Laser ablation behaviors of C/SiC composites in air简

Ablation behaviors of silicon carbide (SiC) coated 2D carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (designated as 2D C/SiC) composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) were investigated by a continuous wave CO₂ laser. The 2D C/SiC specimens were exposed under laser for 0.5 s in ambient air, and the laser powers varied from 500 W to 1500 W. A 3D finite element model was established to calculate the temperature distribution in the laser ablation process. The ablation depth, width and profile were measured by Laser Confocal Microscope (LCM). The results indicate that the increase of ablation depth follows a linear relation with the increase of laser power, and the increase of ablation width follows a similar trend with the increase of the isotherm diameter of 1712 ℃. The ablated surface can be distinguished into three different regions by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, including ablation center, transition zone and ablation fringe. The ablation behaviors of carbon fibers and SiC matrices in different regions were presented and discussed in the study.     

Effects of SiC addition on the ablation properties of C/C composites in different heat fluxes under oxyacetylene torch

To find out the effects of SiC addition on the ablation properties of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites, C/C composites with and without SiC addition were ablated by oxyacetylene torch in different heat fluxes. Results indicated that the SiC addition improved the ablation property of C/C composites in the case of heat flux below 3.64 ± 10% MW/m² whereas it displayed an opposite effect when heat flux was above that value. Ablation morphologies suggested that the relative erosion speed of SiC addition to pyrocarbon matrix took a change when heat flux rose to higher than 3.64 ± 10% MW/m², which determined the opposite effects of SiC addition on the ablation properties of C/C composites.     

Effects of polymer derived SiC interphase on the properties of C/ZrC composites

Polymer derived silicon carbide (SiC) interphase was introduced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) to prevent carbon fiber erosion and to improve the fiber–matrix interface bonding of C/ZrC composites prepared by PIP. Introducing SiC interphase increased the density of the composites. The SiC interphase not only protected carbon fibers effectively from erosion by carbo-thermal reduction, but also enhanced the mechanical properties of C/ZrC composites by strengthening the interface bond. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of C/ZrC composites with SiC interphase prepared by two PIP cycles were 319 MPa and 18.8 MPa m^1/2 respectively. The ablation properties of C/ZrC composites were with rising content of SiC interphase but then decreased when excessive. The mass loss rate and the linear recession rate of the C/ZrC composites with SiC interphase prepared by one PIP cycle were 0.0079 g/s and 0.0084 mm/s, respectively.     

烧蚀时间对C/C-SiC复合材料高超声速富氧环境烧蚀机制的影响

为了研究烧蚀时间对C/C-SiC复合材料在高超声速富氧环境下烧蚀机制的影响规律,采用富氧环境下的高超声速烧蚀试验技术,对“化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解”混合工艺制备的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料动态烧蚀机制进行研究,并采用电子扫描显微镜观察烧蚀表面形貌。研究表明:在极端苛刻的高超声速富氧烧蚀环境下,C/C-SiC复合材料能够短时抵抗高温、高压、高超声速燃气射流的氧化工作环境。材料经高超声速富氧烧蚀10 s、20 s、30 s、40 s及50 s后的质量烧蚀率分别为0.021 g/s、0.025 g/s、0.027 g/s、0.026 g/s与0.034 g/s。C/C-SiC复合材料在高超声速富氧环境下的动态烧蚀行为主要受热化学烧蚀与机械剥蚀两种烧蚀机制共同作用。在初始阶段,SiO₂保护膜的存在有效阻止了氧化性组分向基体内部的扩散,仅材料中心区域存在轻微热化学烧蚀;烧蚀试验中期,材料的烧蚀主要表现为热化学烧蚀与机械剥蚀联合作用,并由热化学烧蚀向机械剥蚀呈渐变性转变;烧蚀试验后期,基体的深度反应使得材料的烧蚀主要表现为纤维与基体的大面积片状剥落。      

SiC Nanowires Toughed HfC Ablative Coating for C/C Composites

In order to improve ablation resistance of carbon/carbon(C/C) composites,SiC nanowires were prepared on C/C composites surface in prior through chemical vapor reaction before HfC coating.SiC nanowires grew randomly and had good combination with HfC coating.SiC nanowires toughed HfC coating had lower linear and mass ablation rates than original HfC coating.The surface was much flatter and exhibited smaller cracks in center region.The ablation mechanism of HfC coating has been changed by SiC nanowires.Thicker HfO2 fused layer was formed on the surface of the toughed HfC coating,which could provide efficient protection for C/C composites.Therefore,SiC nanowires toughed HfC coating behaved in better ablation resistance.     

