热循环对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药性能的影响研究

在-40-＋75℃条件下对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药进行了热循环试验，并在试验前后对炸药试件的尺寸、力学性能及爆轰性能进行了测试。结果表明：TATB基高聚物粘结炸药在热循环后尺寸出现了长大，随着循环次数的增加，其尺寸长大的速率明显变缓；由于界面脱粘，其模量、强度和蠕变性能在热循环后也出现了一定程度的下降；热循环试验后，TATB基高聚物粘结炸药试件的孔隙率增大，其冲击波感度略有升高，但其爆速变化不明显。     

HMX/TATB高聚物粘结炸药的热性能研究

用DSC和小药量固体炸药热爆炸临界温度法测定了以HMX／TATB为基的高聚物粘结炸药的热性能,研究了TATB、含氟粘结剂、铝粉、石蜡等组分对HMX热感度的影响。结果表明,单质TATB炸药只有一个放热峰,而TATB炸药中加入5％粘结剂后两个放热峰。在HMX／TATB高聚物粘结炸药配方中,当HMX含量达到40％以上时,DSC峰温与HMX峰温接近,TATB含量对HMX的1000s热爆炸临界温度有较大影响,当TATB含量在80％左右时,热爆炸临界温度显著提高。     

TATB基PBX界面粘结改善研究进展

对近年来提高和改善TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)界面粘结的方法进行了综述,从TATB特殊的分子结构出发,讨论了粘结剂的选择以及界面之间相互作用的评估,从理论模拟的角度分析了氟聚合物与TATB间的相互作用。重点阐述了炸药表面改性、偶联剂对界面改善的影响。指出了重点发展的三个方向:粘结剂结构设计、偶联剂加入、新型包覆方法。     

热老化对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药力学性能的影响

对某TATB基高聚粘结炸药(PBX)进行了55～75℃加速老化试验,并对老化前后的样品进行了不同温度下压缩性能、拉伸性能和弯曲蠕变实验,用扫描电子显微镜对老化前后炸药高温拉伸断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:长期高温贮存后,TATB基高聚物粘结炸药晶体与粘合剂仍具有良好的粘合界面,其模量、破坏强度、破坏应变和稳态蠕变速率等力学性能指标均未发生明显的变化。     

HMX基PBX试件的热安全性及与高分子材料的相容性

采用自主研制的化学反应性试验在线检测系统,对HMX基高聚物粘结炸药试件的热安全性及与接触材料(硅泡沫垫层和聚氨酯粘接胶)的相容性进行了研究.结果表明,HMX基高聚物粘结炸药试件有较好的热稳定性.100℃下受热1.15个月的CO2和N2O的逸出量达0.1 mL·g-1.与HMX基高聚物粘结炸药试件相比,HMX基高聚物粘结...     

TATB基PBX的快速烤燃实验与数值模拟

根据TATB基高聚物黏结炸药(TATB基PBX)异常环境安全性特点(例如导弹发射失败),采用固体推进剂作为燃料开展了带2 mm厚约束钢壳的TATB基PBX快速烤燃小尺寸实验,模拟推进剂燃烧时具有一定约束炸药的响应情况,并且利用实验得到的炸药表面热流通量作为边界条件,采用高阶有限元法对炸药样品升温过程进行了数值模拟。实验中测量了炸药表面温度随时间变化情况,利用温度数据和Duhamel叠加原理计算得到炸药表面平均热流通量在其点火前为19.17 kW.m-2,在此平均热流通量条件下,带2 mm厚约束钢壳的TATB基PBX点火反应时间为95 s。研究结果表明,固体推进剂燃烧会在短时间内引起TATB基PBX点火燃烧反应,但不会发生猛烈的爆燃或爆轰现象。     

孔隙对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药有效弹性模量的影响

采用代表体积单元(RVE)建模方法,建立了与实际TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)微观结构近似的有限元计算模型,该模型可以生成炸药颗粒和孔隙随机分布、填充率和孔隙率任意调整的二维RVE。并采用该模型研究了孔隙大小、空间分布和孔隙率对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量的影响。结果表明:粘结剂内孔隙使得TATB基PBX在外载荷作用下易于变形,TATB基PBX的有效弹性模量显著减小,随着孔隙率增加,有效弹性模量呈指数减小;孔隙的空间分布对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响较大,当孔隙分布在粘结剂与炸药晶体之间界面时,容易造成粘结界面破裂而导致有效弹性模量显著下降,下降幅度超过50%;但孔隙的大小对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响不大。     

用正电子湮没寿命谱研究热处理对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药微结构的影响

用正电子湮没寿命谱仪测试了TATB基高聚物粘结炸药在热处理前后的正电子湮没寿命谱，并就热处理对其内部微结构的影响进行了探讨和分析。结果表明：正电子在TATB基PBX中的湮没模式主要为自由态湮没和捕获态湮没，热处理后其内部微孔隙的数量明显减少，但孔隙的平均尺寸却出现了一定程度的增大。     

热老化及辐照对TATB基PBX热膨胀性能的影响

为了掌握TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)件受热及辐照环境影响后的尺寸稳定性情况,研究了该PBX经高温老化、γ及中子辐照实验后的热膨胀性能。结果表明,经高温55℃、65℃和75℃老化60 d后,该TATB基PBX热膨胀系数出现了下降,且热老化温度越高,热膨胀系数越小,但经一定条件下的γ及中子辐照环境试验后,其热膨胀性能却无明显变化。     

TATB基高聚物粘结炸药高温力学性能

为分析TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)在高温状态下的性能变化,对该高聚物粘结炸药在不同温度下的压缩性能、拉伸性能、蠕变性能及泊松比进行了测试,并采用扫描电子显微镜对其高温蠕变断面形貌进行了观察。结果表明,该高聚物粘结炸药的压缩强度、拉伸强度、抗蠕变持久应力及持久时间均随温度升高而降低,其泊松比随温度升高无明显变化; 在高温70 ℃、拉伸应力为3 MPa下,该PBX拉伸蠕变破坏模式主要为炸药颗粒与粘结剂脱粘,而在相同拉伸应力、温度为50 ℃和60 ℃下,其拉伸蠕变破坏模式还表现为炸药颗粒断裂。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.