粉末冶金制备的Ti35Nb2．5Sn5HA生物复合材料的组织与性能研究

采用高能机械球磨和脉冲电流活化烧结方法制备了一种新型的不含Al、V等有毒元素的口钛合金基体的Ti35Nb2．5Sn5HA生物复合材料。研究了不同机械球磨时间球磨的Ti35Nb2．5Sn5HA粉末以及用这几种粉末烧结制备的样品微观组织和显微硬度变化,球磨时间对烧结复合材料的微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明：随着球磨时间的增加,Ti35Nb2．5Sn5HA粉末的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,Nh和Sn开始与Ti发生固溶,形成Ti的过饱和固溶体,而且α-Ti也开始向β-Ti转化。当球磨时间达到12h,球磨粉末中α-Ti完全转化为β-Ti,粉末颗粒的平均尺寸为500nm左右。12h球磨的粉末烧结制备的复合材料具有超细晶粒尺寸,晶粒平均尺寸为200nm,这种复合材料的维氏显微硬度可以达到10187．3MPa。     

粉末冶金Ti-23Al-17Nb的制备及性能

采用热等静压预合金粉末的方法制备了粉末冶金Ti-23Al-17Nb(原子分数)材料,用于试验的Ti-23Al-17Nb预合金粉末是采用气体雾化工艺制备的。研究了不同的热等静压工艺和热处理工艺对其力学性能的影响。测试了热等静压态和热处理后合金的力学性能,并对其微观组织进行观测。结果表明:热等静压后得到的材料虽然组织均匀、细小,但延伸率才达到2.0%;经固溶时效后,在材料的强度变动不大的情况下,材料的延伸率提高到了4.3%。经不同的固溶时效之后,材料的力学性能差异较大。     

TA7ELI粉末冶金材料力学性能与显微组织

以TA7 ELI钛合金棒为原料,用等离子旋转电极工艺制备出高品质钛合金球形粉末.采用热等静压成形工艺,将粉末压制成钛合金材料,并研究了材料的组织和力学性能.结果表明:等离子旋转电极工艺制备的钛合金球形粉末具有非常高的球形度和振实密度,粒度分布比较窄,非金属夹杂含量非常低;热等静压制备的低温钛合金达到全致密,其组织均匀细...     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Argon Atomized Aluminum-Lithium Powder Metallurgy Alloys

Aluminum-lithium and aluminum-copper-lithium alloy powders were prepared by argon gas atomization. The powders were consolidated by hot pressing and extruded into flat bar. Tensile and impact properties were determined on the extrusions. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the extruded microstructures while scanning microscopy was used for the examination of fracture surfaces. The aluminum-lithium alloys showed higher moduli, lower densities, and reduced toughness and elongation compared to conventional aluminum alloys. The loss of toughness was particularly pronounced above 3 pct Li.     

Microstructure, Properties and Heat Treatment Process of Powder Metallurgy Superalloy FGH95

 Microstructure and properties of nickel based powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy were presented. Effects of nonmetallic inclusions and heat treatment on microstructure and properties were discussed. Development tendency of microstructure and properties of PM superalloy was presented.     

On the Influence of Alloy Composition on the Additive Manufacturability of Ni-Based Superalloys

The susceptibility of nickel-based superalloys to processing-induced crack formation during laser powder-bed additive manufacturing is studied. Twelve different alloys—some of existing (heritage) type but also other newly-designed ones—are considered. A strong inter-dependence of alloy composition and processability is demonstrated. Stereological procedures are developed to enable the two dominant defect types found—solidification cracks and solid-state ductility dip cracks—to be distinguished and quantified. Differential scanning calorimetry, creep stress relaxation tests at 1000 °C and measurements of tensile ductility at 800 °C are used to interpret the effects of alloy composition. A model for solid-state cracking is proposed, based on an incapacity to relax the thermal stress arising from constrained differential thermal contraction; its development is supported by experimental measurements using a constrained bar cooling test. A modified solidification cracking criterion is proposed based upon solidification range but including also a contribution from the stress relaxation effect. This work provides fundamental insights into the role of composition on the additive manufacturability of these materials.