3D C/SiC复合材料喷管在小型固体火箭发动机中的烧蚀规律研究

采用小型固体火箭发动机研究了3D C/SiC复合材料喷管的烧蚀性能,分析了3D C/SiC的烧蚀机理及燃气参数对烧蚀性能的影响.结果表明,喷管喉部线烧蚀率为0.128±40.088mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.166kg/(m2.s);受喷管内燃气组分、温度、压强和流速等环境参数的影响,3D C/SiC的烧蚀涉及不同机理的非均匀烧蚀.喉部及其上下游过渡区域烧蚀最严重,收敛段其次,扩散段烧蚀最弱.烧蚀过程是热物理化学侵蚀和机械剥蚀综合作用的结果:涉及SiC的分解流失,SiC和碳纤维的氧化烧蚀,还涉及低速Al2O3大粒子的机械化学侵蚀,高速Al2O3小粒子的机械侵蚀等.     

不同预制体结构炭/炭复合材料烧蚀性能

采用电弧驻点烧蚀实验方法, 测试了分别以细编穿刺毡和针刺无纬布整体毡为增强体的2种C/C复合材料的烧蚀率, 并用电子扫描显微镜观察了烧蚀表面形貌。结果表明: C/C复合材料的烧蚀由化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀共同控制, 以机械剥蚀为主; 细编穿刺毡结构C/C复合材料由于Z向纤维束的存在, 加速了材料烧蚀表面粗糙度的变化, 烧蚀率略高于针刺无纬布整体毡结构C/C复合材料; 针刺无纬布整体毡结构C/C复合材料中无纬布层与烧蚀气流垂直, 具有良好的烧蚀性能。      

MoSi2-SiC 抗氧化涂层对碳/碳复合材料弯曲性能的影响

在C/C 复合材料表面制备了MoSi₂-SiC 抗氧化涂层, 分析了涂层工艺对C/C 复合材料组织的影响, 测试了材料的室温弯曲力学性能。结果表明, 该工艺在C/C 复合材料表面生成抗氧化涂层的同时, 基材内部的层间和纤维束界面, 以及孔隙周围也被硅化。C/C 复合材料经涂层工艺处理后, 弯曲断裂行为发生改变, 弯曲强度明显升高,塑性有一定程度的降低。      

反应熔渗制备ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料组织结构及耐烧蚀性能

采用反应熔渗法（RMI）制备出密度为3.288 g/cm3的ZrC-SiC/（C/C）复合材料,采用SEM-EDS、XRD和TEM等分析手段研究了ZrC-SiC/（C/C）复合材料的微观组织结构。结果表明:陶瓷相填充充分且均匀分布在C/C复合材料基体中,其内部组织主要由ZrC、SiC、热解炭（PyC）和碳纤维（CF）组成。熔渗剂反应充分,复合材料内部未检测到残余未反应金属Zr、Si。采用氧乙炔烧蚀设备检测ZrC-SiC/（C/C）复合材料在2 500℃下,烧蚀时间分别为30 s、60 s和90 s的烧蚀性能,其质量烧蚀率分别为5.667 mg/s、2.907 mg/s和3.030 mg/s,线烧蚀率分别为1.001 μm/s、4.662 μm/s和4.450 μm/s。试验结果表明,在高温烧蚀过程中,ZrC-SiC/（C/C）复合材料烧蚀中心区陶瓷相逐渐氧化生成ZrO₂和SiO₂;生成的ZrO₂和SiO₂混合物保护并填充复合材料烧蚀孔隙,阻止氧化反应向材料内部进行,有效提高了材料的烧蚀性能。      

Preparation and properties of 2D C/ZrB2-SiC ultra high temperature ceramic composites

Two-dimensional C/ZrB₂-SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process combined with slurry paste (SP) method. ZrB₂ was introduced in the matrix by stacking the pasted carbon cloth with ZrB₂-polycarbosilane slurry. After heat-treated at 900 °C, the stacked carbon cloth preform was infiltrated SiC by CVI process to obtain 2D C/ZrB₂-SiC composites. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength were investigated. The ablation tests were carried out on an oxyacetylene torch flame. The small linear erosion rates indicate that the composites have good ablation resistance properties. These results demonstrate that CVI combined with SP method is a useful way to fabricate 2D C/ZrB₂-SiC composites.     

