金属陶瓷多弧离子镀TiN/TiAlN涂层的结构与性能

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜等分析技术对其显微组织、成分、相结构、粗糙度及涂层与基体间的结合强度进行了分析.结果表明,多弧离子镀TiN/TiAlN涂层后试样的表面为金黄色,涂层光滑平整,其均方根粗糙度为20.6 nm,显微硬度达到2808 HK.TiN相和TiAlN相均存在强烈的(111)择优取向.Al的含量从涂层内部到表面逐渐增大,呈现梯度分布特征.TiN/TiAlN涂层与金属陶瓷之间的结合强度高达57.52 N.     

TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN多层涂层,通过对不同速度、载荷下的微量摩擦磨损试验前后涂层金属陶瓷的显微形貌、组织、成分、相结构及粗糙度的观察分析,研究了涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能.结果表明,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数均低于金属陶瓷基体本身的平均摩擦系数;在相同载荷下,滑动速度较低时,涂层金属陶瓷磨损表面粘着严重,有GCr15掉下的大块粘着物,随着滑动速度的增大,由严重粘着对磨偶件材料向少量粘着变化,其平均摩擦系数增大.在相同的滑动速度下,载荷较大时,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数较大.TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

金属陶瓷多弧离子镀TiN／TiAlN涂层的结构与性能

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN／TiAlN涂层，通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜等分析技术对其显微组织、成分、相结构、粗糙度及涂层与基体间的结合强度进行了分析。结果表明，多弧离子镀TiN／TiAlN涂层后试样的表面为金黄色，涂层光滑平整，其均方根粗糙度为20．6nm，显微硬度达到2808HK。TiN相和TiAlN相均存在强烈的（111）择优取向。Al的含量从涂层内部到表面逐渐增大，呈现梯度分布特征。TiN／TiAlN涂层与金属陶瓷之间的结合强度高达57．52N。     

TiN/TiAIN涂层的断裂韧性研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基和WC基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN涂层,利用维氏硬度计对涂层进行压痕试验;通过测试压痕周围的裂纹长度和数目,用裂纹密度β来评价涂层的断裂韧性.结果表明,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上TiN/TiAlN涂层的裂纹密度为4558,比WC基金属陶瓷基体上涂层的裂纹密度低.TiN/TiAlN涂层的压痕形貌中,涂层没有剥落,只有沿压痕应力角径向显微裂纹和压痕四周的侧向显微裂纹,不同基体其压痕裂纹特点也不同.Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上涂层的径向裂纹非常短,并有裂纹偏转现象,侧向裂纹很长.WC基金属陶瓷基体上涂层的径向裂纹很长,非常平直,侧向裂纹很短.     

TiAlN涂层与Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具高温合金切削性能研究

为提升高温合金加工刀具的加工质量与效率,设计制备了用于金属陶瓷刀具的TiN/Al_2O_3/TiC/TiCN复合涂层(Al_2O_3复合涂层)与用于硬质合金刀具的TiAlN涂层。开展了进给量为单因素变量的切削实验,并从切削力变化、刀具磨损情况及被加工表面质量三方面验证对比刀具的切削性能。试验表明,涂层刀具的刃口钝化处理导致了其加工过程切削力的升高,其中TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具切削力变化较平稳;Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具加工过程中出现了涂层剥落现象,而TiAlN涂层刀具磨损较小;TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具获得的加工表面质量优于Al_2O_3复合涂层刀具。TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具在耐磨性、涂层粘着力及加工质量三方面均优于Al_2O_3复合涂层金属陶瓷刀具。     

PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

离子镀TiN/Ti(CN)多层涂层的力学性能与切削性能

采用多层结构的方法可以提高TiN刀具涂层力学性能和切削性能.采用离子镀技术制备了TiN(0.5μm)/Ti(CN)(0.5μm)/TiN(0.5μm)多层涂层.利用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜和微力学探针表征了涂层的微结构和力学性能,并研究了涂层对硬质合金铣刀切削性能的影响.结果表明,TiN/Ti(CN)多层涂层表面平整、厚度均匀、与基底结合良好,硬度为28.5GPa.高速干式切削试验表明,与普通硬质合金铣刀相比,涂层铣刀的使用寿命提高5倍.     

