不同粒级煤炭在空气重介流化床中分选机理的研究

本文通过对气－固两相流化床中加重质颗粒特性及入选物料在流化床中的受力情况的分析，从理论上分析得出了不同粒级煤炭在流化床中的分选特性，并得到了实验的证实。半工业及工业性试验结果表明，空气重介流化床具有良好的分选性能，可有效地分选５０￣６ｍｍ级煤炭，可能偏差Ｅｐ值达０．０５￣０．０７。     

空气重介流化床低密度选煤的理论与实践

阐述了空气重介流化床低密度分选的理论，并对具有一定粒级的磁珠的流化特性进行了分析测定．试验结果表明：空气重介流化床采用磁珠作为加重质可以形成低密度床层，能有效地分选５０～６ｍｍ级煤炭，分选密度可在１．２～１．５ｇ／ｃｍ３之间调节，可能偏差Ｅｐ值达０．０５．     

空气重介流化床干法选煤加重质的研究

针对空气重介流化床干法选煤的加重质种类少,粒度范围窄,粒度要求严格等问题,找到了一种新的加重质－钒钛磁铁矿,在空气重介流化床模型机和半工业性试验系统上进行了大量流化试验和分选试验,提出了用密度分布标准差和粒度分布标准差作为评定流化床均匀稳定性的指标,研究了流化床稳定性与加重质细粒级含量之间的关系,试验结果表明,钒钛磁铁矿具有良好的流化特性和分选特性,可以采用较宽的粒度范围。应用这种介质可以有效地分选50－6mm级煤,分选精度高,Ep值可达0．05。     

新型空气重介质流化床分选特性研究

为了提高空气重介质分选设备的可靠性,用振动代替刮板输送重产物,在自制新型空气重介质流化床小试装置上对物料分选特性与重产物输送行为进行了试验研究,考察了风量和抛掷指数对可能偏差、分选密度和重产物排出效率的影响.结果表明:风量与抛掷指数共同影响着分选效果,随着风量和抛掷指数的增大,重产物排出效率增大;随着风量的增大,分选密度减小,最后趋于稳定.在最佳分选条件下,可能偏差E值为0.045 g/cm3,分选密度为1.77 g/cm3,重产物排出效率为54%.     

空气重介质流化床中入料颗粒的受力特性

入料颗粒在空气重介质流化床中所受合力是决定颗粒运动行为与分离特性的关键.在理论分析的基础上,建立了入料颗粒在流化床中运动时的受力平衡方程.采用自行研制的颗粒受力测量装置,对不同粒径示踪颗粒在流化床中的受力变化进行了准确测量,结果表明:对粒径为8～10mm、密度为7 850kg/m3的球形颗粒,在以0.3～0.1mm高密度磁铁矿粉作为加重质形成的稳定流化床中,其受力稳定,并与理论计算符合良好.     

采用空气重介流化床选煤技术分选高密度无烟煤的研究

针对高密度老年无烟煤的煤质特征与分选要求，本文从理论分析和实验研究两个方面论述了采用空气重介流化床干法选煤技术分选高密度老年无烟煤的结果。     

空气重介流化床粗粒物料分选机理的研究

对空气重介流化床的分选过程进行了试验和理论研究，针对物料分选产生错配的根源，将错配效应分成了“粘性错配效应”和“运动错配效应”两个部分。提出的流化床中粗粒物料的分选理论能够满意地解释不同流化状态下的分选试验结果。     

空气重介质流化床的双流体模型及其数值验证

为了研究空气重介质流化床的分选机理，用双流体方法建立了描述空气重介质流化床的模型方程组，给出了模型中各项的物理意义，确定了模型参数，使用控制容积有限差分方法将模型方程离散化，求解方程采用迭代方法，并计算了空气重介质流化床的密度分布，其结果与实验吻合，验证了模型的正确性。     

空气重介质流化床气泡行为及其对分选的影响

空气重介质干法选煤流化床属于密浓相稳定鼓泡床,气泡的行为直接影响分选效果,介绍了空气重介质流化床中气泡行为的重要性及特点,导出了以气泡体积分率表示的流化床密度表达式,分析了气泡对流以化床的6mm实际分选粒度下限的影响。同时,阐述了流不中介质的返混和颗粒透泡对产品错配的影响,并给出了一个不同粒度级分选结果Ep的实例。结果表明：气泡是影响分选精度的重要因素,其体积分率的变化与床层密度波动密切相关。     

