冷喷涂改善2219铝合金熔焊接头残余应力新方法

目的采用冷喷涂技术改善2219铝合金变极性钨极氩弧焊(VPTIG)焊接接头残余应力。方法采用冷喷涂技术在8 mm厚2219铝合金VPTIG焊接接头表面进行Cu涂层制备,分析冷喷涂前后接头微观组织、力学性能及残余应力的变化,探究冷喷涂过程中高速碰撞颗粒的"喷丸效应"与加热气体的"热效应"对接头残余应力的改善作用及内在机制。结果冷喷涂前后,接头整体的微观组织无明显变化,但在焊缝表面(Cu涂层与焊缝结合面处)观察到明显的塑性变形。冷喷涂后,焊缝区上表面显微硬度提高,作用深度约2 mm(余高处);接头抗拉强度表观上稍有降低,这是由于涂层对焊缝的拉伸应变局部化改变所致,"喷丸效应"与"热效应"单独作用下,接头抗拉强度无明显变化,所有拉伸试样均从焊趾处沿着熔合区发生断裂。焊态接头残余应力分布总体呈拉应力状态,在焊缝处最大,经过冷喷涂后,焊缝残余拉应力峰值从约200MPa降到约24MPa,大部分区域从拉应力变为压应力,且分布均匀性变好。结论冷喷涂技术可以显著改善VPTIG焊接接头残余应力分布。冷喷涂粒子的"喷丸效应"对基体残余应力的改善作用显著。高温气流的"热效应"虽未能显著降低残余应力,但使应力分布变得均匀。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 12Cr1MoVG Tube Welded Joints With/Without Post-weld Heat Treatment

Small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless steel tube welded joints were fabricated in this study by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding techniques, then the microstructures, mechanical properties, and residual stress distributions of the joints with or without post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) were compared. The welded joints are mainly composed of bcc ferrite (F), Fe₃C, and M₇C₃ carbides. PWHT did not cause an apparent microstructure evolution in the joints, but promoted granular pearlite decomposition and growth of F grains and carbides, therefore decreasing the yield, tensile strength, and hardness while increasing the impact toughness and elongation of the welded joints. PWHT also released the circumferential residual stress and altered the stress state in the joint from tensile to compressive. Although the mechanical properties and bending performance of the small-caliber, thick-wall 12Cr1MoVG seamless welded joints without PWHT are acceptable, our results show that the joints with PWHT are more reliable.     

装配条件对X80钢外根焊接头成分与性能的影响

摘要： X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动焊接过程中,装配条件的改变对铜衬垫熔化导致的Cu元素向焊缝扩散及接头的力学性能具有一定影响。系统地分析了不同对口间隙与错边量对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊全自动电弧焊接接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响。通过能谱分析和化学成分分析对焊缝中的Cu元素含量进行表征,利用拉伸试验、常温冲击试验及背弯和侧弯试验测量不同装配条件下接头的力学性能。结果表明,对口间隙大于1.0 mm或错边量大于3.0 mm的装配条件下焊缝成形质量差;在保证获得良好焊缝成形的条件下,对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu含量的增加,但不同条件下焊缝的Cu元素含量均低于0.5%(质量分数),铜衬垫的使用对焊缝Cu元素含量影响不大。接头的力学性能测试结果显示,不同装配条件下得到的接头抗拉强度和冲击韧性差异较小,且拉伸试样均断裂在母材位置,热影响区的冲击韧性优于焊缝,而对口间隙和错边量的增加会降低接头的弯曲性能。 创新点： 研究了不同装配条件对X80钢管道铜衬垫外根焊接头的Cu元素含量和力学性能的影响,发现对口间隙和错边量的增大会导致根焊层底部Cu元素含量的少量增加及接头弯曲性能的下降,而对接头的抗拉强度及冲击韧性无显著影响。     

机械振动对WQ960钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用机械振动辅助MAG焊焊接WQ960高强度钢,通过对不同振动参数下焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能分析,研究机械振动对焊接接头的显微组织、冲击韧性和抗拉强度的影响规律.结果表明,机械振动的施加提高焊缝和熔合区的冲击吸收功效果明显,可达15%,对热影响区的冲击吸收功影响不大,焊接接头的抗拉性能也有所提高,但幅度不大仅为2%.施加机械振动后改善了一次柱状晶的形态,得到以细小的针状铁素体为主的焊缝组织,这对提高焊接接头的强韧性十分有利.振动状态下焊缝冲击断口纤维区的韧窝较深,晶状区的解理台阶层次明显,存在较多的撕裂棱,且均匀细化.     

