小麦赤霉病粒含量与呕吐毒素含量关系研究

采用胶体金快速定量法,对不同梯度赤霉病粒含量的小麦样品进行呕吐毒素的检测,并绘制曲线。结果表明,当小麦赤霉病粒含量超过2.5%时,呕吐毒素存在一定的超标风险。本研究对基层粮库小麦入库,以及通过测定赤霉病麦粒含量来判断呕吐毒素超标程度提供了参考依据,有助于粮库提高呕吐毒素检测效率,提高收粮速度。     

小麦中呕吐毒素含量与不完善粒关系研究

批量采集小麦样品,检测不完善粒和呕吐毒素值,研究小麦中呕吐毒素与各不完善粒相关规律。研究结果发现,呕吐毒素与不完善粒之间存在正相关性,呕吐毒素与赤霉病粒存在显著线性关系,呕吐毒素与黑胚粒之间不存在相关性,呕吐毒素与发芽粒之间存在正相关性。对小麦中呕吐毒素含量初步判定,应以赤霉病粒含量为主,适当参考不完善粒总量和发芽粒,而黑胚粒参考价值不高,粮食种植、购销主体可以此实现小麦质量初步控制。     

不同类型病斑粒、热损伤粒及胚部内霉粒对小麦中呕吐毒素含量的影响

通过对小麦病斑粒进行分类，将不同类型病斑粒、热损伤粒、胚部内霉粒以不同比例回掺入完善粒中，研究其对小麦中呕吐毒素的影响，旨在为小麦收购、储存及加工提供理论依据。结果表明，不同类型病斑粒对小麦中呕吐毒素的影响不同，其中赤霉病粒与呕吐毒素含量呈显著正相关，且相关性系数高达0.91,其他种类病斑粒与呕吐毒素积累之间无明显规律，但若含量超标也存在呕吐毒素含量较高的情况；热损伤粒及胚部内霉粒与呕吐毒素含量相关性不大，表明小麦中呕吐毒素的产生主要由赤霉病粒引起，其他不完善粒对呕吐毒素的积累无直接影响。     

不同生霉粒小麦中呕吐毒素含量的变化

应用免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法测定小麦中的呕吐毒素,绘制的标准曲线表明呕吐毒素在200~5000 ng/m L区间线性关系良好。通过对生霉粒分别为5%、10%、15%、20%、30%、40%、100%的小麦进行呕吐毒素检测,发现不同生霉粒含量的小麦中呕吐毒素含量虽然不同,但不成线性关系,即生霉粒高的小麦中呕吐毒素含量不一定高。     

小麦中呕吐毒素含量与质量的关系及其在加工过程中的变化研究

研究检测小麦样品中容重、赤霉病粒、不完善粒、色泽以及呕吐毒素等指标，通过数据分析，得出小麦呕吐毒素含量与赤霉病粒存在一定的正相关，并检测小麦籽粒不同部位呕吐毒素的含量。结果显示，皮层、糊粉层高于胚乳；对小麦进行筛理，去除杂质和赤霉病粒，发现经过筛理小麦中呕吐毒素含量会下降4.6%~22%；对比分析小麦粉和小麦粉馒头中呕吐毒素的含量，发现小麦粉通过蒸煮等加工过程，呕吐毒素含量并不会减少，仍然有较高残留。     

小麦赤霉病与DON含量的检测研究

赤霉病是小麦成长中比较常见的病菌感染,在经过一系列生理分化以后,会产生呕吐毒素,影响到小麦品质和安全性。为此,必需要对收购的小麦进行赤霉病含量检测,确保其呕吐毒素含量≤1 000 μg/kg。通过试验验证,当小麦赤霉病含量≤3%时,小麦呕吐毒素的含量处于规定安全范围内。     

小麦呕吐毒素含量与安全储藏关系探讨

通过对江苏省如皋市主产区2020年产小麦进行储藏跟踪研究,测定不同水分的小麦在常温仓和低温仓储藏条件下呕吐毒素变化.结果表明:小麦在常温和低温2个不同条件下储藏一段时间,不同梯度呕吐毒素的小麦其呕吐毒素含量均未发生显著变化,但低温条件下,呕吐毒素含量变化更小些;低温储藏条件更利于小麦保存,常温储藏条件下因外界温度升高,...     

