电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定Ti80钛合金中铝铌锆钼铁的酸体系溶解条件探讨

为实现Ti80钛合金样品的快速有效溶解,并制得适用于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Ti80钛合金中铝、铌、锆、钼、铁含量的样品溶液,对硫酸-硝酸、硝酸-氢氟酸、硫酸-氢氟酸-硝酸及盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸4种酸体系对应的溶解条件进行了探讨。对4种溶解体系分别进行不同条件试验,根据溶解现象及样品溶解的完全程度初步确定了每种酸体系的溶解条件。硫酸-硝酸溶解体系的溶解条件为:10.0 mL硫酸(1+1),290~310 ℃下加热溶解,溶解完全后逐滴加入硝酸至溶液褪色;硝酸-氢氟酸溶解体系的溶解条件为:预先在样品中加入10.0 mL水,然后相继加入2.0 mL硝酸和2.0 mL氢氟酸,直至样品溶解完全;硫酸-氢氟酸-硝酸溶解体系的溶解条件为:预先在样品中加入10.0 mL硫酸(1+3),然后加入2.0 mL氢氟酸使样品溶解完全,加入2.0 mL硝酸至溶液褪色,再加热至冒烟;盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸溶解体系的溶解条件为:预先在样品中加入15.0 mL盐酸(1+1),然后加入1.0 mL氢氟酸使样品溶解完全,加入2.0 mL硝酸使溶液褪色。在初步确定的溶解条件下,分别采用4种溶解体系对Ti80钛合金样品进行溶解,制得样品溶液;对样品溶液中铝、铌、锆、钼和铁的稳定性进行了考察并对其含量进行了测定,结果表明4种酸体系对应的溶解条件下制得的样品溶液均适用于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Ti80钛合金中铝、铌、锆、钼和铁含量,确定的4种酸体系对应溶解条件合理。     

全球三大盐酸法钛白制备工艺及进展分析

介绍了全球盐酸法钛白的三大主要制备工艺:美国ANI法、 加拿大CTL法和中国ZLC法.通过对各自工艺特点的对比认为,美国ANI工艺和加拿大的CTL工艺是以钛元素萃取为目标,而中国的ZLC工艺是通过萃取铁元素来达到对钛元素的有效分离.此外,还对上述三大主要盐酸法钛白工艺的优劣势及应用情况进行了分析和阐述,并结合现有研发实...     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定增碳剂中钛和钙

研究了增碳剂样品的溶解、分析谱线的选择、共存元素的干扰和介质的酸度对测定的影响,建立了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定增碳剂中钛和钙含量的分析方法。样品在马弗炉中灰化后,采用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸和高氯酸溶解得到的灰分。以钛和钙标准溶液配制的标准系列溶液建立校准曲线,选择324.199 nm和317.933 nm 波长的谱线作为钛和钙的分析线,在0.6 mol/L盐酸介质中用ICP-AES进行测定。钛和钙的检出限分别为0.04 μg/mL和0.07 μg/mL,线性范围分别为0～20 μg/mL和0～60 μg/mL。方法用于煤、煤矸石、沥青、石油焦等增碳剂中钛和钙的测定,测定值与标样的认定值一致,回收率在96%～105%之间。     

Autoclave Dissolution of Platinum Metals in Hydrochloric Acid Oxidizing Media

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - The results of a study of the features of the dissolution processes of metallic platinum, rhodium, and iridium in hydrochloric acid solutions under...     

硫脲络合重量法测定镍钛铂合金中铂

镍钛铂合金中铂含量与合金材料的理化性能有着密切的联系,也是重要的交易指标之一。采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸以及硫酸分解样品,在加热至冒硫酸烟时,铂-硫脲络合物形成硫化物沉淀,从而与其他元素分离,经过滤,灼烧,恒重,计算得到铂含量;使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定滤液中铂含量,其含量很低,对样品中铂含量没有贡献,无需补差,即铂已经完全沉淀。试验结果表明,盐酸与硝酸体积比为5∶1时样品溶解速度最快;硫酸(1+1)加入总量为80mL,硫脲用量为2.0g时,铂可以沉淀完全并易于过滤。按照实验方法测定2个镍钛铂样品中铂,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.17%和0.12%;与氯铂酸铵重量法进行比对,并采用F检验和t检验,结果表明两种方法在显著性水平为0.10时没有显著性差异。加标回收率在99%~102%之间。     

