Effect of Thermomechanical Fatigue on Precipitation Microstructure in Two Precipitation-Hardened Cast Aluminum Alloys

Thermal loading induces modifications of the precipitation microstructure of Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys. This study focuses on the effect of deformation on precipitation microstructure during thermomechanical loadings. Several specimens were thermomechanically cycled while others were exposed to the same thermal cycles without any mechanical loading. The nature and morphological characteristics of the precipitation microstructure of the thermomechanically cycled specimens are compared to those of the thermally aged ones, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in order to assess the effect of deformation on the precipitation microstructure and especially on the kinetics of precipitate growth. The absence of any significant effect of superimposed straining during thermal cycling is discussed. Implications for the prevision of yield strength degradation during service operation are briefly presented.

     

镍基合金表面激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金的组织与性能

在镍基合金上激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金，制备了单层、多层试样和工件。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和高温电炉，对熔覆层的组织、相结构、硬度及抗氧化性进行了测试和分析。结果表明：熔覆层的组成相有γ-Co，Ni2Y和Cr3Ni2Sic，熔覆层的氧化物为CoAl2O4，Al2O3，CoNiO2，NiCr2O4，CoCr2O4；单层熔覆层组织细小致密；由于预热的作用，搭接熔覆的组织较粗大；界面处的结晶方向垂直于界面，层问、两道之间搭接区、重熔区和多层熔覆的近表面组织有等轴化的倾向；熔覆层具有较高的硬度，加入稀土元素Y，可以增大氧化物的表面附着力、改善熔覆层的抗氧化性能；熔覆层在1100℃是抗氧化的。     

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

The well-known term “hydrogen embrittlement” (HE) expresses undesirable effects due to hydrogen such as loss of ductility, decreased fracture toughness, and degradation of fatigue properties of metals. However, this article shows, surprisingly, that hydrogen can have an effect against HE. A dramatic phenomenon was found in which charging a supersaturated level of hydrogen into specimens of austenitic stainless steels of types 304 and 316L drastically improved the fatigue crack growth resistance, rather than accelerating fatigue crack growth rates. Although this mysterious phenomenon has not previously been observed in the history of HE research, its mechanism can be understood as an interaction between hydrogen and dislocations. Hydrogen can play two roles in terms of dislocation mobility: pinning (or dragging) and enhancement of mobility. Competition between these two roles determines whether the resulting phenomenon is damaging or, unexpectedly, desirable. This finding will, not only be the crucial key factor to elucidate the mechanism of HE, but also be a trigger to review all existing theories on HE in which hydrogen is regarded as a dangerous culprit.     

Microstructure of Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Sprayed Coating

Thermalsprayingtechnologyisveryusefulfor surfaceprotection,strengtheningandrepairingof wornoutparts.Sinceplasmasprayingandself flu xingalloyshavebeendevelopedsuccessfully,spra yingtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedinindustry. Recentyears,differenttypesofpla…     

添加钕对Mg2Ni储氢合金的结构和电极性能的影响

利用两步法制备了一系列添加Nd的三元Mg2-xNdxNi合金。XRD分析证实，当x=0．05，0．1时，制得的三元Mg2-xNdxNi合金均为Mg2Ni单相合金；三元Mg18Nd0．2Ni(x=0．2，0．3)合金为三相合金，三相分别为Mg2Ni，NdNi，NdMgNi4。模拟电池测试结果表明，同Mg2Ni合金相比，球磨10h的三元Mg1．8Nd0．2Ni合金和Mg17Nd03Ni合金电极的放电容量提高明显，且Mg17Nd03Ni合金电极的循环性能有明显改善。这极有可能与合金中NdMgNi4相的存在以及球磨形成的微结构有关。     

稀土对真空熔结镍基自熔性合金涂层组织结构的影响

采用真空熔结的方法在45^#钢母材上获得了稀土。NiCrBSi自熔性合金涂层，借助X射线衍射、SEM及EDX研究了涂层截面的微观组织、相结构及涂层与母材界面附近的组织特征，讨论了稀土的加入对涂层组织结构的影响。结果表明：真空熔结NiCrBSi合金涂层为M基固溶体和分布在固溶体上块状、球状和针状的CrB，NiaB，Cr3C3和Cr23C6等第二相组成，涂层与母材为良好的冶金结合。添加稀土元素的NiCrB-SiRE合金涂层消除了针状组织，析出了新的硼化物NiB和硅化物Or65Ni25Si，第二相得到了进一步的球化；RE还阻碍了M，Cr，Si等原子向母材的扩散和Fe原子向涂层的扩散，减轻了Fe原子对涂层的“稀释”作用，保证了涂层的化学组成。     

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure of Vacuum Melting Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings

The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45% C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni3B, Cr7C3, Cr23C6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr6.5Ni2.5Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.     

Hydrogen Embrittlement in a 2000-Series Aluminum Alloy

Tensile tests were performed on an Al-Cu-Mg alloy, 2124, in plate form, after aging to seven different tempers. Cathodic charging with hydrogen caused no significant loss of ductility for any temper, in contrast, for example, to 7075. Simultaneous straining and cathodic charging did, however, result in reduction in area losses up to 25 pct. The fracture mode was not altered by hydrogen. In general, the results conformed to the framework established through investigation of 7075 alloys, in that the underaged microstructures were the most susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement; this susceptibility can be explained in terms of microstructure and slip behavior. Formerly Research Associates at Carnegie-Mellon University.     