     

Effects of a High Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys During Directional Solidification

High magnetic fields are widely used to improve the microstructure and properties of materials during the solidification process. During the preparation of single-crystal turbine blades, the microstructure of the superalloy is the main factor that determines its mechanical properties. In this work, the effects of a high magnetic field on the microstructure of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys PWA1483 and CMSX-4 during directional solidification were investigated experimentally. The results showed that the magnetic field modified the primary dendrite arm spacing, γ′ phase size, and microsegregation of the superalloys. In addition, the size and volume fractions of γ/γ′ eutectic and the microporosity were decreased in a high magnetic field. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the effect of a high magnetic field on the microstructure during directional solidification was significant (p < 0.05). Based on both experimental results and theoretical analysis, the modification of microstructure was attributed to thermoelectric magnetic convection occurring in the interdendritic regions under a high magnetic field. The present work provides a new method to optimize the microstructure of Ni-based single-crystal superalloy blades by applying a high magnetic field.     

FGH96镍基粉末高温合金的组织和性能

采用等离子旋转电极法制备FGH96合金粉末,研究了用两种不同成形工艺制备的合金的组织和性能,同时对FGH96粉末高温合金的持久断裂行为和裂纹扩展速率进行了分析和研究。     

粉末冶金工艺对大块非晶合金性能的影响

阐述了粉末冶金工艺参数对大块非晶性能的影响。通过在过冷温度区间进行超塑性成形，可以将非晶粉末固结成形为致密的大尺寸的非晶合金。在过冷温度区间进行超塑性成形时，压头的速度Ve，压头压力F，挤压比r，以及挤压过程中的温升△Te等工艺参数对大块非晶合金的成形性及随后的性能具有重要的影响。与直接凝固制备大块非晶的方法相比，该方法可以在非晶形成能力(GFA)相对较低的合金中获得较大尺寸的非晶合金。     

On the Occurrence of Liquation During Linear Friction Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys

A combination of experimental and analytical methods was used to study the possible occurrence of liquation during LFW of the newly developed AD730^TM Ni-based superalloy. LFWed joints were produced using a semi-industrial size facility and the interfaces of the joints as well as the ejected flash were examined using optical and Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM). Physical simulation of the LFW thermal cycle, using thermomechanical simulator Gleeble™ 3800, showed that incipient melting started from 1473 K (1200 °C). The analytical model, calibrated by experiments, predicted that the highest temperature of the interface was about 1523 K (1250 °C). The constitutive equations based on lattice and pipe diffusion models were developed to quantify the self-diffusivity of the elements and control the extent of liquation by considering the effect of LFW process parameters. Analytical results show that the application of compressive stresses during LFW results in 25 times increase in the diffusion of Ni atoms at the weld interface. Therefore, no presence of re-solidified phases, i.e., occurrence of liquation, was observed in the microstructure of the weld zone or the flash in the present study. Based on the obtained results, a methodology was developed for designing the optimum pressure above which no liquation, and hence cracking, will be observable.

     

成型压力对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

研究成型压力对铜基摩擦材料显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,铜基摩擦材料的密度随成型压力的增加基本保持不变;随着成型压力的增加,孔隙率明显降低,致密度提高。当成型压力从60t增加到100t时,铜基摩擦材料的硬度明显提高,当成型压力继续增加时,硬度出现下降趋势;铜基摩擦材料的摩擦系数随着成型压力的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势。在成型压力为100t时,铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料的综合性能最佳。     

Effect of Powder Particle Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Ni-Based P/M Superalloy Product

