纤维宝在肉制品中的应用

纤维宝在肉制品中的应用张才林朱雪卿（中国肉类食品综合研究中心，北京１０００７５）随着人们对食品保健意识的增强，西方某些国家的肉制品厂家开发了一种降低脂肪与热量的高纤维的肉制品，即在肉制品中添加０．５－２％纤维宝。一、纤维宝是什么？小麦在特殊热加工过程...     

微生物对肉制品发酵的影响研究进展

微生物对发酵肉制品的风味形成和营养价值有巨大的贡献,分离鉴定发酵肉制品中的关键微生物,开发新型发酵剂,是推动发酵肉制品发展的重要技术保障。本文主要介绍发酵肉制品的种类及其优势微生物的研究现状,对微生物在发酵肉制品中的作用机制进行综述,并展望未来发酵肉制品的发展,以期为发酵肉制品的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

新型肉制品研究进展

新型肉制品的开发及推广是目前很多企业研究的主要方向,它能代替传统肉制品给人们提供必需的营养物质,同时避免传统肉制品存在的不足,易被消费者重视。分别对国内外近五年内发酵类肉制品优良菌株的选择、辅助物质的添加及加工技术的应用,非发酵肉制品中低盐肉制品、低脂肉制品,降低盐、脂肪含量的方法及高新技术等进行了综述,为新型肉制品的发展改进提供参考。     

肉制品的发展趋势

本文通过分析我国近年来肉制品尤其是熟肉制品的发展现状,对肉制品加工中存在的问题、如何保证肉制品的安全性和肉制品发展趋势以及新型营养肉制品的开发等方面做了简单的介绍。     

功能性肉制品开发研究进展

本文在概述国内外功能性肉制品发展现状的基础上,介绍了受到国际上关注的可用于功能性肉制品开发的生物活性成分,并对各种功能性肉制品在开发中的技术难点进行了简述。     

低盐低脂功能性肉制品的研究进展

我国是世界上肉制品生产的第一大国,同时也是肉制品消费总量最多的国家。近年来大量研究表明过量食用红肉及加工肉制品会增加罹患慢性疾病的风险,低盐低脂功能性肉制品的开发受到重视。本文主要综述了低盐低脂功能性肉制品的开发研究进展,并指出功能性肉制品发展中存在的局限性,以期为功能性肉制品的研究和开发提供理论参考。      

低脂肉制品的开发

说明了低脂肉制品的概念和市场需求,着重阐述了低脂肉制品的开发途径。     

促进肉制品安全增强国际竞争力

肉制品生产安全技术升级 2004年7月,国家"十五"攻关课题"冷却肉加工关键技术研究与新产品开发"和"发酵肉制品加工关键技术研究与新产品开发"项目在中国农业大学通过了专家鉴定.这两项技术的研制成功将改变我国肉制品品种数量少,保存时间短,质量稳定性差的现状,使肉制品的加工生产产业化、规模化."冷却肉加工关键技术研究与新产品开发"技术的生产工艺流程和质量管理体系、冷却肉综合保鲜、护色和包装技术、冷却肉汁液流失控制技术均达到了国际先进水平."发酵肉制品加工关键技术研究与新产品开发"实现了肉用优良微生物菌种的筛选、发酵剂的研制与产业化开发、发酵肉制品加工工艺与新产品开发等公关研究,为今后发酵肉制品在我国的发展打下了良好的应用基础.     

功能保健肉制品的开发方向及种类

论述了功能保健肉制品开发应用的意义及其开发的方向，介绍了功能保健肉制品的种类。     

复合果蔬肉制品研究与应用进展

为促进肉制品生产的多样性并同时拓展果蔬的应用领域,使得肉制品营养、保健、色泽诱人且口味独特,在肉制品的加工中添加果蔬形成复合果蔬肉制品,已经成为肉制品发展的一个新方向,开发及应用前景广阔。果蔬的添加形式与添加量、工艺路线等因产品形式不同而异。本文综述了近年来复合果蔬肉制品的研究进展情况,包括原料研究、新产品的开发、关键技术研究、研究与应用存在的一些主要问题及应对策略,以期为肉类深加工、果蔬的充分利用及高档复合肉制品的开发提供借鉴参考。      