大型空气重介流化床的逆系统控制

空气重介流化床干法选煤工艺是一项具有重大经济价值的洁净煤技术，核心设备是一台空气重介流化床分选机．本文简要介绍了空气重介流化床干法选煤的工艺过程和多变量非线性离散系统机理模型，基于逆系统方法设计了极点配置控制器，最后给出了分选机床高和密度的实际控制结果及分析．     

21世纪高效干法选煤技术的发展

详细讨论了洁净煤分选技术的意义和现状,各种干法分选方法的特点以及空气重介质流化床选煤技术的优越性,空气重介质流化床选煤技术具有分选精度高,投资少,环境污染小,分选密度调节范围宽等特点,在该技术发展的基础上,在小于6mm细粒级振动流化床,三产品双密床层流化床,大于50mm大块煤深床型流化床以及小于1mm微粉煤摩擦电选技术等方面也取得了可喜的进展,在21世纪的洁净煤技术发展中,300到0mm全粒级煤炭的高效干法分选技术的研究与开发是非常重要的。     

Combined Removal of Surface Moisture and Dust from Feed Coal for Coal Dry Cleaning with an Air-solid Fluidized Bed

A demonstration plant and a commercial plant employing coal dry cleaning technology with an air-solid fluidized bed were built in China. The operation practice of these two plants shows that the surface moisture and the fines or dust of feed coal must be well controlled as low as possible. For this purpose, a new process of combined removal of surface moisture and dust from feed coal using a vibrated fluidized bed dryer was investigated in a batch test apparatus and a pilot test system. A mathematical model on drying kinetics of coal surface moisture was developed and three empirical formulas of the model coefficient involving the main operating variables were determined based on the test results from the batch test apparatus. The mathematical model shows that the surface moisture retained in coal during drying decreases exponentially with drying time. According to this model, a new divisional heat supply mode, in which the inlet gas of higher temperature was introduced into the fore part of the dryer and the inlet gas of lower temperature into the rear part of the dryer, was employed in the pilot test system. The pilot tests show that 1） the new divisional heat supply mode is effective for lowering down the average temperature and reducing the total heat loss of the outlet gas off the dryer, 2） the moist coal of about 60 g/kg surface moisture contentcan be dried to about 10 g/kg, and simultaneously the fines （〈1mm in diameter） adhering to the surface of coarse coal particles are completely washed off by the gas flow.     

Low Density Dry Coal Beneficiation Using an Air Dense Medium Fluidized Bed

For the production of low ash content clean coal, separation at low density is required for some raw coals.Based on analyzing the fluidizing characteristics of magnetic-pearls with a specific size clistribution and formation mechanism of a microbubble fluidized bed, optimal technological and operating parameters suitable for low density coal separation were determined. The experimental results show that an air dense medium fluidized bed with low den-sity can be formed using magnetic pearls as medium solids, which can efficiently beneficiate coal of 6-50 mm size with a probable error Ep value of 0.05 at a separating density of 1.44 g/cm^3.     

Parametric study of electrostatic separation of South African fine coal

The fact that water requirements are a major problem for present and future developments in material beneficiation, and the construction of a new power plant in South Africa, forms the basis for the utilization of a Rotary Triboelectrostatic Separator (RTS) for beneficiation of South African pulverized coal. The cleaning potential of Majuba and Koorfontein coal was first evaluated using kinetic froth flotation tests on the -177μm coal fraction. The RTS tests were conducted under varied process parameters. Parameters such as applied separating voltage, air injection velocity, particle feed rate and splitter position were investigated. Two stage separation results show that the RTS reduced Majuba coal initially containing about 30% ash to a clean product of 14.30%, or 19.46%, ash at a combustible recovery of 15.10%, or 53.02%, respectively. Similar separation performance was also achieved with the Koorfontein coal. The mineral and organic compositions in the feed, after single stage and after the second stage separations were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show a better separation for the second stage coal products.     

Effect of the column height on the performance of liquid–solid fluidized bed for the separation of coarse slime

A liquid–solid fluidized bed separator, used for the separation of coarse slime, was developed. Test particles sized in the range from 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1.0, and 0.25 to 1.0 mm were separated in the liquid–solid fluidized bed. Beds with column heights of 1200, 1500, and 1800 mm were tried. The clean coal and the tailings were subsequently analyzed by float–sink testing. The results showed that the ash and yield of clean coal both decreased with increasing column height, for all three size fractions, and that the ash of the clean coal obtained from tests on the broader size fraction was less than that from the narrower sized fractions. The separation density decreased with increasing column height. The lowest E value was seen for a column height of 1500 mm, for which conditions the separation density was 1.45 g/cm³. The E value was 0.084 for the 0.25–0.5 mm fraction but the corresponding separation density was 1.48 g/cm³, and the E value 0.089, for the broader 0.25–1.0 mm fraction.     