热处理工艺对0Cr13Ni5Mo钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

对马氏体不锈钢0Cr13Ni5Mo焊接接头经过1000℃油淬后,分别进行了600℃,620℃+600℃,400℃回火。通过显微组织分析、拉伸试验、冲击试验和硬度检测对3种焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,3种焊接接头中焊缝组织粗大,硬度最高;焊接接头的韧性低于相应热处理状态下母材的韧性;随着回火温度的降低,韧性下降,强度提高。二次回火比一次回火组织更加细小,强度和韧性更好;620℃+600℃二次回火后焊接接头具有比较理想的综合力学性能。     

热轧E36钢中板埋弧焊接头的组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、冲击和金相检验等试验方法对热轧态E36钢12mm中板埋弧焊接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明：采用H10Mn2焊丝＋SJ101烧结焊剂对E36钢中板进行焊接时,接头具有较高的抗拉强度和较好的低温冲击韧性;焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体、先共析铁素体和少量粒状贝氏体;热影响区组织主要为铁素体、珠光体和少量针状铁素体,针状铁素体是接头具有良好力学性能的主要原因。     

焊接接头表面改性的研究进展

概述了高能喷丸、表面机械研磨处理、超音速微粒轰击、超声冲击、激光冲击改性等表面改性方法的基本原理,重点分析了其对不同材料焊接接头表面进行改性的效果。这些改性方法可以细化焊接接头表面的晶粒,甚至使晶粒尺寸达到纳米级;提高焊接接头表面的显微硬度,从而提高焊接构件的强度;消除接头处的残余拉应力,使拉应力转变为残余压应力,从而抑制焊接接头裂纹源的产生,提高焊接接头的抗疲劳断裂能力,进一步提高焊接构件的寿命。了解了现有表面改性处理方法应用的领域范围及其优缺点,并对焊接接头表面改性处理方法的发展及研究方向进行了展望。     

不同热处理制度下1Cr11Ni2W2MoV闪光对焊接头的组织与性能

针对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢开展闪光对焊试验,研究不同焊后热处理制度对其焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用闪光对焊方法焊接1Cr11Ni2W2MoV,能够获得优质的焊接接头。1Cr11Ni2W2MoV闪光焊焊态下焊缝组织为马氏体和少量的δ铁素体组织,焊接接头具有较好的拉伸性能,但塑性和韧性较差。经过淬火+回火热处理后组织表现为回火索氏体组织,焊接接头的抗拉强度、塑性和韧性等性能均得到改善。在1000℃油淬+570℃回火状态下,焊接接头具有良好的综合力学性能。     

热输入对800 MPa级钢接头组织及性能的影响

系统研究了焊接热输入对新一代800MPa级高强度结构钢(RPC钢)焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，采用最新研制的超低碳贝氏体焊丝焊接800MPa级RPC钢获得了强韧性匹配良好的焊接接头；焊缝一次柱状品的宽度随热输入的增加而增大，焊缝金属二次组织中基本上消除了先共析铁素体和侧板条铁素体，组成焊缝的基本类型为板条贝氏体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体；随着热输入的增大，焊接接头的抗拉强度逐渐降低，而低温冲击韧度则先升高，然后又下降；在热输入为20kJ／cm时焊缝金属低温韧性出现峰值与焊缝获得细小密集的针状铁素体组织有关。     

Flux shielded arc butt welding of concrete reinforcing steel

Abstract

The present paper reports on a new variant of flux shielded arc butt welding without the addition of a filler material, applied to steel bars for concrete reinforcement. The welding process is described, including the arc ignition and forcing together of the workpieces, via the application of a mechanical force, to form an upset. A new portable machine is described, using which it is possible to apply flux shielded arc welding on site. Experiments were carried out, from which optimum welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, and upsetting force were found. The strength properties of the welded joints obtained were determined via mechanical testing, i.e. a bend test, a tensile strength test, and an impact toughness test. Macroscopic sections of the welded joints were also produced. A quality analysis of the butt welded joints showed that the mechanical properties of the joints were equivalent or even superior to the properties of the parent metal.     

