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火星表面核反应堆电源方案研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
火星作为地球的近邻,一直是人类进行深空探测和开发的首选目标。登陆火星、建立火星基地并开发利用火星资源首先需解决电力供给问题,核反应堆电源具有功率大、寿命长、环境适应性强等优点,是火星基地及其他深空探测任务的理想能源。通过分析目前可用于火星基地的能源情况,针对性地提出了40 kWe火星表面核反应堆电源的总体方案,并从物理、安全、屏蔽、热工以及结构方面对电源方案进行了分析和论证。结果表明:该电源方案合理可行,能满足安全和寿期要求。 相似文献
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核仪器电源系统对仪器测量的结果有较大影响,为了尽量降低这种影响,本文提出了一种低功耗的核仪器多路电源监测方案。该方案以低功耗MSP430F6638处理器为核心,通过多路调理电路、模数转换电路、通信接口及显示单元等部分对核分析检测仪器的电源系统进行监测,动态测量电源输出电压的变化情况,一旦超出阈值范围可即时进行告警提示,避免因电源不稳定而降低分析测量结果的可靠性和准确性。经测试本文设计的多路电源监测系统能实时监测低压电源、高压电源,且功耗较低,可满足现行核仪器的使用要求。 相似文献
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目前常见的便携式核数据测量分析仪电源供应为单一的蓄电池供电方式,这不仅影响测量仪器的长时间连续正常工作,而且增加了系统的成本和体积。为此,以X荧光分析仪为例,提出了一种实用的由太阳能光伏电池和锂电池联合供电的便携式核测量仪器电源设计方案。介绍了系统组成及各部分对电源的指标要求,给出了锂电池充放电控制电路,设计了以SG1525为核心的PWM电源供电电路。实践表明,该方案满足设计要求,对于便携式核数据测量分析仪的电源设计具有实际应用意义。 相似文献
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目前出于环境保护的需要,对清洁能源的开发正越来越受到人们的重视,特别是对太阳能的利用,发展非常迅速.本文结合滑坡监测系统,介绍了一种利用太阳能供电的电源系统.该系统具有自动检测电量、远程监控管理、抗干扰能力强等优点,适用于高原、偏远地区、海岛等无市电接人野外小功率设备使用.该电源系统也适用于长期工作在野外的便携式核仪器现场用电的需要.其远程监控由GSM网络无线通信来实现的. 相似文献
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外中子源驱动式核电源是新型核电源系统,能满足深空探测任务的需求.对该核电源的简化模型做了MCNP模拟,其比功率和功率分别为4.45 W/g和9.88 kW,比功率是通用型热源放射性同位素温差核电源(GPHS-RTG)的8倍,名义功率是GPHS-RTG的3.54倍.由GPHS-RTG模块的细致模型计算,该核电源的比功率和... 相似文献
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G. P. Yurkevich 《Atomic Energy》2002,93(3):734-739
It is shown that the design of the reactor control scheme used in BN-600-type power-producing systems does not provide for the operation of a nuclear power plant in the base and peak regimes. A design of the control scheme for a power system with regulatable circulation of the coolant in the first loop of the reactor that allows a nuclear power plant to operate in the base and peak regimes are presented and substantiated. 相似文献
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The safety of the floating nuclear power plant is closely related to the merits of the reactor power supply system. In order to improve the safety factor of floating nuclear power plant, it is necessary to analyze the reactor power supply system. In this paper, the configuration of the reactor power supply system of the floating nuclear power plant is analyzed, and the auxiliary power system and nuclear emergency power system under two schemes are compared. The results show that the optimized scheme 2 is better than scheme 1 in reliability and safety, and scheme 2 is more economical. The optimization scheme proposed in this paper can provide a direction for the design of the reactor power supply system of the subsequent nuclear powered ships and has a strong reference significance. 相似文献
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具有第四代安全经济特性的核电应该是人们期待的先进的清洁低碳能源。高温气冷堆是当今研发的第四代核电堆型之一,但现有的设计还存在需要排除的严重的安全隐患。堆芯不熔化,不等于说不会有严重事故发生。需要吸取国外球床高温堆和柱状高温堆两种实验堆型运行的经验教训、扩展安全观念和应对安全低概率事件,确保反应堆不出现后果极其严重的放射性释放事故。当热电转换系统采用与燃气蒸汽联合循环耦合应用的技术以后,会发挥高温堆所长,更大地提升转换效率,形成一种高安全低投资和高效率的双燃料清洁能源,可用于大堆或小堆的应用环境,可满足电力系统基本负荷和调锋负荷的需要。在工程设计上采取一系列改进和创新措施,包括釆用规则床模块化及地下反应堆设计以后,可在提高反应堆核心部位安全防卫能力的同时,防范低概率事件,成为一种新的安全经济高效的先进能源。 相似文献
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空间核反应堆电源将核裂变能转换为电能,与太阳能、化学燃料电池等其他形式的电源相比,具有电功率大、系统比功率高、使用寿命长等优点,在太空探索中具有广阔的应用前景。以高温气冷堆技术为基础,提出了以氦氙混合气体作冷却剂,直接布雷顿循环的空间核反应堆电源方案。核反应堆是采用包覆颗粒燃料的小型棱柱式高温气冷堆,热功率为5 MW。采用蒙特卡罗方法进行了中子物理分析。结果表明,设计的反应堆满足10a以上的满功率运行寿期,具有负的反应性温度系数。通过布置B4C安全棒,使反应堆在发射失败引起的堆芯进水事故中能保证次临界。 相似文献
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The design of the nuclear instrumentation system for the Pluto series of nuclear ramjet test reactors is an attempt to provide a very flexible nuclear sensing system that will be adequate for Tory II-C and following test reactors. The nuclear detectors will be exposed to the leakage neutron flux from the reactor during operation. Since the leakage flux is proportional to reactor power, the neutron detectors will give a measure of reactor power. A difficulty in providing nuclear instruments for this reactor is the uncertainty in the neutron energy spectrum of the leakage flux at the detectors. Since detector response varies with neutron energy, a large margin of flexibility is desirable. A difficulty which may be encountered is a significant shift in neutron energy spectrum at high power and temperature. This would make indicated nuclear power nonlinear with calorimetric power. A difficulty in insufficient instrument overlap was encountered with the Tory II-A experiment where a large margin of flexibility would have been useful. The detector placement for the Tory II-A experiment had the power range detectors in line with the reactor and main air pipe. At high air flows there was a much greater mass of air between the detectors and the reactor, allowing fewer neutrons to reach the detectors per unit reactor power. This is the reason for the power range detectors being placed off to the side of the Tory II-C test vehicle. Not all difficulties can be foreseen, but provision is made where possible to overcome them. 相似文献
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某压水堆核电厂调试启动期间核仪表系统(RPN)中间量程通道(IRC)的输出电流在核功率(Pn)小于30%FP时提前达到饱和值。首循环换料设计方案(FCRS)确定后,IRC提前饱和的主要影响因素是探测器出厂热中子灵敏度(SF)。根据未能紧急停堆的预期瞬态(ATWT)设计功能和RPN安全准则,得出IRC提前饱和造成ATWT允许信号实际阈值低于设计期望阈值是可接受的结论。IRC提前饱和时,必须在饱和点以下选择Pn作为ATWT允许信号阈值,以确保ATWT允许信号可正确触发。提出采用首循环18个月换料设计方案(FCRS18)的机组应选用SF较小的探测器,以降低IRC提前饱和问题发生的几率。 相似文献