硬质合金基体对TiAlN/TiAlSiCrN/TiSiN多层涂层结构和机械性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀在YT15、YG6、YG10这3种WC基硬质合金基体上沉积了TiAlN/TiAlSiCrN/TiSiN多层涂层,并对所沉积涂层的截面形貌、截面成分、晶体结构、硬度及结合强度进行了检测与分析。结果表明:TiAlN/TiAlSiCrN/TiSiN多层涂层呈内、中、外的"三层"结构。WC基硬质合金基体通过涂层-基体界面处元素的扩散影响沉积在基体表面涂层的结构,YG10基体中W、Co元素向涂层的扩散明显,削弱了涂层的柱状结构,而YT15和YG6基体上所沉积涂层其Ti、Al元素向基体的扩散,对TiAlN内层柱状结构的影响并不明显。多层涂层的晶体取向均以TiN(200)和CrN(200)为主,且不同硬质合金基体上沉积的涂层其衍射峰强度不同。沉积在YG10表面的涂层获得最大硬度,为4 600.13 HV。基体与涂层硬度差影响涂层结合性能,硬度差越小,涂层结合性能越好,沉积在YG6上的涂层其结合性能最好,临界载荷为103.32 N。     

锆合金表面涂层耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能的研究

目的 提高锆合金在高温高压环境中耐动水腐蚀性能。方法 利用多弧离子镀技术（MAIP）在Zr-4合金表面分别制备了Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN复合涂层,利用磁控溅射技术（MS）在Zr-4合金表面制备了TiN涂层。通过堆外高压釜实验,对比研究了三种不同涂层的耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能,利用自动划痕仪检测膜基结合力,利用XRD分析涂层的物相成分,利用SEM观察涂层腐蚀前后的微观形貌,利用EDS对涂层元素种类与含量进行分析。结果 多弧离子镀技术制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层致密度较高,但表面存在少量大颗粒与微孔洞;磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层均匀平整,表面大颗粒较少。Al2O3涂层、TiN涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层可承受的临界载荷分别为26、16、26.5 N。在实验条件下,Cr/TiAlN涂层和TiN涂层表面均发生了剥落或腐蚀现象,且这两种试样表面均检测出大量的ZrO2,而Al2O3涂层几乎未被破坏,基体得到了充分防护。结论 利用多弧离子镀技术在Zr-4合金表面制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层的膜基结合力较高,利用磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层的膜基结合性能较差,其中Al2O3涂层具备良好的耐腐蚀性能,在高温高压动水腐蚀环境中能够有效地保护锆合金基体。     

空心阴极与多弧离子镀TiN涂层高速钢摩擦磨损特性的比较研究

本文用空心阴极和多弧离子镀方法在高速钢基体材料上制备了TiN靠层，研究评价了其摩擦磨损性能，并与刀具切削性能进行对比．结果表明：TiN涂层的摩擦磨损性能优于基体材料．从摩擦磨损机制上探讨了经TiN涂层的高速钢刀具比非涂层的刀具使用寿命明显延长，加工质量明显提高的原因。     

Improved properties of Ti-Al-N coating by multilayer structure

Multinary Ti-Al-N coatings are used for various applications where hard, wear and oxidation resistant materials are needed. Here, we prepare TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coatings with modulation period of ~ 20 nm in order to further improve the properties of Ti-Al-N coating. Annealing of both coatings up to 700 °C results in an increase in hardness due to the precipitation of cubic Al-rich domains by spinodal decomposition. Multilayer structure results in an increase in adhesion with substrates from ~ 72 N for Ti-Al-N single layer coating to 98 N for TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating. Additionally, the interfaces of TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating retard the outward diffusion of metal atoms (Al and Ti) and inward diffusion of O while exposing coatings in air atmosphere with elevated temperature, and thus improve its oxidation resistance. An improved machining performance regardless of continuous cutting and milling is obtained by TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coated inserts, which can be attributed to the combined effects of higher adhesion with substrates and better oxidation resistance.     