Thepowderparticleproducedbytheplasmaro tationelectrodeprocess (PREP)hassmootherandcleanersurfaces ,lowergascontent ,narrowerdistri butionofparticlesizeandbetterphysicalproperties .Ithasbeenusedtomakethepartsofadvancedair craftenginesandotherproducts .ThecurrentyieldoftheNi basedsuperalloypowderwithdifferentsizedistributionisshowninFig 1.　　Inordertoreducecost ,simplify processandguaranteeproductquality ,itisnecessarythoroughlytostudyphysicalcharacteristics ,microstructureandpropertiesofthep…     

返回次数对镍基K4169合金组织及性能的影响

采用50%返回料+50%新料的新工艺熔炼镍基K4169合金,进行了4次返回料的熔炼试验。采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜对新料合金及返回料合金的微观形貌进行了观察,用直读光谱仪对不同返回次数的合金进行了化学成分分析、对其力学和持久性能进行测试,研究了返回料熔炼对合金化学成分、微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随返回次数增加,化学成分无明显变化,合金的气体含量略呈下降趋势且总含量低于40×10-6,返回料冶炼过程中可不添加B和Zr。K4169合金凝固组织为典型枝晶结构,返回料对K4169合金的铸态枝晶组织没有明显影响。MC型碳化物及Laves相在热处理过程中部分分解,析出针片状δ相,在所有元素中,Nb的偏析最为严重,通过适当延长固溶处理时间可提高元素Nb的分布均匀性和抑制δ相的生成。返回料合金的室温拉伸强度及屈服强度随返回次数增加略有增加,合金的持久寿命较新料合金略有降低,但均明显超过现有技术标准规定的要求。熔炼的返回料合金具有良好的中温塑性,总体上与新料的质量水平相当。返回料合金的铸造性能与新料相当,可以代替新料用于铸件生产。     

Microstructure,Tensile Properties,and Hot-Working Characteristics of a Hot Isostatic-Pressed Powder Metallurgy Superalloy

A series of microstructure observation, tensile, and hot compression tests were conducted to investigate the variation of microstructure, tensile properties, and hot-working characteristics of a powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy with hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) temperature, to establish a basis for the parameter selection for PM superalloy preparation. The results show that the dendritic structure from the powder was not completely removed until the HIPing temperature is above the γ′ solvus; γ/γ′ eutectic formed when the powder particles were HIPed at 1533 K (1260 °C) or above. Prior particle boundaries (PPBs) were observed in alloys HIPed at 1513 K (1240 °C) and below; the PPB decoration is serious in alloys HIPed at 1483 K and 1513 K (1210 °C and 1240 °C), owing to melting and aggregation of the boride phase at the particle boundaries during HIPing; the PPBs were eliminated when the HIPing was done at 1533 K (1260 °C) or above. Tensile fracture mode of the alloy changes from inter-particle and transgranular mixed fracture to transgranular fracture with increasing HIPing temperature, which is in accordance with the change in precipitate distribution at the PPBs. The hot workability of alloy is poor for all combinations of HIPing/deformation conditions except for HIPing at sub-solvus temperature and deformation at low strain rates.

     

Comparison of Thermodynamic Predictions and Experimental Observations on B Additions in Powder-Processed Ni-Based Superalloys Containing Elevated Concentrations of Nb

Boron additions to Ni-based superalloys are considered to be beneficial to the creep properties of the alloy, as boron has often been reported to increase grain boundary cohesion, increase ductility, and promote the formation of stable boride phases. Despite the importance, it is not well understood whether these improvements are associated with the presence of elemental boron or stable borides along the grain boundaries. In this investigation, two experimental powder-processed Ni-based superalloys containing elevated levels of Nb were found to exhibit increased solubility for B in the γ matrix when compared to similar commercial Ni-based superalloys. This resulted in an overall lower B concentration at grain boundaries that suppressed boride formation. As the predictive capability of CALPHAD database models for Ni-based superalloys have improved over the years, some discrepancies may still persist around compositionally heterogeneous features such as grain boundaries. Improved quantification of the characteristic partitioning of B as a function of the bulk alloy composition is required for understanding and predicting the stability of borides.     

