基于运动路径靶标的空间机器人视觉标定方法

针对空间缺少标定靶标物的难题,基于空间机器人机械手的精确末端定位能力,提出了一种通过规划机械手运动路径生成靶标从而实现在轨视觉标定的方法.首先介绍了视觉标定方法的总体框架.然后对该标定方法进行了误差分析,根据棋盘靶标标定误差与控制点图像坐标误差满足线性关系的先验知识,推导了从机械手末端定位到控制点图像坐标的误差传递关系,并对两类误差进行合成得到了等效的控制点图像坐标误差.最后利用仿真实验验证了标定误差与等效误差满足线性关系,分析了靶标尺寸、相对距离、控制点密度和靶标结构因素对标定精度的影响.     

改进直接线性标定的移动机器人视觉定位算法

在移动机器人视觉定位中,图像处理技术为摄像机标定和视觉定位奠定了基础.本文首先对机器人采集得到的目标图像进行灰度变换,将彩色的图像转换为灰度图像,利用中值滤波滤除目标图像中的孤立噪声点,再使用sobel算子提取图像的边缘,由于提取的边缘不清晰,最终使用改进的hough变换得到图像的清晰边缘.实验中利用matlab 7.5软件对图像进行处理,获取到准确的目标点像素.而要得到机器人在实际坐标系中的坐标,需要对摄像机进行标定,本文对直接线性标定算法进行改进,利用最小二乘法简化计算的过程,实现机器人视觉定位过程.实验结果表明,该方法简单且有效,提高了定位的准确度,验证了该方法在视觉定位中的有效性和可行性.     

基于双目立体视觉的机械手精确定位系统

在机械手执行任务的过程中,控制机械手定位到目标位置是一个非常的机械手自动定位系统设计方法,由双目立体视觉系统根据目标物的二维图像计算出目标物的三维坐标,然后根据此三维坐标去控制机械手自动运动到目标位置.实验表明该系统能提高排爆机器人机械手的易操作性,大大提高了机械手的性能     

基于视觉识别定位的苹果采摘系统研究

针对果实振荡、重叠影响采摘机器人采摘精度和效率的问题,研制了一种在农田 环境下利用视觉检测技术和机器人定位抓取技术的苹果采摘系统。首先利用图像处理技术对初 始图像进行图像预处理;其次根据图像角点提取算法检测图像曲率,通过计算曲线段上的多个 像素平均角方向之间的差值对曲率进行平滑处理,获取图像曲率集中峰值点;最后对图像曲率 峰值点进行像素坐标标定,并将该点像素坐标转化为物理坐标作为机器人的定位抓取目标点, 机器人根据定位目标点的位置信息调整运动姿态对果实进行实时追踪和识别,实现果实的精确 定位、抓取和采摘。试验证明,该系统下的机器人抓取果实的成功率高达九成以上,基本能够 满足实际生产中的果实采摘需求,可为苹果等球状果实精准识别、定位抓取提供参考。     

基于机器视觉的光斑中心高精度实时检测

激光光癍的实时采集和光斑中心精确定位是激光应用和机器视觉检测领域一个关键问题.本文采用DirectShow技术实时获取并处理光斑图像,先使用Sobel算子处理得到像素级图像边缘,再使用二阶空间矩算子进一步细化从而得到亚像素边缘数据,最后通过最小二乘法拟合从而得到光斑中心0.1像素级坐标.实验结果表明该方法处理速度能满足实时系统需求,鲁棒性好,定位精度高,在定位运动光斑的中心和激光受不同环境影响情况的偏离状况方面有较好的应用.     

基于PLC的工业机械手无线遥控系统

针对多关节工业机械手的比例和开关控制,以PLC作为其控制器,通过无线数传模块进行数据传输,实现远程无线遥控操作。手持操作器采用16位单片机,对检测到的按钮和摇杆操作进行数据编码后通过无线的方式发送至PLC,PLC对其解码后获得指令实现对机械手各关节运动的控制。该方案成本低,具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。     

基于视觉识别的机械手无抖振定位控制

采用当前方法对机械手进行定位控制时,定位控制所用的时间较长,控制结果与预期结果之间的误差较大,存在定位控制效率低和控制精准度低的问题。将视觉识别技术应用到机械手定位控制中,提出基于视觉识别的机械手无抖振定位控制方法,对采集得到的机械手图像做DCT变化处理,将机械手图像变换到频率域中,采用高斯同态滤波去除机械手图像中存在的噪声,将高斯模型作为分割模型对去噪后的机械手图像做分割处理,得到机械手的轮廓区域。结合Softmax分类器和稀疏自编码网络对机械手进行无抖振定位控制,采用贪婪训练算法根据顺序对网络进行训练,将训练得到的特征点输入Softmax分类器中对机械手进行微调,实现机械手的无抖振定位控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法的控制效率高、控制精准度高。     

基于计算机视觉的目标二维坐标定位实现

提出一种摄像机内部参数未知条件下,由单幅图像实现的目标二维定位方法。推导图像像素坐标系转换至车体坐标系的转换矩阵,并介绍该转换矩阵的求解方法和步骤。实验证明,本单幅图像目标二维坐标定位方法易于实现,定位精度较高（P=1．47mm）,最大误差为2．95mm,能够满足机器人计算机视觉目标定位使用要求．     

基于机器视觉的边缘缺陷检测实验装置开发

针对目前自动化课程教学内容的需求,把机器控制与图像视觉相结合,开发一套继电器外壳边缘缺陷检测的实验装置.该实验装置把机电传动控制、气动控制、机械手控制、以及图像处理技术等理论知识有机融合,其主要结构包含机器视觉与机械运动控制两大部分,整个装置可完成电机的控制、各类传感器的数据检测、机械手的运动路径规划与定点投放、图像的...     

一种双模控制的自主跟随机器人系统设计

为解决非视觉跟随方式的不稳定性,设计了一种基于机器视觉传感器的自主跟随机器人系统。系统具备自主跟随和手动遥控两种模式。采用Processing软件编写手机端应用程序(APP),通过Wi Fi模块向系统发送模式选择命令。在自主跟随模式下,通过开源机器视觉模块Open Mv采集图像信息,采用Micro Python编程实现对跟随标记的识别定位,获取定位坐标,建立向量空间,并调用差速跟随算法使机器人自主跟随标记,以完成自适应移动。在遥控模式下,通过2.4 GHz无线射频模块n RF24L01发送指令,实现了对无法识别目标等特殊环境下的机器人的控制。通过系统硬件设计和软件编程,搭建了一台系统模型机。采用April Tags码作为跟随标记,对系统功能进行了验证。该系统实现了对特定目标的自主跟随以及手动遥控跟随;无线通信稳定,实现了双模控制,满足了预期要求。该系统对跟随机器人的发展起到了有力的推动作用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.