Meat as a functional food with special reference to probiotic sausages

Consumers believe that foods are associated directly to their health. Today foods are not only used to satisfy our hunger but also to provide indispensible nutrients for humans and these nutrients having the health benefits regarding in controlling the diseases. The market for functional foods has seen a sharp rise in demand in the recent years. This has driven researchers to multiply their efforts in producing functional meat products also. Feed manipulation and post-mortem modification of meat coupled with enrichment of bioactive compounds are gaining importance. This review discusses the candidate ingredients and strategies, utilized in crafting such functional meat products, and the notable developments and commercial successes in functional meat industry. Dry fermented sausages meet the conditions required to carry viable probiotic microbes. This article enlists various microorganisms that are being commercially used in functional food products and potential bacteria for probiotic sausage production.     

The role of rabbit meat as functional food

Increasing consumer knowledge of the link between diet and health has raised the awareness and demand for functional food ingredients. Meat and its derivatives may be considered functional foods to the extent that they contain numerous compounds thought to be functional. This review will attempt to outline the excellent nutritional and dietetic properties of rabbit meat and offer an overview of the studies performed on the strategies adopted to improve the functional value of rabbit meat. Dietary manipulation has been seen to be very effective in increasing the levels of essential FA, EPA, DHA, CLA, branched chain FA, vitamin E, and selenium in rabbit meat. Dietary fortification with vitamin E or natural products such as oregano essential oil, chia seed oil, and Spirulina platensis microalga seem promising in improving the oxidative stability of rabbit meat while also adding functional ingredients.     

Improving functional value of meat products

In recent years, much attention has been paid to develop meat and meat products with physiological functions to promote health conditions and prevent the risk of diseases. This review focuses on strategies to improve the functional value of meat and meat products. Value improvement can be realized by adding functional compounds including conjugated linoneleic acid, vitamin E, n3 fatty acids and selenium in animal diets to improve animal production, carcass composition and fresh meat quality. In addition, functional ingredients such as vegetable proteins, dietary fibers, herbs and spices, and lactic acid bacteria can be directly incorporated into meat products during processing to improve their functional value for consumers. Functional compounds, especially peptides, can also be generated from meat and meat products during processing such as fermentation, curing and aging, and enzymatic hydrolysis. This review further discusses the current status, consumer acceptance, and market for functional foods from the global viewpoints. Future prospects for functional meat and meat products are also discussed.     

Environmental Impact of Meat Industry – Current Status and Future Perspectives

This paper gives an overview of the environmental impact of the meat chain. This industry has a significant impact on the environment and current scientific research outlines three main perspectives – product-based using life cycle assessment as a tool; process-based exploring the main environmental aspects and; systems–based, analyzing the rationale for environmental management. Environmental impacts influence three dimensions – climate change, consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution. Future research should focus on environmental impacts of the meat chain expressed in terms of existing and newly developed environmental indicators and identifying solutions for decreasing the overall environmental impact.     

红肉中N-羟乙酰神经氨酸解离方法的研究进展

免疫原性的N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(N-glycolylneuraminic acid,Neu5Gc)属于致癌的高风险物质,人体中的Neu5Gc主要是通过红肉的摄入而在人体内积累,因此,N-羟乙酰神经氨酸的致癌性又将红肉的安全隐患问题推上了新的高度,探索屠宰前后Neu5Gc安全稳妥的解离方法以及解离机制势在必行。本文简要介绍了Neu5Gc的来源及其结构,通过国外学者对Neu5Gc的研究,揭示了Neu5Gc对人体潜在的致癌性危害,总结了国内外关于Neu5Gc解离方法的研究现状,并对采用分子模拟方法精准预测Neu5Gc的键解离能并获取红肉中Neu5Gc的动力学变化信息研究的可行性进行了讨论。本研究旨在为肉类研究及其生产领域探索促进非人源Neu5Gc解离的方法提供理论支撑,并充分展示其在肉类研究领域的研究价值。     

Inulin-based emulsion-filled gel as a fat replacer in prebiotic- and PUFA-enriched dry fermented sausages