碱熔-硫酸铁铵滴定法测定钛白粉中二氧化钛

二氧化钛的含量决定了钛白粉产品质量等级,准确测定钛白粉中二氧化钛含量具有重要意义。采用过氧化钠高温熔融样品,热水浸取,盐硫混酸溶解,用铝箔将溶液中四价钛还原为三价,在饱和碳酸氢钠溶液的保护下以硫氰酸铵为指示剂,实现了硫酸铁铵滴定法对钛白粉中二氧化钛含量的测定。讨论了样品分解方法、过氧化钠用量、盐硫混酸用量对测定结果的影响。结果表明,将0.200 0 g样品置于盛有2.000 g过氧化钠的30 mL刚玉坩埚中,在样品上铺1.000 g过氧化钠,先在马弗炉中500 ℃低温熔融5 min,待过氧化钠固体融化后再升温至650 ℃继续熔融10 min,加入30 mL热水浸取,再缓慢加入30 mL盐硫混酸,可将熔融物全部溶解。按照实验方法对钛白粉标准物质和样品进行测定,标准物质的测定结果相对误差小于《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》规定的相对误差允许限,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于0.2%。     

Alumina extraction from northeastern red soils of Argentina

A laboratory-scale acid process to produce alumina with a purity higher than 98.4% from the northeastern red soils of Argentina is proposed. Leaching was carried out with 6 M hydrochloric acid at several molar ratios both with and without previous thermal treatment of the mineral. The relationship between the extent of dissolution of iron (II), iron (III), aluminium (III) and titanium (IV) and the structure of the principal minerals of the soils were analyzed. The solutions obtained after leaching, containing about 30 g/l of aluminium and iron oxides and 1 g/l of titanium oxide, were purified by solvent extraction and hydrolytic precipitation. The related behavior of the system aluminium (III) - iron (III) in hydrochloric acid with the organic solvent tributyl phosphate and the conditions suitable for titanium hydrolysis were studied. Then, hydrated aluminium chloride was obtained by crystallization and thermal decomposition of the salt was carried out to produce alumina.     

A kinetic study of nonoxidative dissolution of galena in aqueous acid solution

This paper presents the results obtained through a kinetic study of the nonoxidative dissolution of natural galena in hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid solutions with and without the addition of sodium chloride. Under the experimental conditions employed in this study, the dissolution rates were controlled by a chemical reaction on the surface of the galena sample. The galena dissolution rate is of the first order with respect to hydrochloric ion activity in hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid solutions. The addition of sodium chloride to the acid solutions greatly enhanced the dissolution rate. The effect of sodium chloride has two possible interpretations: First, it may be the result of an increase in hydrogen ion activity. Second, the enhancement of the dissolution rate observable at high sodium chloride concentration may be due to the specific adsorption of chloride ions or the surface complexing of chloride ions on the galena surface.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氯化烟尘中的钪铁钛

准确测定氯化烟尘中钪、铁、钛的含量,对判断钪与铁、钪与钛的分离程度,评价钪的回收率有重要意义。实验采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对氯化烟尘中钪、铁、钛的测定进行了研究。采用酸溶(盐酸-硝酸-磷酸)和碱熔(氢氧化钠)两种方法处理氯化烟尘,并对两种方法的钪、铁、钛测定结果进行对比,结果表明,采用酸溶法步骤简单易行,结果更准确可靠。通过共存元素干扰试验确定了钪、铁、钛的测定谱线分别为335.372nm、259.940nm和334.188nm。酸度试验表明,样品溶液中磷酸的体积分数在10%以下,对待测元素的干扰可忽略不计。方法中各元素校准曲线线性回归方程的相关系数均不小于0.999,钪、铁、钛的检出限分别为0.0010%、0.0028%、0.0021%,测定下限分别为0.0100%、0.0280%、0.0210%。按照实验方法测定氯化烟尘样品中的钪、铁、钛的含量与光度法的结果基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.1%~2.7%之间,回收率在93%~107%之间。     

二安替吡啉甲烷分光光度法测定钛铁中钛含量

建立了二安替吡啉甲烷分光光度法测定钛铁中钛含量的快速分析方法。采用稀硫酸和过硫酸铵溶解试样,以1.8 mol/L盐酸为显色酸介质,利用二安替吡啉甲烷与四价钛能形成稳定1:3的黄色络合物[Ti(DAPM)3]^4+的特性,通过测定被测元素的吸光度值,建立钛含量与吸光度之间的线性拟合,回归曲线方程为A=2.6618w+0.0033,线性相关系数为0.9998。该方法适用于钛铁中钛含量范围25%~40%的测定,标准样品测定结果与认定值一致,其相对标准偏差小于0.45%,分析速度快,操作简单,值得推广。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定高铌钛铝合金中硼硅钨锰