小麦分选过程中赤霉病粒与呕吐毒素含量关系探讨

基层粮库小麦收购入库工作量大,小麦的呕吐毒素含量检测成本高、时间长,不能满足收购现场的需要。基层粮库小麦收购入库,可以通过赤霉病粒含量的检测来辅助判断呕吐毒素是否超标,对赤霉病粒严重的小麦在清杂后通过籽粒比重的差异实施分选处理,大大降低小麦赤霉病粒含量、呕吐毒素含量,这种处理方法对实际应用有极强的意义。     

霉变玉米真菌毒素含量与图像颜色特征参数之间的相关性研究

模拟郑单958玉米霉变过程,定时测定了玉米霉变期间的黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素等四种真菌毒素含量;同时,利用扫描仪器对霉变玉米的图像进行采集,提取了颜色特征参数;探讨了霉变玉米的颜色特征与带菌量之间的相关性。结果显示：郑单958在霉变期间不含有赭曲霉毒素,剩余的三种毒素含量随着时间的延长呈增大趋势,在试验结束时都远远超出了国家标准限量;玉米图像颜色特征参数R、G、B、I值整体呈降低的趋势,H、S值变化不规律;真菌毒素含量与R、G、B、I值有极显著的负相关性,相关系数值较大,如黄曲霉毒素B1的含量与B值的相关性系数达到了-0.913,真菌毒素含量与H值没有显著相关性,真菌毒素含量与S值呈现出了不同的相关性,如黄曲霉毒素B1与S值有显著正相关,相关系数为0.733,呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮含量与S值没有显著相关性。     

呕吐毒素在小麦正常粒和赤霉病粒中的分布情况研究

选用不同梯度呕吐毒素含量的小麦样品10份,通过测定样品赤霉病粒去除前后的呕吐毒素含量,以确定呕吐毒素在正常小麦和赤霉病粒中的分布比例情况。结果表明:小麦中的呕吐毒素60%左右分布在赤霉病粒中,在正常麦粒中也有一定分布。     

浅述酸、酯、醇等成分对白酒的影响

简要叙述了白酒中酸类、酯类和醇类在白酒呈香显味中的作用,并分析了主要呈香物质对白酒风味的影响,从而对白酒的勾兑起指导作用。     

烟丝中糖组分含量对平衡含水率的影响

在不同相对湿度下,对所选13种烟丝样品进行平衡含水率测定和糖组分的定量分析,采用灰色关联分析探讨了烟丝的糖组分含量与持湿能力之间的关系。结果表明:不同空气相对湿度(30%~80%)下,除30%外,烟丝糖组分含量与持湿能力均呈正相关;烟丝不同糖组分对持湿能力影响程度不同,其中果糖对持湿能力影响最显著,其次为糖总量、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖。     

Aluminium content of beers

 The aluminium (Al) concentration in different brands of beers packaged in Al cans and glass bottles was measured at the end of the shelf-life of the beer, by the Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ZGFAAS) method. The results show that in all cases a brand of beer packaged in an Al can has a higher Al content than the same brand bottled in glass. The measurements of the Al concentration in some Al-canned beers throughout 12 months of storage show that a relatively small increase of the Al concentration in beers occurs throughout storage. All these results indicate that some Al is taken up by the beer in Al cans, presumably through the slight and slow dissolution of Al from the can wall, due to some defects in the protective lacquer layer. The evaluated daily intake of Al (0.256 mg) possible through the consumption of beer was practically negligible in relation to both the total daily dietary Al intake and the tolerable daily Al intake. Thus, beers are an insignificant source of dietary Al intake and it appears that the Al intake from beers (due to the low content of Al in beers and its low bioavailability) should not be a cause for concern with regard to Al toxicity for the human body. Received: 22 April 1996     

Selenium content of mushrooms

Summary The selenium contents of 83 species of wild mushrooms were determined by oxygen combustion of the sample, followed by conversion of selenite to bromopiazselenol and final estimation by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Selenium concentrations were found to range from 0.012–20.0 mg/kg dry weight. Selenium content was species-dependent. High concentrations were found inAgaricaceae and in certainBoletaceae of the genusTubiporus, whereas inRussulaceae, Amanitaceae andCantharellaceae selenium-rich species were absent or rare. Ascomycetes and all mushrooms growing on wood had a very low selenium content.The highest selenium concentrations (up to 20 ppm) were found inBoletus (Tubiporus)edulis, a most popular edible mushroom. Analyses of various parts of carpophores ofB. edulis, Suillus luteus andAmanita muscaria indicate that in all three species the stalk contains less selenium than the fleshy part of the cap. InBoletus andSuillus the highest selenium content was found in the tubes

