentration in an aerobic reactor of a wastewater treatment plant. The control strategy is investigated and evaluated on two examples using systematic evaluation criteria: in a simulation benchmark – developed for the evaluation of different control strategies – the oxygen concentration has to be maintained at a given level in an aerobic basin; and a changing oxygen concentration in an alternating activated sludge process is controlled using MPC technique. The effect of some MPC tuning parameters (prediction horizon, input weight, sampling time) are also investigated. The results show that MPC can be effectively used for dissolved oxygen control in wastewater treatment plants.     

Plant optimisation by retrofitting using a hierarchical method: Entrainer selection,recycling and heat integration

Systematic procedures for reducing wastes in complex chemical plants are needed to allow efficient optimisation. Here, a hierarchical procedure was applied to the optimisation of a real industrial plant to reduce wastes as well as energy and raw material consumption. In the case studied, the continuous production of methyl-butynol (MBI), acetylene reacts with acetone. The solvent ammonia and acetylene are recycled to the reactor. Unreacted substrates and by-products are separated from the product stream by distillation. Part of the unreacted acetone can be reused for other purposes after distillation. A substantial part of the unreacted substrates and by-products is delivered to a wastewater treatment plant. These waste streams constitute a substantial problem for the operation of this plant. First, waste streams were characterised and tracked back to their origin. Following the hierarchical design procedure, the overall input–output structure was fixed. The entrainer in the present process was critically examined and options were suggested. Then various recycle schemes were considered for later detailed study. The existing plant was simulated using ASPENPLUS. After adjusting the model to all important aspects of the real process scheme, excellent agreement between actual process performance data and simulation was obtained. The various process schemes were simulated and assessed for their economic and ecological performance. The objective functions used included utility, substrate and catalyst costs, as well as costs for wastewater treatment. Additionally, the environmental burden related to energy supply was accounted for by a carbon dioxide tax as suggested by the Nordic countries. The process changes included separation of unreacted acetone from the product stream and recycling to the reactor. By-products were converted back to substrates in an additional reactor separation system and recycled. In various simulated process configurations and operational schemes substantial economic and ecologic improvements were achieved. This study demonstrates the usefulness of hierarchical approaches combined with process simulation for plant optimisation. ©1997 SCI     

某家禽屠宰废水处理工程改扩建实例

某家禽屠宰废水富含油脂、有机物和致病菌,设计采用溶气气浮-水解酸化-改良A 2O-次氯酸钠消毒工艺对其进行处理,介绍了该工艺的流程、设计参数及运行效果.运行结果表明:出水COD、BOD5、TN、NH3-N、TP等指标均可达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级B标准;工艺运行稳定,采用气提...     

Aeration control of a wastewater treatment plant using hybrid NMPC

In the operation of wastewater treatment plants a key variable is dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the bioreactors. As oxygen is consumed by the microorganisms, more oxygen has to be added to the water in order to comply with the required minimum dissolved oxygen concentration. This is done using a set of aerators working on/off that represents most of the plant energy consumption. In this paper a hybrid nonlinear predictive control algorithm is proposed, based on economic and control aims. Specifically, the controller minimizes the energy use while satisfying the time-varying oxygen demand of the plant and considering several operation constraints. A parameterization of the binary control signals in terms of occurrence time of events allows the optimization problem to be re-formulated as an nonlinear programming (NLP) problem at every sampling time. Realistic simulation results considering real perturbations data sets for the inlet variables are presented.     

工业园区污水处理厂运营管理中的节能降耗措施

随着工业化、城镇化进程的加快,我国能源短缺日趋严重,作为高能耗产业的工业园区污水处理厂实施节能降耗已迫在眉睫。文章对某工业园区污水处理厂的耗能点进行了统计、分析,进而从降低药耗,降低电耗,资源再利用及日常管理等方面论述了在运行管理过程中节能降耗的有效措施。