通过选择高铌钛铝合金中硼、硅、钨、锰元素中灵敏度高的光谱线为分析线,采用盐酸、氢氟酸、硝酸溶解样品和优化仪器的最佳工作条件,实现了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对高铌钛铝合金中硼、硅、钨、锰的测定。方法的检出限低,分别为0.001μg/mL(B),0.002μg/mL(Si,W),0.0001μg/mL(Mn)。用高铌钛铝合金样品进行了加入回收试验,4种元素的回收率在95.2%～108%之间,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于0.08%。对钛基标准物质进行测定,测定值与认定值值相符。     

氧化亚氮-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒钛高炉渣中二氧化钛

钒钛高炉渣具有反应活性差、样品溶解困难的特点,采用硫酸-硝酸-氢氟酸三元混酸体系(体积比为1∶2.5∶1)在90~100℃温度下加热溶解钒钛高炉渣样品。为避免钛离子水解,用盐酸调节溶液酸度为1.0mol/L,并以氯化钾抑制高温下钛的电离,建立了氧化亚氮-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒钛高炉渣中二氧化钛的方法。实验对溶解方法及测定条件进行了优化。结果表明,钛的质量浓度在4~30μg/mL范围内符合朗伯-比尔定律,线性相关系数为0.999 1,方法检出限为1.7mg/g。将实验方法应用于钒钛高炉渣标准物质和实际样品中二氧化钛的测定,测得结果与认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于0.4%。     

Laboratory reduction rate and current efficiency studies of batch type electrolytic reduction of U(VI) in a sulfate system

The electrolytic reduction of U(VI) was investigated to improve the batch type electrolytic reduction of uranyl sulfate. For this purpose, theoretical considerations were made on the time variation of reduction rate and of current efficiency. A monitoring device consisting of two titanium electrodes and one platinum electrode was developed to determine the reduction ratio and to detect the end point of the reduction of U(VI). The monitoring device worked well for these purposes. The reduction rate in a batch type electrolytic reduction of U(VI) at constant current was larger than theoretically expected. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase in the mass transfer rate of U(VI) species toward the cathode due to the disturbance of the concentration boundary layer by hydrogen gas evolved from the cathode surface. The deterioration of titanium cathode experienced in an operating plant was investigated, and was found to be caused by platinum plating onto the titanium cathode surface during the operation. The deteriorated cathode could be restored by immersing it in a hot aqua regia or a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid for a few minutes.     

WO3–CaSO4在HCl–Na2SO4溶液中的平衡溶解

目前钨冶炼的碱分解工艺,存在用水量大、废水量大、加工成本高等问题,使钨冶炼企业面临着经济与环保的双重压力,不能继续满足行业发展需求。对此,在大量白钨焙烧分解工艺研究的基础上,提出了酸法焙烧思路,开发出了硫酸盐焙烧分解白钨工艺,一步转型生成WO₃。由于白钨矿焙烧产物的主要杂质为Na₂SO₄与难溶CaSO₄,可采用盐酸浸出方式进行钨钙分离,本文采用等温平衡法,考察对比了WO₃、CaSO₄与WO₃–CaSO₄在HCl–Na₂SO₄溶液中的溶解行为,结果表明:WO₃与CaSO₄在盐酸中的溶解度相差较大,CaSO₄在盐酸中溶解度随温度、盐酸浓度的升高而增大,在温度80 ℃、盐酸浓度3 mol·L–1的条件下,硫酸钙在盐酸中的溶解度达到峰值55 g·L–1,而Na₂SO₄可显著降低CaSO₄在盐酸中的溶解度,缩小CaSO₄与WO₃在盐酸中的溶解差,WO₃溶解度则维持在0.3～3 g·L–1范围内,结合目前成熟的低钨回收工艺,能将该部分溶解钨有效地回收,即控制一定的溶解条件有利于钨钙高效分离。      

Preparation of synthetic rutile by hydrochloric acid leaching of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite

Dissolution of mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for the preparation of synthetic rutile was investigated. Both the dissolution and its coupled titanium hydrolysis were greatly enhanced by the mechanical pretreatment. Increases in the lattice strain and surface area of ilmenite induced by energetic ball milling were responsible for the enhanced dissolution. The rapid hydrolysis led to formation of quantities of the nanosized primary particles, giving rise to a solid/liquid separation problem. The 15 min milled ilmenite, however, yielded an easy-to-filter hydrolysate due to formation of porous, micron-sized, secondary particles during the dissolution. The crystallization and aggregation behaviour of the primary particles were probably related to both the surface property of the un-reacted solid and the ferric ion concentration in solution. The technology for preparation of synthetic rutile was systematically investigated. The optimum milling and dissolution conditions were as follows: milling in air for 15 min, hydrochloric acid concentration 20%, initial reaction temperature 100 °C, ilmenite/20% acid mass ratio 1 g:5.5 g, reaction time ≥ 6 h. The synthetic rutile prepared under the optimum conditions contained 92% TiO₂ and 2.1% Fe₂O₃ as well as combined CaO and MgO of 0.28%. The results demonstrate that the mechanical pretreatment can take the place of the traditional high temperature pretreatment of ilmenite and avoid the dissolution being conducted under pressurized condition.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中贵金属元素