流化床燃烧中煤含灰量对灰渣形成特性的影响

为了研究煤颗粒灰质量分数对煤在流化床燃烧过程中灰渣形成特性的影响,在一台小型流化床反应炉上进行煤的灰质量分数对灰渣形成特性的实验.按煤颗粒的灰质量分数,把义马烟煤分为6个颗粒组,并选用各颗粒组的3个粒径范围的煤颗粒进行燃烧实验,研究煤颗粒的灰质量分数对底渣质量分数、底渣与飞灰中的碳量质量分数和粒径分布的影响.结果表明,随着煤颗粒灰质量分数的增加,燃烧形成的底渣质量分数增加,而煤颗粒的燃尽率和飞灰中的碳质量分数都降低.在粒径和燃烧时间相同的条件下,随着颗粒灰质量分数的增加,底渣中留在本粒径档的颗粒质量分数明显增加,而细颗粒的质量分数明显减少.而颗粒灰质量分数对飞灰的粒径分布没有明显的影响.     

Influence of fly ash fineness and shape on the porosity and permeability of blended cement pastes

The effects of the fineness and shape of fly ash on the porosity and air permeability of cement pastes were investigated. Pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash and fluidized bed coal combustion (FBC) fly ash classified into three different finenesses were used. River sand with particle size distribution similar to that of fly ash was also used for comparison. Portland cement was replaced with fly ash and ground sand at the dosages of 0, 20wt%, and 40wt%. A water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 was used thr...     

循环流化床锅炉中灰颗粒的演化特征

循环流化床(CFB)锅炉炉内的燃烧及传热与炉内床料的状态密切相关,而炉内床料主要是由燃煤含有的矿物组分经过燃烧、爆裂和磨耗过程形成的。对多家循环流化床电站锅炉选用煤种和不同部位的灰进行取样,使用可视化显微仪,获取了粒度分布和灰颗粒的微观形貌特征。根据循环流化床锅炉内灰颗粒的机械强度和耐磨性能的不同,将灰颗粒归为三类不同性质的灰,以此为基点,分别采用固定床燃烧后冷态振动筛分的方法和流化床实验台热态流化后筛分的方法,对比分析了灰颗粒在燃烧过程中的演化特征。结果表明:三类灰颗粒在不同的燃烧温度和时间的演化过程存在明显的不同。从而对循环流化床中的床料粒径分布的确定提供了理论依据。     

Effect of the distributor plugging ways on fluidization quality and particle stratification in air dense medium fluidized bed

Gas-solid fluidized bed separation is a highly efficient and clean technique for coal separation, and can effectively remove ash and sulfur contained gangue minerals from coal. However, the fine coal plugging distributor often leads to uneven fluidization and affects the separation effect. In this paper, different plugging ways were designed to study their effects on the fluidization characteristics and particle mixing. It was found that when the plugging phenomenon occurs, the minimum fluidization velocity of the fluidized bed gradually decreases as the plugging area enlarges. The difference between the top and the bottom of the bed minimum fluidization velocity increases accordingly, and a “stagnation phenomenon” occurs in the bed. The standard deviation of pressure fluctuations at the top of the bed is smaller than that at the bottom of the bed, which is the opposite of normal conditions. As the area of the plugging increases, the dead zone on the side wall of the fluidized bed significantly increases. The size of the dead zone is rapid reducing at the initial stage. It was noticed that the stratification of the low-density products is particularly affected by plugging, whereas the stratification of high-density products is not obviously influenced by certain conditions.     

Comparison of coal separation characteristics based on different separating approaches in dry coal beneficiation flowsheet

The separation characteristic of raw coal from Luoyang mining area, China, was investigated by applying a dry coal beneficiation flowsheet with the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed as main separating equipment. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed can provide uniform distribution and stable fluctuation of bed densities at various heights. Two types of different separating approaches were compared using the dry coal beneficiation flowsheet. Compared with obtaining cleaning coal in the first stage of the flowsheet, a higher yield of the cleaning coal and better separation efficiency can be achieved when discharging gangue in the first stage. Finally, the results indicate that 64.86% pure cleaning coal with an ash content of 11.77% and 13.53% middlings were obtained, and 21.61% gangue was removed in two successive separation stages with the probable errors of 0.05 and 0.07 g/cm3, respectively.