Improved properties of Ti-Al-N coating by multilayer structure

Multinary Ti-Al-N coatings are used for various applications where hard, wear and oxidation resistant materials are needed. Here, we prepare TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coatings with modulation period of ~ 20 nm in order to further improve the properties of Ti-Al-N coating. Annealing of both coatings up to 700 °C results in an increase in hardness due to the precipitation of cubic Al-rich domains by spinodal decomposition. Multilayer structure results in an increase in adhesion with substrates from ~ 72 N for Ti-Al-N single layer coating to 98 N for TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating. Additionally, the interfaces of TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating retard the outward diffusion of metal atoms (Al and Ti) and inward diffusion of O while exposing coatings in air atmosphere with elevated temperature, and thus improve its oxidation resistance. An improved machining performance regardless of continuous cutting and milling is obtained by TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coated inserts, which can be attributed to the combined effects of higher adhesion with substrates and better oxidation resistance.     

TiAlN,TiAlSiN涂层的制备及其切削性能

目的研究TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构及力学性能,以及硬质合金涂层刀具切削SUS304不锈钢的切削性能及磨损行为。方法采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在硬质合金试片及铣刀上分别制备纳微米TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层。通过X射线荧光测量系统测量涂层的厚度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面形貌,用能谱仪(EDAX)分析涂层元素成分,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析涂层晶相结构,用纳米压痕仪表征涂层硬度,用洛氏硬度计定性测量涂层结合力,通过高速铣削试验探究涂层刀具的切削性能及磨损行为。结果 TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的厚度分别为3.32μm和3.35μm,表面致密、光滑,高分辨率(20 000×)下观察到涂层表面有液滴、针孔及凹坑存在。Si元素促进了Ti N(200)晶相的生长,晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的显微硬度分别为29.6 GPa及37.7 GPa,结合力分别满足VDI-3198工业标准的HF3和HF1等级。在130 m/min的高速切削条件下,TiAlSiN涂层刀具寿命约为未涂层刀具的5倍,TiAlN涂层刀具的1.5倍。结论 Si掺杂制备的TiAlSiN涂层具有高的硬度及良好的抗粘附性,更适用于不锈钢材料的高速切削加工。     

Al含量对Ti1-xAlxN涂层组织结构、力学性能和铣削性能的影响

目的研究不同Al含量对Ti_(1-x)Al_xN涂层的影响,以获得铣削铸铁材料性能最佳的Ti AlN涂层。方法采用阴极电弧蒸发沉积法在WC-Co硬质合金表面制备两种不同Al含量的Ti_(0.5)Al_(0.5)N和Ti_(0.33)Al_(0.67)N涂层,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子探针微区分析仪(EPMA)分析合金的微观组织和成分组成,通过CSM纳米硬度计和纳米划痕仪测定涂层的纳米硬度、弹性模量、抗塑性变形因子、显微硬度耗散系数MDP和划痕裂纹扩展阻力CPRs等性能指标,同时比较不同Al含量涂层刀片在铣削灰口铸铁HT250和球墨铸铁QT450时的性能和磨损机理。结果 Ti_(0.5)Al_(0.5)N和Ti_(0.33)Al_(0.67)N涂层主要物相均呈NaCl型面心立方结构,以(200)方向为择优取向,且高铝涂层的XRD衍射峰向高角度偏移量大于中铝涂层,说明高铝涂层具有更高的铝固溶量。与Ti_(0.5)Al_(0.5)N涂层相比,Ti_(0.33)Al_(0.67)N涂层的抗塑性变形因子较小,MDP和CPRs较大,表现出更优的塑性、韧性和膜基结合力。在铣削HT250和QT450时,Ti_(0.33)Al_(0.67)N涂层刀片的平均寿命分别为30、60 min,相比Ti_(0.5)Al_(0.5)N涂层,切削性能更好。结论对于Ti AlN涂层来说,提高Al的质量分数至67%可以获得更优的塑性、韧性和膜基结合力,在铣削HT250和QT450时,Ti_(0.33)Al_(0.67)N涂层刀片的切削性能较优。     

基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影晌

研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影响;采用阴极弧蒸发涂层工艺分别在均质和梯度硬质合金基体上制备TiN涂层:运用金相观察、扫描电镜分析、三点抗弯强度测试、显微硬度测试和切削性能测试,研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金组织结构、力学性能和切削性能的影响.结果表明:基体结构梯度化后,TiN涂层表面形貌由平整状变为网状结构,显微硬度提高19%,抗弯强度提高6.1%;基体结构梯度化后,涂层硬质合金的结构发生变化、力学性能得到提高,涂层刀片的抗冲击性能和切削性能分别提高10%和15%左右.     