介绍了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定钛合金中贵金属元素Ir、Au、Pd、Rh、Ru的方法。通过溶样方法选择、仪器工作 参数优化、基体和共存元素对待测元素的影响等试验,确定了采用盐酸、氢氟酸和硝酸溶解样品,用基体匹配方法消除基体钛对测定的影响 。在仪器最佳工作条件下、选择了Ir 224.268nm 、Au 267.595 nm 、Pd 340.458 nm、Rh 343.489 nm 、Ru 240.272 nm 谱线为分析线,测 得方法的检出限是0.000 1 ～0.003 μg/mL。加标回收及精密度试验表明：本方法能满足钛合金中Ir、Au、Pd、Rh、Ru等元素分析的要求, 回收率在90%～110%之间,相对标准偏差小于14%（n=6）。     

锍试金富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中铂钯铑铱

建立了锍试金富集电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中铂、钯、铑、铱的新方法。样品用硫化镍富集,酸处理除去碱金属硫化物,过滤,残渣用盐酸和过氧化氢溶解,ICP-MS法测定。研究了富集时各种因素的影响。方法检出限:Pt为0.11ng/g,Pd为0.038ng/g,Rh为0.016ng/g,Ir为0.040ng/g;相对标准偏差(n=12):Pt为4.09%,Pd为4.75%,Rh为4.53%,Ir为4.78%。测定了国家一级地球化学标准物质中痕量Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,结果与认定值相吻合。     

巯基棉分离体系用于铂钯废液中铂的测定

将含铂钯的废液,经盐酸和过氧化氢氧化处理后,转化为6 mol/L的盐酸溶液,该溶液流经巯基棉分离柱,此时巯基棉对铂(Ⅳ)的吸收率降至0.01％以下,而钯被定量的吸附,从而实现铂钯的分离,消除钯对铂的测定干扰,建立分离铂的新方法,利用铂与双十二烷基二硫代乙酰胺(DDO)显色测定铂含量,其相对标准偏差小于0.55％,结果准确可靠,方法切实可行.     

TOA-TBP从铁合金萃钯余液中协同萃取分离铂

以等离子炉富集产出的铂钯铑铁合金溶解造液萃钯后的余液为原料,选择TOA-TBP混合萃取剂萃取分离铂。研究单一TBP、TOA以及混合体系对铂的萃取行为。结果表明,对于贱金属较高的溶液体系,100%TBP对铂的萃取率仅有80.9%,单一TOA在高浓度下铂的萃取率接近100%,但铑的共萃率也随之上升,最高可达到82.86%。而95%TBP-5%TOA的混合体系在0.5 mol/L HCI,相比为1,旋转速度100 r/min条件下,铂的萃取率达到99.9%以上,铑的共萃率仅为0.2%。选择稀盐酸洗涤负载有机相,10 mol/L盐酸反萃,铂的反萃率达到97.2%。TOA-TBP混合体系可以实现铂铑高效分离,且该体系对铂的萃取具有协同效应。     

实验室废旧贵金属材料中铂的回收利用

实验室使用的含铂耗材会因为长时间使用形成损耗、变性或功能失效,长期搁置或丢弃造成极大的浪费,工业上常使用硼氢化钠作还原剂还原回收铂。实验依据硼氢化钾相比硼氢化钠具有分解温度高、稳定性好、在使用过程中较安全的特性,与氯化铵相结合利用二次沉淀法,以实验室含铂废旧耗材为原料,建立了硼氢化钾还原-氯化铵沉淀法回收铂的方法。为了获得纯净的金属铂,实验采用硝酸分离杂质元素,王水溶解铂,反复用盐酸驱赶氮氧化物,使铂充分转化为氯铂酸。在40℃、5%(V/V)盐酸介质中用硼氢化钾还原氯铂酸及少量难溶于王水的氧化铂,再用王水溶解铂黑并完全转化为氯铂酸,氯铂酸与过量的氯化铵形成黄色氯铂酸铵沉淀,陈化过夜。选择分段缓慢升温分解氯铂酸铵,在750℃和900℃煅烧,分别获得松散的金属铂粉和较致密的金属铂。两次沉淀溶液中残余的铂离子均小于20μg/mL。回收铂的纯度不小于99.9%,回收率大于99.5%。