淀粉复合高吸水树脂微波快速合成及溶胀性能

采用木薯淀粉、部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,微波快速合成淀粉基离子型/非离子型复合高吸水树脂(SAP)。以吸水率为指标,考察主要合成工艺和溶胀条件对SAP溶胀性能的影响,并采用FTIR、SEM对样品的官能团和形貌进行表征。结果表明,SAP呈多孔结构。在微波功率为400 W,反应时间为2min的条件下制得纯水平衡吸水率为445.2 g/g的SAP。另外,在不同温度下,SAP在纯水中的溶胀符合一级动力学过程,温度越高,溶胀速率越快;其溶胀受溶液的pH、盐溶液的种类和浓度的影响;SAP在有机溶液中的溶胀受溶液溶解度参数的影响,有机溶液与水的溶解度参数相差越大,溶胀损失越大。     

Waste polystyrene foam‐graft‐acrylic acid/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite

A novel superabsorbent nanocomposite based on partially neutralized acrylic acid, waste polystyrene foam, and sodium type montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) powder was synthesized through emulsion polymerization using N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, 2,2′‐azo‐bisiso‐butyronitrile, ammonium persulfate, and sodium sulfite as mixed redox initiators. The effects of such factors as amount of Na‐MMT, crosslinker, initiator, and neutralization degree on water absorbency of the superabsorbent were investigated. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, X‐ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that acrylic acid monomer successfully grafted onto the polystyrene chain, the layers of Na‐MMT were exfoliated and dispersed in the composite at nano size after copolymerization. The introduction of waste polystyrene foam in the composite increased the water absorbency rate. The addition of Na‐MMT not only enhanced the thermal stability of the composites but also increased its water absorbency, and the optimal water absorbencies of distilled water and saline water (w_NaCl = 0.9%) of the nanocomposites were more than 1180 g H₂O/g and 72.6 g H₂O/g, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2341–2349, 2007     

Utilization of starch and montmorrilonite for the preparation of superabsorbent nanocomposite

Starch and montmorrilonite (MMT) were used as raw materials for synthesizing starch‐graft‐poly[acrylamide (AM)–acrylic acid (AA)]/MMT superabsorbent nanocomposite by graft and intercalation copolymerization reaction of starch, AM, and AA in the presence of organic MMT micropowder in aqueous solution. Major factors affecting water absorbency such as weight ratio of monomers to starch, weight ratio of AM to AA, neutralization degree of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and MMT were investigated. The superabsorbent nanocomposite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions exhibits absorption of 1120 g H₂O/g sample and 128 g H₂O/g sample in deionized water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. IR spectra showed that the graft copolymerization between  OH groups on MMT and monomers took place during the reaction, and that crystal interlayer was pulled open in the superabsorbent nanocomposite. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal interlayer of MMT was pulled open to 2.73 nm, and thus formed nanometer exfoliation composite material. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that starch‐graft‐poly (AM–AA) superabsorbent nanocomposite (8 wt % MMT) has good thermal stability. This superabsorbent nanocomposite with excellent water absorbency and water retention, being biodegradable in nature, economical and environment friendly, could be especially useful in industry, agricultural, and horticultural applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

衣康酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂的合成

用过硫酸钾做引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了淀粉/膨润土接枝衣康酸(IA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)高吸水树脂.研究了m(AM)/m(IA),IA,交联剂用量及引发剂用量等对吸液性能的影响.在固定反应温度70℃,反应时间为6～10 h的条件下,吸水的最佳条件为:m(AM)/m(IA)为9.3∶0.7,IA中和度为75％,交联剂质量为单体总质量的0.05％,引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)质量是单体总质量的0.30％.吸生理盐水的最佳条件为:m(AM)/m(IA)为9.1∶0.9,IA中和度为75％,交联剂质量为单体总质量的0.03％,引发剂KPS质量是单体总质量的0.50％.     

玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备高吸水性树脂

用硝酸铈铵作引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂。研究了交联剂及引发剂用量、碱用量、反应温度以及反应时间等对吸水率的影响。得到的最佳反应条件为:交联剂和引发剂与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比分别为1.0×10-5和3.0×10-3,碱与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为1.50,反应温度60℃,反应时间2 h。在室温下制得的高吸水树脂,30 m in每克吸蒸馏水和自来水分别约为其自身质量的600和170倍。     

用废聚苯乙烯制备无溶剂型纸张表面施胶剂的研究

用相容性较好的乙烯基类单体溶解回收废聚苯乙烯泡沫材料(EPS),并通过乳液聚合方法制备出一种稳定的低成本无溶剂型纸张表面施胶剂,将其与糊化好的氧化淀粉复配可制取质量分数为4%的施胶液。结果表明:制备施胶剂的最佳工艺条件为m(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶m(OP-10)=2∶1,w(引发剂)=0.5%~0.6%,反应时间为80min,w(废EPS)=5%~10%(相对于复合单体而言);采用质量分数为4%的施胶液对纸张表面进行施胶,可使纸张的施胶度、挺度和环压强度分别提高17倍、33%和21%。     

淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料制备与性能

旨在为降低吸水材料成本、拓宽原料来源、提高生物降解性、减少对石油化工产品的依赖提供指导,以水溶液接枝共聚法制备了淀粉接枝衣康酸/丙烯酸高吸水材料（S/IA/AA）,讨论了淀粉糊化条件、中和度、单体含量、反应温度等因素对材料吸水性能的影响,采用FTIR、SEM、EDX等对吸水材料进行表征。研究表明：淀粉糊化最佳条件为糊化温度80℃,糊化比为10 g•g^-1,糊化时间30 min;吸水材料合成最佳条件为中和度50%,衣康酸40%,淀粉20%,引发剂为4×10^-3 mol•L^-1,交联剂0.075%,反应温度50℃;利用40％衣康酸替代丙烯酸所制S/IA/AA同S/AA相比,其吸水性能有一定提高且保水性能优良。     

淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂吸附CuSO_4的行为和动力学

以淀粉和丙烯酸为原料,用水溶液聚合法制备淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂（St-g-PAA）,在20～40℃研究St-g-PAA对CuSO4的吸附行为。结果表明,St-g-PAA对CuSO4的室温吸附行为符合Freundlish关系,等温吸附表达式为：Γe=0.06c0.3（g/g）,其吸附过程具有一级反应特征,反应速率常数为：k=6.92×10-9×exp（35.418 4 kJ/RT）,吸附过程的表观活化能Ea=-35.418 4 kJ/mol,具有反应温度低、吸附速度快的特点。     

利用废旧聚苯乙烯塑料制备胶粘剂

利用废旧聚苯乙烯塑料制备胶粘剂是有效的再利用方法之一 ,既能减少环境污染又可以避免资源浪费     

Grafted CMC/silica gel superabsorbent composite: Synthesis and investigation of swelling behavior in various media

In the present study, we attempt to synthesize and characterize novel CMC-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/silica gel composite. Infrared spectroscopy and TGA thermal analysis were carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the hydrogel. Moreover, morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of reaction variables affecting on water absorbency of the composite and swelling behavior in various solvents, salt, and pH solutions was investigated. Maximum water absorbency of the optimized final product was found to be 4000 g/g in distilled water. The absorbency under load (AUL) of the hydrogel was also determined by using an AUL tester at various applied pressures. Finally, dynamic swelling kinetics of the hydrogel was studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

复合高吸水性树脂的制备与表征

采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸甲酯为单体与有机膨润土复合,通过水溶液共聚法制备复合高吸水性树脂,用FTIR、XRD、TGA等手段对合成出的树脂结构进行表征。结果表明,丙烯酸共聚物与有机膨润土产生了交联,插入丙烯酸共聚物的有机膨润土片层在聚合后发生了剥离,加入有机膨润土能提高树脂的保水能力。     

黄原胶/膨润土复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法制备了黄原胶(XG)/膨润土有机-无机复合SAP(高吸水性树脂)。通过单因素试验法和正交试验法优选出制备复合SAP的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、XG与膨润土之间发生了接枝共聚反应;当m(AA)∶m(AM)=5∶1、AA中和度为75%、w(膨润土)=5%、w(引发剂)=1.0%和w(交联剂)=0.08%时,相应的复合SAP具有最大的吸水倍率(863.8 g/g)和吸盐水倍率(109.4 g/g)。     