氢对Ti3Al-Nb合金微观组织和超塑变形行为的影响

研究了氢对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo合金微观组织和超塑变形的影响。结果表明：氢可增加合金中B2相的体积分数,促进变形过程中条状相晶粒的细化。氢的存在可降低合金在超塑变形过程中的流变应力,并在较低的温度下获得合金的最大m值。     

合金元素对钒基固溶体储氢合金组织与电化学性能的影响

制备了添加不同含量合金元素Sc、Y的V3Ti Ni0.56系钒基固溶体储氢合金,通过显微组织观察,以及电化学腐蚀性能、充放电循环稳定性的测试与分析发现:合金元素Sc或Y的添加,有利于提高合金的电化学腐蚀性能、充放电循环稳定性,复合添加合金元素Sc和Y的效果较单一添加好。与V3Ti Ni0.56合金相比,复合添加合金元素Sc和Y可以使合金腐蚀电位正移193 m V,充放电循环20次后合金的放电容量衰减率从95%减小至21%。     

氢对钛合金组织及加工性能的影响

分析了氢对钛合金作用的两重性。一方面,氢引起钛合金氢脆、应力腐蚀及延迟断裂等危害;另一方面,采用热氢处理技术降低钛合金的高温流变应力,改善钛合金的热塑性。热氢处理技术是改善钛合金加工性能的一种有效的新方法,可以细化晶粒,改变相结构,改善钛合金的加工性能。归纳了热氢处理技术在钛合金加工、焊接及铸造中的应用。     

The Effect of Second Tempering on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ultra-High-Strength Steel

The objective of the present study is to enhance the resistance of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) via second tempering at 250 °C for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Although second tempering results in a higher saturated hydrogen content for the second tempering specimens during a slow strain rate test (SSRT), it effectively reduces HE susceptibility. As the second tempering time increases, dislocation density decreases. In contrast, the size of the cementite and Mo_yC_x precipitates increase slightly. The density of Mo_yC_x precipitates increases, whereas the density of cementite remains approximately the same as the second tempering time increases. Regarding second tempering specimens, the volume fraction’s increase in Mo_yC_x precipitates, which acts as a hydrogen trap with high binding energy, plays an important role in reducing the HE susceptibility, and the decrease in dislocation density can also improve HE resistance. In addition, the growth of the interface of the cementite and matrix disperses more hydrogen, which could enhance HE resistance. The result also reveals that the cementite and matrix interface is a type of low-binding-energy hydrogen trap without plastic deformation, whereas the strain interface with interfacial dislocations is a type of high binding energy hydrogen trap under plastic deformation.

     

Effect of Pre-strain on the Creep Strength of Ni-Based Alloys for A-USC Boilers

In order to clarify the effects of cold work on the creep rupture strengths of Ni-based alloy, the relationship between the pre-strain and the creep rupture strengths of Alloy617, Alloy263, and Ally740H was investigated. The creep rupture strength of Alloy617 increased as the pre-strain increased. The creep rupture strength of Alloy263 was roughly constant, independent of pre-strain. Meanwhile, the creep rupture strength of Alloy740H was constant with a pre-strain up to 5 %, and deceased to about one third of the initial value with a pre-strain of 7.5 % or larger. From the results of microstructure observation, the relationship between the amount of carbide in grain boundaries and the pre-strain, coordinates well with the relationship between the change in creep rupture strength and the pre-strain.     

Effect of Microadditional Cerium on Annealing Embrittlement of Fe－B－Si Amorphous Alloy

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铁基非晶态合金的退火脆性

本文研究Fe₈₀B_20-xSi_x(x=6,8,10,12)非晶态合金的退火脆性规律,给出了合金成分原料纯度,薄带厚度以及薄带表面状态对非晶态合金退火脆性的影响。铁基非晶态合金在低温退火过程中已明显变脆。这种退火脆性是由非晶态合金亚稳特性决定的结构弛豫所致。     

Influence of Microstructure Homogeneity on the Electrochemical Performance of Hydrogen Storage Alloys

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Transient-Liquid-Phase Bonding of H230 Ni-Based Alloy Using Ni-P Interlayer: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Transient-liquid-phase bonding using Ni-P as an interlayer has been developed for H230 Ni-Cr-W solid-solution-strengthened Ni-based alloy. Two process parameters—composition of the interlayer and bonding time—have been varied to optimize the mechanical properties. H230 has been bonded into two sets of stacks (set I and II) for 8 and 4 hours using Ni-12P and Ni-6P interlayer, respectively, (wt pct) at 1423 K (1150 °C) and 12.7 MPa. The microstructure of both the stacks has three distinct regions—the joint centerline which showed the presence of pores, an isothermally solidified zone (ISZ) which did not have any carbide precipitates and base H230. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography showed a uniform microstructure, and an absence of any deleterious phases at the joint and in ISZ. Set I and set II had a yield strength of 76 and 86 pct of that of the H230 sheet, tested at 1023 K (750 °C). The measured elongation at fracture was negligible, but the fracture surfaces revealed a ductile cup-and-cone-type fracture occurring through the ISZ/joint region. Examination of broken tensile samples revealed that the plastic strain was constrained to within one joint region through which fracture occurred.     

Wear Resistance and Characterization of Borided Ni-Based Alloys

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - In this study, nickel-magnesium (Ni–Mg) alloys with a 97% Ni–3% Mg compositions were successfully borided with packet boriding at temperatures...     

Y-Containing Phase in Fe-20Cr-4Al-Y Alloys and Its Effect on Embrittlement

In Fe-20Cr-4Al-Y alloys with (0.13～0.73) wt% Y,Y-containing phase was observed.Its Y content andcrystal structure were identical with those Of YFe_9 phase basically,and microhardness was 4～5 times higherthan that of α-phase matrix.The phase can strongly prevent grain growth and dislocation annihilation,and trapimpurity atoms,as a result,and inhibit the embrittlement caused by treating over 1000℃.