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Selengehalt der Pilze

Zusammenfassung Der Selengehalt 83 Arten wildgewachsener, höherer Pilze wurde gaschromatographisch mit dem Elektroneneinfangdetektor bestimmt nach Verbrennung der getrockneten Muster in Sauerstoff und Überfuhrung des anorganischen Selens in Brompiazselenol. — Der Selengehalt lag zwischen 0,012 und 20 mg/kg Trockengewicht und war Speciesabhängig. Hohe Konzentrationen wurden in Egerlingen (Agaricus) und gewissen Röhrenpilzen (Tubiporus) gefunden, während bei denAmanitaceae, Russulaceae undCantharellaceae selenreiche Arten eher die Ausnahme darstellten. Ascomyceten und alle auf Holz wachsenden Pilze enthalten fast kein Selen. Der höchste Selengehalt (bis 20 mg/kg Trockengewicht) wurde im eßbaren Steinpilz nachgewiesen. — Analysen von Teilen der Fruchtkörper zeigten, daß der Stiel weniger Selen enthielt als das Hutfleisch. Bei den Röhrlingen war das Selen in der Röhrenschicht angereichert.

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With the technical assistance of J. M. Diserens and M. Pletikosa     

Selenium content of mushrooms

The selenium contents of 83 species of wild mushrooms were determined by oxygen combustion of the sample, followed by conversion of selenite to bromopiazselenol and final estimation by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Selenium concentration were found to range from 0.012-20.0 mg/kg dry weight. Selenium content was species-dependent. High concentrations were found in Agaricaceae and in certain Boletaceae of the genus Tubiporus, whereas in Russulaceae, Amanitaceae and Cantharellaceae selenium-rich species were absent or rare. Ascomycetes and all mushrooms growing on wood had a very low selenium content. The highest selenium concentrations (up to 20 ppm) were found in Boletus (Tubiporus) edulis, a most popular edible mushroom. Analyses of various parts of carpophores of B. edulis, Suillus luteus and Amanita muscaria indicate that in all three species the stalk contains less selenium than the fleshy part of the cap. In Boletus and Suillus the highest selenium content was found in the tubes.     

Thiocyanate content of kale

In fresh whole plant tissue thiocyanate was not in a “free” state and to obtain satisfactory thiocyanate values it was necessary to disrupt the tissue thoroughly by homogenisation to permit hydrolysis of the thiocyanate-containing substance. Rape kale contained about 15 mg thiocyanate/100 g of fresh material, less than half the amounts found in thousand head, marrow stem, Maris Kestrel or Canson: there were no consistent differences among the thiocyanate contents of these four types of kale. The thiocyanate content, although fairly constant during most of the growing season, increased about twofold in late September and October then returned to former values. This increase did not occur in rape kale. Small young kale leaves contained more than five times the amount of thiocyanate found in large, fully formed leaves, and about twice the amount present in leaves of intermediate size.     

Aluminium content of beers

 The aluminium (Al) concentration in different brands of beers packaged in Al cans and glass bottles was measured at the end of the shelf-life of the beer, by the Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ZGFAAS) method. The results show that in all cases a brand of beer packaged in an Al can has a higher Al content than the same brand bottled in glass. The measurements of the Al concentration in some Al-canned beers throughout 12 months of storage show that a relatively small increase of the Al concentration in beers occurs throughout storage. All these results indicate that some Al is taken up by the beer in Al cans, presumably through the slight and slow dissolution of Al from the can wall, due to some defects in the protective lacquer layer. The evaluated daily intake of Al (0.256 mg) possible through the consumption of beer was practically negligible in relation to both the total daily dietary Al intake and the tolerable daily Al intake. Thus, beers are an insignificant source of dietary Al intake and it appears that the Al intake from beers (due to the low content of Al in beers and its low bioavailability) should not be a cause for concern with regard to Al toxicity for the human body. Received: 22 April 1996     

三聚氰胺含量测定

<正> 在小麦面筋蛋白、奶粉及其他含蛋白的粉类产品的生产中,三聚氰胺污染物的测定是重要的安全考虑。排除蛋白质含量影响的三聚氰胺含量的测定是非常关键的步骤。三聚氰胺与蛋白质分子均含有大量的氮元素,此相同之处导致了三聚氰胺含量测定的困难。在不测定蛋白质含量变化的情况下,而测定三聚氰胺浓度是     

枸杞中β-胡萝卜素含量及影响因素的分析

本文的目的是分析枸杞中β-胡萝卜素的含量,方法是采用分光光度法,对样品用石油醚溶解后,以氯仿为空白溶液于450nm的波长处进行含量测定,平均回收率97.0%,方法简便、快速、准确.