Preparation of starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite

A novel starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of starch, acrylamide (AM), and attapulgite micropowder using N.N‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. The effects on water absorbency, such as amount of crosslinker, initiator, attapulgite, weight ratio of acrylamide to starch in the feed, gelatinization conditions of starch and molar ratio of NaOH to acrylamide, and so forth, were investigated. These superabsorbent composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solution were investigated, and water retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study showed that the water absorbency of superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibit absorption of 1317 g H₂O/g sample and 68 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1351–1357, 2005     

用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备涂改液

将废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料溶解在乙酸乙酯中,制成高分子胶粘液,向其中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和遮盖剂氧化锌、二氧化钛,经球磨机研磨制成涂改液。通过控制变量法,探讨了各组分对涂改液性能的影响,确定了制备涂改液的最佳配方。该法工艺简单,操作方便,不需要特殊设备,且变废物为原料,既降低了产品的成本,减少了涂改液对人体的毒害性,又对减轻白色污染的危害作了有益的探索。     

Thermal behavior and surface morphology studies on polystyrene grafted sago starch

Polystyrene grafting onto sago starch was carried out by using ceric ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator. The grafted copolymers were characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra analysis of the grafted chain and commercial polystyrene was identical, indicating that styrene was successfully grafted onto sago starch. TGA thermograms and analysis of DSC curves showed that the thermal stability of starch increases as a result of grafting. SEM micrographs showed the deformed prolate ellipsoidal shape of sago starch particles and this shape disappeared in polystyrene grafted sago starch being replaced with a spongy surface with pores. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2053–2058, 2003     

废PSF接枝改性物的粘接性能

用溶液接枝的方法研究了回收的废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的接枝工艺,其包括:引发剂量、反应温度、单体浓度、单体种类、多单体共接枝的影响。作者还研究了增粘剂与PS接枝物的相容性,从而配制了粘接性能良好的粘合剂,这种粘合剂还有优良的耐水性。     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料胶粘剂的制备与性能分析

以废PS(聚苯乙烯)泡沫塑料为主要原料,乙酸乙酯、甲苯、丙酮和四氯化碳为混合溶剂,制备溶剂型PS胶粘剂。采用单因素试验法和正交试验法探讨了PS含量、低毒性混合溶剂的选择及配比等对PS胶粘剂性能的影响。研究结果表明:当V(四氯化碳)∶V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(甲苯)∶V(丙酮)=1∶8∶3∶2或2∶4∶3∶4时,相应溶剂型PS胶粘剂的综合性能优于市售白乳胶;该PS胶粘剂对木材、铁片、玻璃和塑料的剪切强度依次为4.8、4.0、3.0、1.0 MPa,并且其制备工艺简单,不产生二次污染,具有良好的应用前景。     

An efficient preparation method for superabsorbent polymers

High water‐absorbent polyacrylates could be prepared by concentrated aqueous solution polymerization within a short time period, heating the monomer mixture by water bath. The influences of initiator content, bath temperature, crosslinker content (Cc), and degree of neutralization on water absorbency (Q) were investigated. The temperature changing of the monomer mixture during polymerization was thoroughly analyzed. The increase of initiator content as well as the increase of bath temperature results in the increase of water absorbency and reduces the crosslinking efficiency. The results are in conformity with Flory's network theory and also illustrate that lower crosslinking efficiency occurs when the polymerization rate is faster. An empirical relation of Q = 1.40 Cc^−0.665 is obtained and its exponent is very close to −0.6 in a derived relation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 119–124, 1999     

利用“白色垃圾”──废PS泡沫塑料改性制粘合剂的研究

本文介绍用废PS泡沫塑料改性制粘合剂的原理、实验工艺、配方设计和粘合性能。收旧利废制成的PS胶，能替代白乳胶，成本低廉，性能优良。     

用废EPS制备低毒清香型胶粘剂

以橙皮为原料提取精油并对其作GC分析,以精油、乙酸乙酯及丙酮作混合溶剂,用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS)制备胶粘剂;对制备胶粘剂条件作了正交分析,比较了该胶与市售白乳胶的性能差异。结果表明,橙皮提取的精油中柠檬烯质量分数高达96%;V乙酸乙酯/V丙酮/V精油=5/2/3的混合溶剂,对废EPS的溶解力最强。制备胶粘剂最优条件为:乳化剂0.75g,MAA3.0g,酚醛树脂2.0g,BPO0.30g。制备的低毒清香型胶粘剂,剥离强度为0.35kN/m。