Organochlorosilanes as catalysts of alkylation of benzene by propylene

The orders of the catalytic activity of methyl- and ethylchlorosilanes in alkylation of benzene by propylene in an autoclave are established.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 44 – 46, January – February, 2005.     

Expanding Feedstock Resources for Manufacture of Vaseline

An alternative to petrolatum in feedstock for manufacture of medicinal Vaseline from Azerbaidzhan crudes was sought. The feedstock, adsorbent, and processing conditions selected increase the yield of Vaseline from 35–40 to 70–75% while reducing formation of difficult to use wastes.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 18 – 19, May – June, 2005.     

Group composition and properties of petroleum wax fractions

The group chemical composition and physicomechanical properties of petroleum wax fractions are investigated. The mechanism of their change with an increase in the average distillation temperature is determined.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2005.     

Modernizing Cat Cracker Reactor Block Units on the G-43-107M/1

Modernization of cat cracker reactor block equipment in the G-43-107M/1 combined unit, which significantly increases the unit’s efficiency and reliability, is described.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 12 – 14, May – June, 2005.     

Optimization of the composition of oil and gas condensate mixtures for primary refining

A simple method of calculating the optimum composition of oil and gas condensate feedstock with the easily determined physicochemical properties of its components and standardized performance properties of petroleum products is examined.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 37 – 39, January – February, 2005.     

Alkylation of Benzene with Propylene in the Presence of Organometallic Siloxane

The characteristics of alkylation of benzene by propylene in the presence of 1-chloro-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcycloaluminodisiloxane soluble in liquid benzene at 110 and 130°C and benzene: propylene ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 (molar) were investigated. The high activity of the investigated catalyst is demonstrated.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 39 –41, May – June, 2005.     

A Composite Additive for “Heavy” Gas-Condensate Diesel Fuel

A composite additive that decreases the cloud and solid points of GShZ gas-condensate diesel fuel, stable condensate “heavy” bottoms, to the values required by GOST 305–82 for grade “3– 45” petroleum diesel fuel, was developed from domestic feedstock. This significantly improves the performance properties of gas-condensate diesel fuel.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 26 – 28, July – August, 2005.     

Revamping of the catalytic cracking reactor block on the G-43-107M/1 unit. Second stage

Revamping of the catalytic cracking reactor block on the combined G-43-107M/1 unit with introduction of a set of new technological elements and equipment units that significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of operation of the unit and create conditions for its conversion to two-year operation between maintenances is described.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 25 – 28, January – February, 2005.     

Extraction treatment of catalytic cracking feedstock

In extraction treatment of the 470°C-EP cut of heavy vacuum gasoil with a mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone and octane, the carbon residue of the gasoil decreases from 4 to 1.75 wt. %. In catalytic cracking of such treated feedstock, the relative yield of naphtha and diesel cuts increases by 10 and 37% and coking decreases by 30%.VNIIneftekhim Co. Kirishinefteorgsintez IA Ltd.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 19 – 21, January – February, 2005.     

Petroleum Coke. Feedstock Resources and Calcination Technologies

Coking is an important and comparatively inexpensive process for exhaustive refining of crude oil. The total number of coking units in the world is over 160. The highest number is in the USA, with approximately 70, China with 24, and Russia with a total of 8 [1, 2].__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp.20 – 23, May – June, 2005.     

Crude oil from the Chirag field

The crude oil from a promising new offshore field in Azerbaidzhan — Chirag — is light, low-sulfur, low-resin, and waxy. Its naphtha cuts are characterized by low octane numbers. They can be used as components of automotive gasolines. Brand KO-20 lamp kerosene can be obtained from light kerosene cuts. Catalytic dewaxing must be conducted on the 150–280°C cut to manufacture jet fuel. The diesel cuts are favorable feedstock for manufacturing summer diesel fuel. The potential content of base oils with a viscosity index of 75–89 is 24.64 wt. % in crude oil.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 35–38, November–December, 2004.     

Alkyl Naphthalenes as Lubricant and Coolant Process Materials

Higher alkyl naphthalenes based on oligomers of propylene were investigated as lubricant and coolant process materials (LCPM). Dialkyl naphthalenes from the 280–420°C fraction of oligomers reduce the pressure of the metal on the roller in the subcritical region of rolling to a greater degree than monoderivatives. Products consisting of an equal mixture of mono- and dialkyl-substitution products ensure normal rolling conditions for copper.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 34 – 36, July – August, 2005.     

Optimization of the block diagram of the reforming feedstock preparation subsystem

The causes of inefficient operation of the section 100 feed and heat recovery subsystem of the L 35-11/1000 catalytic reforming unit are investigated. A method for optimizing the block diagram of the subsystem which increases the degree of heat recovery and efficiency of the unit is proposed.Vostokneftezavodmontazh Planning Institute.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 16 – 18, January – February, 2005.     

Antiseptics Made from Petroleum Resins

Data are reported on the compositions and technology of production of safe petroleum protective creosote materials based on resinous residues and gasoils from thermal and catalytic processes.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 51 – 54, May – June, 2005.     

Catalytic Synthesis of Basic Petrochemical Products from C<Subscript>1</Subscript>-C<Subscript>4</Subscript> Alkanes

Effective catalysts for production of ethylene and aromatic hydrocarbons from methane and the propane-butane fraction are developed and investigated by physicochemical methods.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 35 – 38, March – April, 2005.     

Effect of the surface activity of additives on the degree of dispersion and performance properties of a fuel disperse system

The effect of cetane-boosting, antiwear, depressant-dispersing, and multifunctional additives on the quality indexes of summer-grade diesel fuel (DF) was investigated. The highly effective multifunctional Evropris additive simultaneously improves five indexes. This allowed obtaining fuel based on S-grade DF (GOST 305-82) that satisfies the requirements of European Standard EN 590. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 20–22, January–February, 2008.     

Increasing the Quality of Furnace Residual Fuel Oils. Extraction Treatment with N-methylpyrrolidone

Atmospheric resid was treated with N-methylpyrrolidone in the presence of the undecane fraction at mass ratios to the feedstock of 3:1 and 0.5:1 with preliminary light deasphalting with and without pentane. As a result, the sulfur content in the atmospheric resid decreases by four times and the carbon residue decreases by two times. N-Methylpyrrolidone forms an azeotrope with undecane with a boiling point of 179°C, i.e., 25° lower than for the extracting agent. This allows decreasing the degree of its decomposition in regeneration and corrosion of the equipment.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 3 – 9, July – August, 2005.     

Dimethyl ether in a state of saturation. Calculation of thermodynamic properties

Equations are proposed for calculating the basic characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) in a state of saturation: saturated vapor pressure; latent heat of combustion; specific volumes and heat capacities of the boiling liquid and saturated vapor. Their reliability is confirmed by independent experimental data and by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in substituting the results of the calculation with these equations in it.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 51 – 53, January – February, 2005.     

Production of paving asphalts from high-wax crude oils

High-quality BND 40/60 and BND 60/90 asphalts were made from high-wax Kotur-Tepe crudes with additives — heavy catalytic gasoil, hard asphalt from propane deasphalting, and extracts from selective treatment of oil feedstock — were manufactured in pilot conditions. Production of such asphalts by direct oxidation of vacuum resid is not possible. Optimum feedstock compositions are proposed.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 23 – 26, November– December, 2004     

Calculation of Fuel Viscosity in the Linear Programming Model

Use of the standard tools in the modeling system with conversion of the viscosity values at the measurement temperature to the values at 50°C is recommended for representing the viscosity of middle-distillate and residual fuels in the linear programming model.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 51 – 52, July – August, 2005.