国内C/C复合材料基体改性研究进展

碳/碳(C/C)复合材料在高温含氧气氛下的氧化烧蚀问题严重制约该材料在航空航天领域的推广应用,基体改性技术是提高该材料高温抗氧化抗烧蚀能力的有效手段。介绍了目前发展的化学气相渗透、先驱体转化、反应熔体浸渗、化学气相反应等基体改性技术的主要方法,综述了SiC,ZrC,TaC,HfC,ZrB2,WC,Cu等抗氧化和抗烧蚀组元改性C/C复合材料的研究现状。指出难熔金属碳化物和硼化物,如HfC,ZrC,TaC,HfB2,ZrB2等,具有熔点高、高温性能稳定、抗烧蚀性能优良等特点,是提高C/C复合材料高温抗氧化抗烧蚀的理想基体改性材料,并提出了C/C复合材料基体改性研究中存在的问题和今后潜在的发展方向。     

不同先驱体制备C/SiC复合材料及其浸渍行为

采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP工艺)制备C/SiC复合材料,研究了不同先驱体对复合材料浸渍行为的影响(三种先驱体分别为固态聚碳硅烷(PCS(s))、液态聚碳硅烷Ⅰ(PCS-Ⅰ(l))和液态聚碳硅烷Ⅱ(PCS-Ⅱ(l)),制备的三种复合材料体系分别为C/SiC-0、C/SiC-Ⅰ和C/SiC-Ⅱ)。结合C/SiC复合材料的力学性能以及不同裂解周期C/SiC复合材料的微观形貌,研究了不同先驱体制备的C/SiC复合材料对碳纤维织物浸渍行为的影响。研究结果表明:C/SiC-Ⅰ复合材料的室温弯曲强度最高,达到336 MPa。不同裂解周期的微观形貌显示, C/SiC-0复合材料内部孔隙分布于碳纤维束间; C/SiC-Ⅰ复合材料内部较致密,孔隙分布均匀; C/SiC-Ⅱ复合材料基体和束丝内部都存在孔隙,说明三种聚碳硅烷浸渍液对C/SiC复合材料有不同的浸渍效果。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的分析结果显示,由于浸渍液的分子量不同,大分子无法浸渍到碳纤维束丝内部,会造成裂解后的复合材料束内SiC基体较少,造成其力学性能较低。     

碳-高硅氧纤维增强C-SiC防热隔热一体化材料

制备了一种新型的防热隔热一体化材料碳高硅氧纤维增强C-SiC复合材料，沿厚度方向从抗烧蚀层渐次过渡到隔热层，其组成依次是致密C／C—SiC，致密C／C，多孔C／C，通过界面处过渡到变密度多孔HSF／C．这种材料既具有抗烧蚀性能又具有隔热性能．C／CSiC复合材料的烧蚀表面平滑，线烧蚀率只有0．028mm／s．烧蚀性能的提高得益于SiC颗粒原位氧化生成SiO2黏附在碳材料表面，对氧气有一定的阻挡遮蔽作用。密度为0．80g／cm^3的HSF／C材料，热导率为0．59W／mK．在碳纤维与高硅氧织物的界面处，针刺纤维与热解碳的结合良好，密度为1．69g／cm^3的C—HSF／C复合材料界面处的剪切强度达到16．7MPa．     

高温结构吸波材料综述

比较了高温背景下各类吸渡材料的特点,确定连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料是较理想的高温吸波材料体系.分析了常用陶瓷基复合材料中连续纤维以及陶瓷基体的介电性能,确定连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅基(SiG/SiC)复合材料是目前较有前途的高温结构吸波材料.综述了高温结构吸波材料的国内外研究现状,重点介绍了国防科技大学的最新研究进展,最后讨论了高温结构吸渡材料存在的问题.     

(C-SiC)f/C复合材料的烧蚀性能

将SiC纤维毡与C纤维毡交替层叠, 通过针刺工艺制备(C-SiC)_f/C预制体, 采用化学气相渗透与前驱体浸渍裂解复合工艺(CVI+PIP)制备(C-SiC)_f/C复合材料, 研究(C-SiC)_f/C复合材料H₂-O₂焰烧蚀性能。利用SEM、EDS和XRD对烧蚀前后材料的微观结构和物相组成进行分析, 探讨材料抗烧蚀机理。结果表明: (C-SiC)_f/C复合材料表现出更优异的耐烧蚀性能。烧蚀750 s后, (C-SiC)_f/C复合材料的线烧蚀率为1.88 μm/s, 质量烧蚀率为2.16 mg/s。与C/C复合材料相比, 其线烧蚀率降低了64.5%, 质量烧蚀率降低了73.5%; SiC纤维毡在烧蚀中心区表面形成的网络状保护膜可以有效抵御高温热流对材料的破坏; 在烧蚀过渡区和烧蚀边缘区形成的熔融SiO₂能够弥合材料的裂纹、孔洞等缺陷, 阻挡氧化性气氛进入材料内部, 使材料表现出优异的抗烧蚀性能。     