镍基合金表面激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金的组织与性能

在镍基合金上激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金，制备了单层、多层试样和工件。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和高温电炉，对熔覆层的组织、相结构、硬度及抗氧化性进行了测试和分析。结果表明：熔覆层的组成相有γ-Co，Ni2Y和Cr3Ni2Sic，熔覆层的氧化物为CoAl2O4，Al2O3，CoNiO2，NiCr2O4，CoCr2O4；单层熔覆层组织细小致密；由于预热的作用，搭接熔覆的组织较粗大；界面处的结晶方向垂直于界面，层问、两道之间搭接区、重熔区和多层熔覆的近表面组织有等轴化的倾向；熔覆层具有较高的硬度，加入稀土元素Y，可以增大氧化物的表面附着力、改善熔覆层的抗氧化性能；熔覆层在1100℃是抗氧化的。     

Effect of Microstructure on Electrical Conductivity of Nickel-Base Superalloys

Eddy current spectroscopy is one of the promising non-destructive methods for residual stress evaluation along the depth of subsurface-treated nickel-base superalloys, but it is limited by its sensitivity to microstructure. This paper studies the influence of microstructure on the electrical conductivity of two nickel-base alloys, RR1000 and IN100. Different microstructures were attained using heat treatment cycles ranging from solution annealing to aging, with varying aging time and temperature. Eddy current conductivity was measured using conductivity probes of frequencies ranging between 1 and 5 MHz. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the microstructure was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. For the heat treatment conditions between the solution annealing and the peak aging, the electrical conductivity of RR1000 increased by 6.5 pct, which is duly substantiated by the corresponding increase in hardness (12 pct) and the volume fraction of γ′ precipitates (41 pct). A similar conductivity rise of 2.6 pct for IN100 is in agreement with the increased volume fraction of γ′ precipitates (12.5 pct) despite an insignificant hardening between the heat treatment conditions. The observed results with RR1000 and IN100 highlight the sensitivity of electrical conductivity to the minor microstructure variations, especially the volume fraction of γ′ precipitates, within the materials.     

Effect of Nb on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Non-magnetic High Manganese Steel

Microstructure and mechanical properties of two kinds of non-magnetic high manganese steels with and without Nb addition which experienced the same rolling and heating treatment were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy,electron back-scattered diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and tensile test.It was found that the microstructure of the high manganese steel was refined by the Nb addition.Moreover,steel with Nb addition has a higher stacking fault energy which favors the deformation twinning.Twinning is the most important deformation mechanism in the Nb-bearing steel.Therefore,steel with Nb addition has much higher strength and higher plasticity.The product of tensile strength and total elongation exceeds 61.8 GPa·%.In addition,steel with Nb addition also has excellent non-magnetic property.     

Heat-Treatment Effects on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Modified with Boron

The Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloys modified with two levels of boron (1B and 1.7B (wt pct)) representing hypoeutectic and hypereutectic compositions, produced via a prealloyed powder metallurgy approach, were subjected to various standard heat treatments of Ti-64 to study the microstructural evolution and its influence on tensile properties. Boron-modified Ti-64 (Ti-64B) alloys exhibited differences in microstructural response to heat treatment compared to that of Ti-64 due to variations in constituent phase fractions and the influence of TiB on the beta-to-alpha phase transformation kinetics. The tensile elastic modulus of Ti-64B alloys increased nearly linearly with the boron content (or TiB volume fraction) and the increase could be satisfactorily predicted with an isostrain rule of mixtures (ROMs) and the Halpin–Tsai model. The Ti-64-1B possessed a good combination of tensile strength (1200 to1370 MPa) and ductility (10 to 13 pct), while Ti-64-1.7B exhibited high strength (1300 to 1695 MPa) and modest ductility (2 to 3.5 pct). Coarse primary TiB particles present in Ti-64-1.7B were found to initiate premature failure. Strength modeling revealed that load sharing by the micron-sized TiB whiskers provides the major contribution for the increase in yield strength.