Increasing the reliability of welded joints in high-strength V-1461 aluminium–lithium alloy

Filler materials for welding V-1461 alloy, ensuring high cracking resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, are selected. The results of tests of the welded joints in static tensile loading and bending and the impact toughness of the weld metal and low-cycle fatigue strength are presented. The experimental results show that the application of impact ultrasound treatment increases by an order of magnitude the values of low-cycle fatigue resistance of the welded joints as a result of the formation of the nanostructured surface layers. The level of residual stresses in welded joints is determined.     

9Ni钢自保护药芯焊丝的研制及分析

研制了以Fe-Ni-Mn-Si系为合金系的9Ni钢自保护药芯焊丝. 采用FCAW法在不加保护气体的条件下施焊,并对焊件进行了QLT(淬火+亚温淬火+回火)处理. 通过拉伸试验、低温冲击试验、金相分析、断口扫描等方法研究了焊接接头的力学性能、显微组织和断口形貌. 结果表明,所研制的药芯焊丝焊接接头抗拉强度为709 MPa,屈服强度为580 MPa,断后伸长率为26%,断面收缩率为47%. 力学性能满足9Ni钢的使用要求. 焊缝的组织为细晶铁素体+针状铁素体. QLT处理使焊缝的低温冲击吸收功从48 J/cm2提升至100 J/cm2,能够明显提高焊缝的低温韧性.     

热处理工艺对M390/304 CMT焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响

基于改善M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能特别是提高焊接接头硬度,以达到高端刀具生产的要求,对冷金属过渡焊接M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢获得的焊接接头进行不同工艺的热处理研究.采用拉伸、维氏显微硬度测试及扫描电镜(SEM)表征不同热处理工艺的焊接接头力学性能及微观组织演变,统计了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头中M390母材、M390细晶区和M390粗晶区等区域的碳化物分布,研究了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂机理.研究结果表明,在1 150℃水淬热处理工艺下焊接接头既满足刀具钢硬度的要求,又具有良好的力学性能,可以作为M390/304焊接接头的最佳热处理工艺,对应焊接接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率为502 MPa和20.8%,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别是焊态的98%和95%. 1 150℃水淬热处理工艺的M390母材、细晶区和粗晶区中碳化物平均尺寸最小,碳化物形貌以细小的块状均匀分布.淬火温度升高,抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈现出先下降后升高的趋势,随着冷却速度的减小,抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈现出下降的趋势.不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂位置在M390粗晶区...     

冷喷涂对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头残余应力与力学性能的影响

为了改善铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头残余应力与力学性能,在4 mm厚2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头上表面进行冷喷涂试验,研究分析了冷喷涂前后接头残余应力与力学性能的变化. 结果表明,焊态接头纵向残余应力呈不对称“M”形分布,残余应力峰值位于前进侧靠轴肩附近;冷喷涂后,接头残余应力大幅度降低,残余应力峰值由186 MPa降低至43 MPa.涂层沉积厚度约200 μm,涂层与基体界面产生了较大的塑性变形,基体界面附近组织晶粒得以细化.由于冷喷涂过程的喷丸效应,接头上表面显微硬度平均提高了25 HV,作用深度约1 mm.接头拉伸性能也获得明显改善,抗拉强度提升6.3%,断后伸长率提升78.6%,焊态与冷喷涂态的拉伸试样均在接头前进侧的热影响区附近发生断裂,符合在低硬度区或弱结合面产生裂纹并扩展的弱区断裂的特征.     

承载超声冲击下焊接接头疲劳性能的改善

采用承载超声冲击处理的方法对20号钢T形管接头进行处理,并与原始焊态、非承载冲击处理态试件进行了对比.结果表明,在高应力比R=0.75的加载条件下,与原始焊态接头相比,非承载超声冲击和承载超声冲击的疲劳强度分别提高了23%和70%,疲劳寿命分别延长了1.4倍和5.6～8.5倍.从超声冲击处理区域表层组织、接头焊趾区表层硬度、焊接接头残余应力等方面比较了承载和非承载超声冲击提高焊接接头疲劳性能的异同,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了两种超声冲击处理下焊接接头的应力分布,与非承载冲击处理试件相比,承载冲击处理试件表面压缩应力值大,压缩应力层深.     