不同物相电沉积CNTs对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

采用电沉积法与化学气相渗透(CVI)法将碳纳米管(CNTs)分别引入到碳纤维表面和SiC基体中,制得了不同物相电沉积CNTs的C/SiC复合材料(CNTs-C)/SiC和C/(CNTs-SiC)。研究了CNTs沉积物相对C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响,分析了不同CNTs沉积物相的C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂机制。结果表明:相较于未加CNTs的C/SiC复合材料,CNTs沉积到碳纤维表面的(CNTs-C)/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度提高了67.3%,断裂功提高了107.2%;而将CNTs引入到SiC基体中的C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料的断裂功有所降低,拉伸强度也仅提高了6.9%,CNTs没有表现出明显的增强增韧效果;C/(CNTs-SiC)复合材料与传统的C/SiC复合材料有相似的断裂形貌特征,断裂拔出机制类似,主要为纤维增强增韧,CNTs的作用不明显。     

烧蚀产物ZrO2对ZrC改性C/C复合材料烧蚀的影响

采用ZrOCl₂溶液浸渍法把含锆组元引入碳纤维预制体, 结合热梯度化学气相渗透、高温石墨化工艺制备了ZrC改性C/C复合材料. 用氧乙炔烧蚀测试材料的烧蚀性能, XRD测试材料烧蚀前后的物相组成, 采用SEM观察材料的微观形貌. 烧蚀结果表明：随着烧蚀次数的增加, 若每次烧蚀后不去除ZrO₂, 材料的线、质量烧蚀率呈先增加后减小的趋势, 最后趋于稳定; 若每次烧蚀后去除ZrO₂, 材料的线、质量烧蚀率均呈增大的趋势. 产物ZrO₂的蒸发吸收了材料烧蚀表面的热量, 减缓了火焰对烧蚀表面的冲蚀, 材料的线烧蚀率减小, 然而, ZrO₂的蒸发会增加材料的质量损失速度, 导致材料的质量烧蚀率增大.     

Verification and prediction of residual strength of C/SiC composites under non-stress oxidation

This article describes the strength behavior of C/SiC composites under non-stress oxidation. The oxidation kinetics model of a ceramic matrix composite contains both a reaction-controlled process and a diffusion-controlled process. The oxidation process has an effect on the fiber volume fraction, radius, and the composite interface shear stress. We obtained the residual strength of unidirectional C/SiC composites under 400–900 °C oxidation with non-stress environments by combining the mass loss rate model with the strength failure model at room temperature. This model considers the different components of the system to be subject to oxidation at different temperature ranges. Then, the influence of oxidation temperature, oxidation time, and fiber volume fraction on residual strength was studied. Experiments on C/SiC composites at 650 and 800 °C in an air environment with non-stress conditions were then performed, and the theoretical results of C/SiC composites were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

浆料浸渍法制备C/C-SiC-ZrB2超高温复合材料及其烧蚀性能研究

采用浆料浸渍法引入ZrB₂微粉作为耐超高温相, 以炭纤维为增强体, 以热解炭和SiC为基体, 制备了ZrB₂含量不同的耐超高温C/C-SiC-ZrB₂复合材料; 通过电弧风洞考核材料的抗烧蚀性能, 通过XRD、SEM和EDS分析材料的烧蚀机理。结果表明: 在Ma 6电弧风洞条件下, C/C-SiC-ZrB₂复合材料的抗烧蚀性能优于C/C-SiC, 且随着ZrB₂含量的增加, 抗烧蚀性能随之提高; 在高温阶段形成的ZrO₂-SiO₂玻璃态熔融层起到了抗氧化烧蚀的作用。     

碳纤维丝束结构对碳纤维/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以酚醛树脂为基体,以平纹碳布和短切碳纤维两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂,制备碳纤维增强的碳/酚醛复合材料。采用氧/乙炔烧蚀实验对复合材料的耐烧蚀性能进行了对比性研究,采用电子拉力试验机对复合材料的弯曲性能进行表征,采用扫描电镜对复合材料烧蚀形面进行观察,并通过固体火箭发动机对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行考核验证。研究结果表明:以这两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂制备的碳/酚醛复合材料,其氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的大小与碳纤维丝束的大小具有正相关的特性,碳纤维丝束越小碳纤维质量烧蚀率越低,当碳纤维增强剂处于单丝状态时,复合材料的氧乙炔质量烧蚀率达到最低为0.046 g/s,并且碳纤维的型号规格对复合材料氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的影响变小。固体火箭发动机实验表明,单丝状态下的碳纤维/酚醛复合材料的抗烧蚀冲刷性能明显优于束状碳纤维/酚醛复合材料。