In order to produce fermented sausages with prebiotic fibre and improved fatty acid composition, 16% of pork back fat was replaced with inulin gelled suspension (I) and inulin linseed oil gelled emulsion (IO). Physico-chemical analysis, fatty acid profiles, lipid oxidation, microbiological, textural, colour and sensory analysis were carried out. The fat content was lower in I (31.38%) and IO (35.36%) modified sausages compared to control (44.37%) (P < 0.05). IO sausages had lower SFA and MUFA and higher PUFA content with an improved n-6/n-3 ratio (2.23) (P < 0.05) and α-linolenic acid increment (5.74 g per 100 g). Reformulation led to decrease in springiness, chewiness and hardness and increase in adhesiveness of the sausages. Modified sausages had lower L* and higher a* values, while b* values of I sausages did not differ compared to control sausages. Modified sausages were acceptable regarding all sensory attributes. Lipid oxidation parameters showed higher susceptibility to oxidation and lipolysis in IO sausages.     

Effect of Inoculation with Probiotics and Ageing Time on Selected Functional Properties and Oxidation of Proteins in Dry-Cured Pork Loins

The effect of inoculation with a probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ?OCK 0900 on changes in selected functional properties and protein oxidation of dry-cured pork loins during ageing was studied. The protein carbonyls content tended to increase significantly (p < 0.05) throughout ageing to reach a maximum level which was approximately two-fold the initial level in both samples. No statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in carbonyl content were found between the control sample and sample inoculated with L. casei. The passage of ageing time was coupled with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides concentration in examined loins. Inoculation with a probiotic strain did not have an influence on trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides concentration during the shortest ageing period. Results of measurements carried out for the control sample after 21 and 28 days of ageing were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those obtained for the sample inoculated with L. casei ?OCK 0900. Free α-amino acids content in both samples increased continuously with increasing ageing time (p < 0.05). Inoculation of loins with a probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ?OCK 0900 resulted in significantly higher peptides and free amino acids content. These differences might affect their organoleptic characteristics that need further investigations.     

加工肉制品中杂环胺的研究进展

杂环胺(heterocyclic amines,HAs)是一类致癌致突变的多环芳香族化合物,通常在肉类等富含蛋白质的食品原料的热处理过程中产生,能通过其环外游离氨基与DNA反应生成加合物而产生致癌致突变毒性。当前,肉类产品加工过程中杂环胺的生成及控制已逐渐成为食品安全领域研究的热点。本文阐述了杂环胺的结构、分类和生物毒性,探讨分析了肉制品加工过程中杂环胺的形成路径和机制,总结了近年来杂环胺抑制方法的研究进展,并对利用模拟体系与先进检测技术探索杂环胺形成机制的研究进行了展望。     

植物精油纳米包埋技术的作用机制及其在肉品保鲜中的应用

肉中含有丰富的营养物质且水分活度高,在运输贮藏及销售过程中极易被氧化和腐败变质。因此,肉品保鲜成为食品工业的一大挑战。植物精油作为天然的食品防腐保鲜剂,具有良好的抑菌、抗氧化功效,在肉品保鲜领域具有一定的潜力。但因其水溶性和稳定性较差,限制了在肉品保鲜领域的广泛应用。本文综述了植物精油的抗菌和抗氧化能力及作为肉品保鲜剂所面临的问题、纳米包埋植物精油的方法及对食源性微生物的作用机制。本文通过对纳米包埋植物精油的开发和应用进行展望,为探究新型肉品保鲜剂提供参考。

     

Exploiting microorganisms to develop improved functional meat sausages: A review

In recent years, much attention has been paid to physiological functions of foods due to increasing concerns for human health. Accordingly, several meat-based bioactive compounds have been studied as potential health-promoting substances. Among these emphasizing activities, one possible approach is deploying microorganisms for improving health image of meat and meat-based products with special reference to meat sausages. The uses of functional starter cultures with an industrially or nutritionally important functionality are being explored for enhancing the functionality and nutritional value of meat sausages. This article mainly focuses on the role and possibilities of using microorganisms for development of functional meat sausages.