Effects of honing treatment on AIP-TiN and TiAlN coated end-mill for high speed machining

The objective of this work is to compare the tool performance of TiN and TiAlN coated carbides end-mills deposited by an arc ion plating (AIP) method, using honing treatment to polish the cutting edge surface sleekly. The curve of surface roughness versus honing time showed a rapid improvement initially and thereafter became steady, manifesting a saturation effect. The optimal honing time related to surface roughness was determined to be approximately 20 s. As the surface roughness increased, the critical loads reduced. At an average surface roughness (R_a) of 0.028 (m, the highest critical loads of TiN and TiAlN coating layers were 98 and 114 N, respectively. Tool performances of uncoated and coated tools were conducted under high speed machining (HSM) of AISI D2 cold-worked die steel (62 HRC). Consequently, the TiAlN coated end-mill using honing treatment showed excellent tool life under HSM conditions.     

Machining performance of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts

Ti-Al-Si-N quaternary coating has recently been developed for industrial applications due to its excellent machining performance. Here, we present a comparative research on Ti-Al-N single layer, Ti-Al-Si-N single layer, TiAlN-TiAlSiN bilayer and TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings deposited onto cemented carbide substrates by cathodic arc evaporation. The incorporation of Si into the Ti-Al-N coating results in an increase in hardness and thermal stability due to the formation of nanocomposite nc-TiAlN/a-Si₃N₄, and thereby causes an improved performance during continuous cutting. However, the lower toughness and adhesive strength with a substrate reduce its cutting-life during milling. Further optimization of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts during milling can be obtained by a structure adjustment from the nanocomposite into TiAlN-TiAlSiN bilayer and TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings, which causes an increase to 156% and 172% for the life-time of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts, respectively. Our results indicate that the machining performance of coatings containing Si in both continuous cutting and milling can be optimized by the structure design of the TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer, where the coating sustains a high hardness of the Ti-Al-Si-N coating combined with a good cohesive strength with the substrate similar to the Ti-Al-N coating.     

基体负偏压对TiAlN/TiN膜层组织成分及硬度的影响

采用多弧离子镀技术在40Cr基体上制备TiAlN/TiN复合膜层;利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和显微硬度仪研究基体负偏压对膜层硬度的影响.结果表明:基体负偏压对膜层性能有显著影响,过高或过低的基体偏压会使得膜层表面不平整,表面显微硬度降低.基体负偏压越高,膜层中Ti、Al原子的含量就越低.     

Cutting performance of PVD-coated carbide and CBN tools in hardmilling

In this study, cutting performance of CBN tools and PVD-coated carbide tools in end-milling of hardened steel was investigated. In high-speed dry hardmilling, two types of CBN tools were applied: the CBN-rich type and an ordinary one. In the case of relatively low-speed milling, on the other hand, a few coated carbide tools were selected where four kinds of coating films, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and multi-layered TiAlN/AlCrN, were deposited on the K10 and P30 grade carbide. The cutting performance was mainly evaluated by tool wear, cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness. In dry cutting of hardened carbon steel with the ordinary CBN tool, the cutting tool temperature rose rapidly with increase in cutting speed; and tool temperature reached approximately 850 °C at the cutting speed of 600 m/min. In the case of the CBN-rich tool, the cutting temperature decreased by 50 °C or more because of its high thermal conductivity. It is remarkable that tool wear or damage on a cutting tool was not observed even when the cutting length was 156 m in both CBN tools. In the case of coated carbide tools, the temperatures of TiN-, TiCN- and TiAlN-coated carbide tools rose as cutting proceeded because of the progress of tool wear, but that of TiAlN/AlCrN-coated carbide tool hardly rose due to little tool wear. When the base material was K10 grade carbide, tool temperature was lower than that of P30 with any coating. The tool flank wear depends considerably on hardness and oxidizing temperature of the coating film.