用微生物挑战性试验考察一种新型复合防腐剂在化妆品中的防腐效果

目的考察一种新型复合防腐剂在化妆品基质中的作用效果。方法采用微生物挑战性实验验证复合防腐剂对微生物的抑菌能力。结果由含量分别为0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、Euxyl K220及Euxyl PE9010复配而成的复合防腐剂对抑制细菌、霉菌效果优良。结论应用于化妆品基质中的新型复合防腐剂:0.05%甲酯、0.10%Euxyl K220、0.20%Euxyl PE9010抑菌效果优良,通过了挑战性实验。根据化妆品的配方结合实际情况,该种新型复合防腐剂可行性很强。     

几种复合防腐剂在化妆品中的防腐效果及评价

目的考察不同复配比的防腐剂在化妆品基质中的作用效果,寻求一种新型复合防腐剂。方法采用微生物挑战性实验验证复合防腐剂对微生物的抑菌能力。结果在面膜液基质中,对羟基苯甲酸酯类复配而成的复合防腐剂对抑制细菌效果较好,抑制霉菌效果较弱。对羟基苯甲酸酯类及苯氧乙醇复配而成的复合防腐剂抑菌效果较好。在粉底霜基质中,由含量分别为0.20%、0.10%和0.20%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯及苯氧乙醇复配而成的复合防腐剂对抑制细菌、霉菌效果达到最好且含量相对较低,为最优复合防腐剂。结论应用于面膜基质液和粉底霜基质液的复合防腐剂:0.12%甲酯、0.02%丙酯、0.3%的苯氧乙醇和0.20%甲酯、0.1%丙酯、0.2%苯氧乙醇通过了挑战性实验。根据化妆品的配方结合实际情况,该两种新型复合防腐剂可行性强。     

一种新型防腐体系的效能研究

化妆品防腐剂正越来越被大家所关注.欧盟和美国已经开始重新评估现有防腐剂的安全性.与此同时,更多的化妆品生产商希望走向全球市场.但是公众关于传统化妆品用防腐剂的争论限制了配方师在配方设计时的选择.大家开始把目光投向新的防腐替代产品.一种新的防腐概念,Euxyl PE(R) 9010满足了市场的需求.此文通过微生物实验证明了Euxyl PE(R) 9010的防腐效果.     

高效液相色谱法测定不同形态化妆品中的5种防腐剂

建立了准确、灵敏测定不同形态化妆品中5种防腐剂(苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯)含量的反相高效液相色谱方法。采用Phenomenex Luna C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇(A)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm。结果表明,5种防腐剂在16 min内达到基线分离;各防腐剂的峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数≥0.994,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤2.9%,样品加标回收率为94.5%～102.0%。对不同形态的化妆品采用不同的前处理方法,10种化妆品中防腐剂的测定结果表明,苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯在化妆品中较为常见,其中苯氧乙醇在所测的化妆品中添加浓度最高。该方法操作简便,具有较高的精密度和稳定性,适用于市售化妆品的检测。     

一种用于快速评价防腐体系效果的半定量挑战性试验方法及试验结果分析

介绍了一种半定量微生物挑战性试验方法（kokotest）,该方法选取了7株细菌．1株酵母菌．2株霉菌作为试验菌株,对防腐剂组成为：0．0095％甲基异噻唑啉N（MIT）、0．2％对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MP）、0.1％对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PP）的3款产品进行防腐效能检测,同时采用美国药典方法（USP方法）和国际化妆品、香精和洗涤剂协会方法（CTFA方法）进行验证,通过28天的试验,我们发现该挑战性试验方法试验结论可靠,可行性好,操作更为便捷。     

祛痘类化妆品中14种防腐剂使用情况调查

为了解祛痘类化妆品中防腐剂的使用情况,对110批市售祛痘类化妆品中14种常用防腐剂进行测定并分析。结果检出12种防腐剂,其中4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯氧乙醇使用率位居前三,76.3%的样品采用复配防腐剂体系,有12批样品水杨酸、邻伞花烃-5-醇和己脒定超限值,5批含有三氯生。提示市售祛痘类化妆品可能存在协同利用防腐剂抑菌防腐功能的倾向,超限量、超范围使用防腐剂,建议加强祛痘类化妆品中防腐剂的监管。     

HPLC法同时测定化妆品中的12种防腐剂

建立了化妆品中12种常用防腐剂(甲基氯异噻唑啉酮、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、甲基异噻唑啉酮、苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯)的HPLC检测方法。采用Waters symmetry(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)磷酸,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,DAD检测器,以各物质的紫外光谱数据和保留时间定性。检测波长设定为:甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮在280 nm检测,其余成分在254 nm检测。结果发现,在所建立的方法下,12种防腐剂的分离度良好、线性范围广、准确度高。     

GC-MS/MS分析化妆品中的防腐剂

建立了化妆品中防腐剂:苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的GC-MS/MS分析方法。化妆品样品经异丙醇超声波萃取,除去水分后,DB-5MS(30m×0.32mm×0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱分离,多反应监测(MRM)的扫描方式定性、定量测定。苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的检测限分别为:0.05μg/g,0.02μg/g,0.01μg/g,0.01μg/g,0.01μg/g,0.01μg/g,相对标准偏差<8%,0.5μg/g的加标回收率为:86.8%～113.7%,线性范围为:0.1～10μg/g,线性相关系数>0.993。     

一例日沟维肠杆菌污染化妆品情况分析

按照《化妆品安全技术规范》（2015年版）对1批化妆品中菌落总数和6批化妆品中防腐剂进行检测;用VITEK MS微生物质谱检测系统和16s rRNA基因测序对化妆品中的污染菌进行鉴定;每月转接一次观察日沟维肠杆菌置常温条件下存活情况;用日沟维肠杆菌对5批次含羟苯甲酯的化妆品进行防腐剂挑战试验。结果显示,1批菌落总数超标的化妆品,其污染菌鉴定为日沟维肠杆菌,该批化妆品使用的防腐剂含量为0.15%羟苯甲酯。日沟维肠杆菌在常温营养条件较好的情况下可存活10个月以上。羟苯甲酯含量为0.2%的3批化妆品和羟苯甲酯含量为0.1%+双咪唑烷基脲1批化妆品通过了日沟维肠杆菌防腐剂挑战试验。羟苯甲酯含量为0.1%的化妆品未通过日沟维肠杆菌防腐剂挑战试验。日沟维肠杆菌对化妆品中常用防腐剂羟苯甲酯具有耐药性,选择该类防腐剂时推荐使用日沟维肠杆菌进行防腐剂挑战试验判定其适用性。     

复合防腐剂在儿童化妆品中抑菌效果的研究

文章分别将尼泊金甲酯和植物精油与甲基异噻唑啉酮复配,比较这两种类型的复合防腐剂在儿童化妆品中的抑菌效果。证明了植物精油与甲基异噻唑啉酮复配所得复合防腐剂能在加入量较少时将有较好的抑菌效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。