Analysis of martensite transformation behaviour in welded joint using low transformation temperature welding wire

Abstract

Low transformation temperature welding (LTTW) wire has been found to improve the fatigue strength in welded joints. In the present study, the temperature dependence of the mechanical properties in a dual phase microstructure of austenite and martensite was estimated using the properties of full austenite and full martensite in numerical analyses. A welding method effective for residual stress reduction and fatigue strength improvement was shown by applying a calculation method under transformation superplasticity and transformation induced plasticity in high strength steel welded joints. With this method, the influence of the welding pass sequence on the residual stress distribution and fatigue strength was examined in a boxing fillet welded joint using LTTW. The transformation tensile residual stress in the weld toe was decreased by sectioned welding, and the fatigue limit by sectioned welding with LTTW improved in comparison with the fatigue limit of a joint welded with conventional wire in the same process.     

300M钢件表面的喷丸强化

针对300M钢材料研究了4种不同喷丸工艺。分别对喷丸层的残余应力、组织结构、显微硬度及其分布和表面粗糙度进行了测试与分析。结果表明,高硬度陶瓷丸在较低的喷丸强度下可以获得较高的残余压应力,且不会大幅度提高表面粗糙度值;钢丝切丸喷丸后虽然得到比较好的残余应力分布,但伴随的是表面粗糙度值的大幅提高;大粒径高强度钢丝喷丸不会使残余压应力水平得到很好的提高,而是会大幅增加粗糙度值;钢丝切丸+陶瓷丸的复合喷丸强化工艺在粗糙度改变不大的前提下,可以获得较好的强化效果和表层组织结构。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-energy shot-peened Mg/Ti weldments

In the present work, high-energy shot-peening treatment was applied to the tungsten inert gas welded–brazed Mg/Ti weldments. The surface characteristics, residual stress distribution, microstructures and mechanical properties of HESP-treated Mg/Ti weldments were investigated. Results revealed that with the optimised peening time of 60?s and the peening pressure of 0.15?MPa, the elimination of surface voids and cracks, high compressive residual stress and surface strain strengthening of joint were introduced in the HESP-treated Mg/Ti weldments. The average tensile strength increased 24.5% to 241?MPa over the joints without HESP treatment (193.5?MPa) and fracture even occurred in the Mg alloy base metal.     

X100高强管线钢CRC全自动焊接工艺技术研究

在对X100高强度管线钢化学成分、力学性能分析的基础上,结合选定的焊接工艺方案,对该管线钢环焊缝焊接接头的强度、冲击韧性、硬度、断裂韧性(CTOD)和抗氢致开裂(HIC)等性能进行试验分析。结果表明,X100高强度管线用钢具有良好的焊接性能,焊接接头的各项性能指标均满足管道运行安全要求,所选用的焊接材料、焊接方法和工艺参数可用于该管材的现场焊接。     

About the role of residual stresses and surface work hardening on fatigue ΔKth of a nitrided and shot peened low-alloy steel

Nitriding and shot peening are surface treatments widely used to improve the fatigue strength of mechanical and structural components. Both treatments enhance the mechanical properties of the surface layer of material: nitriding mainly by means of chemical transformations and formation of a very hard case, shot peening mainly due to compressive residual stress field in the sub-surface layer of material.The combined application of nitriding and shot peening has not been adequately investigated in literature and the known data do not allow to define a general criterion to assess if and when shot peening application after nitriding can be useful. In this paper the effect of nitriding plus shot peening on fatigue strength of a low-alloy steel is investigated by means of experimental tests carried out on specimens containing a micro-hole, acting as a pre-crack. To analyse the role played by shot peening induced residual stresses, a series of specimens was heat-treated after shot peening, being the aim the partial removal of residual stresses without strongly modifying the mechanical properties of the surface layer of material. After a critical discussion of the results in terms of residual stress, micro-hardness trend and fatigue strength, an original fracture mechanics based approach is proposed to predict the threshold value of the stress intensity factor of nitrided and shot peened steels. The results are in good agreement with the experimental evidence.