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1.
陈继峰 《酿酒科技》2008,(5):95-100
颜色对于红葡萄酒的感官质量起着重要作用,红葡萄酒中的呈色物质主要是花色苷,花色苷类物质的浓度与组成决定葡萄酒颜色的深度与稳定性.红葡萄酒的颜色受多方面因素影响,如酿造红葡萄酒的原料质量、栽培措施、发酵条件、稳定工艺、酵母菌、添加物(有机酸、色素酶、单宁等)及陈酿与贮存等.从多方面对有关红葡萄酒颜色的研究进行了阐述,并对我国红葡萄酒生产中存在的一些问题进行了讨论.  相似文献   

2.
红葡萄酒花色苷结构和颜色的关系研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
花色苷是红葡萄酒颜色的主要物质基础.本文根据花色苷结构,对其进行了分类,即基本花色苷(非酰化花色苷)、酰化花色苷、吡喃花色苷和聚合花色苷;并对其结构和颜色的关系进行了综述讨论,为葡萄酒颜色机理的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

3.
为探究天山北麓玛纳斯小产区干红葡萄酒的颜色及花色苷特征,采用CIElab颜色空间法结合高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱仪技术分别对玛纳斯小产区同一酿造技术的4个年份、4个品种共14款干红葡萄酒的颜色和花色苷物质组成进行鉴定分析,并进行相关性分析。结果表明,葡萄酒彩度C*ab和a*值具有相同的变化趋势,品种是其主要的影响因素。色相h*ab和b*值变化趋势基本一致,受陈酿时间影响最大,‘烟73’和‘美乐’存在颜色老化程度较大的问题,建立了14款干红葡萄酒的颜色特征图,酒样间颜色特征差异显著。在14款干红葡萄酒中均检测出15种单体花色苷物质,不同酒样单体花色苷组成比例和质量浓度显示出一定差异,主要受酿造年份、葡萄品种的影响。通过聚类分析分成6个类别。综上所述,颜色特征指标和单体花色苷组成及质量浓度反映在酒样的酿造年份、葡萄品种上均表现出一定的相关性。该文分析我国小产区多品种、多年份的干红葡萄酒颜色特征及与花色苷的相关关系,对了解该产区葡萄酒的颜色特性有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

4.
采用4种不同的储存容器(橡木桶、无釉陶坛、有釉陶坛和不锈钢罐)对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒进行处理,通过对比分析不同储存容器储存过程中样品总花色苷、游离花色苷和颜色参数的变化,研究陶坛储存对葡萄酒颜色的影响。研究表明,随着储存的进行,所有样品的总花色苷和游离花色苷含量均不断下降,其中有釉陶坛下降幅度最大,对花色苷的影响较大,橡木桶下降幅度在4种储存容器中最小。此外,橡木桶与无釉陶坛花色苷的变化趋势基本相同。不同处理样品颜色变化具有较大差异,其中有釉陶坛颜色变化较为明显,黄色色调较深,无釉陶坛颜色变为砖红色,黄色色调较有釉陶坛稍浅,橡木桶和不锈钢罐颜色变化相对较小。该研究为开发新的葡萄酒储存容器提供了数据支撑及理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
目的 对比分析贺兰山东麓同一酒庄不同品种单品葡萄酒中酚酸、黄烷醇、黄酮醇、花色苷含量差异, 明确不同品种葡萄酒特征酚类物质, 并探究酚类物质在葡萄酒品种鉴别中的可行性。方法 采集贺兰山东麓青铜峡产区一酒庄紫大夫、美乐、马尔贝克、赤霞珠、马瑟兰酿酒葡萄样品, 采用同一酿造工艺酿制成葡萄酒, 检测分析5个品种葡萄酒中多酚类物质组分特性及差异, 构建基于多酚和有机酸的葡萄酒品种鉴别模型。结果 不同品种葡萄酒间酚酸、黄酮醇、黄烷醇、花色苷组分含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05), 酚酸、黄烷醇、黄酮醇均在美乐葡萄酒中达到最高, 花色苷在紫大夫葡萄酒中达到最高; 建立了基于正交偏最小二乘法(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)判别分析方法的葡萄酒品种鉴别模型, 其整体正确判别率为100%。结论 基于葡萄酒中多酚可实现同一产地不同品种葡萄酒的准确鉴别。  相似文献   

6.
颜色作为红葡萄酒的重要感官指标,提供了葡萄酒的品质、类型以及储存期的稳定性,也成为了消费者选购葡萄酒的重要因素。酚类物质作为红葡萄酒的\"骨架结构\",对葡萄酒的风味、口感以及颜色等都起着决定性的作用。因此,系统的对影响红葡萄酒颜色的酚类物质进行总结归纳,以及对其对红葡萄酒的颜色影响进行研究具有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   

7.
贺兰山东麓年轻红葡萄酒的CIELab颜色空间特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用CIELab系统方法得到宁夏贺兰山东麓年轻红葡萄酒的颜色空间参数,并研究花色苷与颜色参数的相关性。以贺兰山东麓产区2012年份不同品种的10 个年轻红葡萄酒为材料,采用紫外分光光度计和pH示差法计算得出CIELab颜色空间参数以及总花色苷含量,通过相关性分析对葡萄酒各个颜色参数和总花色苷进行研究。结果表明:不同葡萄酒样品的明度L*、红度a*、黄度b*、饱和度Cab和色调角Hab等空间参数不同,表现出不同的颜色特征;总花色苷含量在161.2~287.8 mg/L,与参数L*、a*、Cab均呈显著相关性,决定年轻红葡萄酒的明度、色度及饱和度。  相似文献   

8.
为探究贺兰山东麓地区赤霞珠及梅鹿辄葡萄酒的颜色特征差异,以贺兰山东麓5个地区的‘赤霞珠’及‘梅鹿辄’葡萄为实验材料,测定其CIELAB色空间参数、酚类物质含量,并进行主成分分析。结果表明,贺兰山东麓葡萄酒CIELAB参数受品种及地区影响显著,具有较低的L*,而a*、b*较高,葡萄酒颜色较暗,红色色调较高;Cab*为47.46~60.82,酒样色彩饱和性较高。不同地区和不同品种的干红葡萄酒在颜色相关指标的主成分图上分布差异显著。金山赤霞珠葡萄酒的L*、a*等CIE参数均显著低于其他酒样,而花色苷、总黄酮等酚类物质显著高于其他酒样,酒体呈暗紫红色,明显区别于其他地区;玉泉营梅鹿辄葡萄酒的b*、hab较低,总花色苷显著高于其他酒样,酒体明亮,呈胭脂红色。各地葡萄酒颜色差异显著,具有各自特有的颜色特征。  相似文献   

9.
该试验以7个河西走廊新引红葡萄品种(系)作为材料通过小容器发酵工艺酿造干红葡萄酒,测定了酒样的基础理化指标,总酚、单宁、花色苷、黄酮醇、黄烷醇和酒石酸酯的含量,以及CIELab颜色参数,对新引品种葡萄酒的酿酒特性进行了分析,以期为新引红葡萄品种的推广种植提供理论基础。结果表明,未经人工调酸,新引葡萄品种酒样的总酸含量为6.71~9.64 g/L,陈酿1年后卡本内·维洛斯酒样总酸变化较小,或能助力解决目前西北产区葡萄原料酸度不足的问题。此外,马瑟兰酒样的黄酮醇和酒石酸酯的含量较高,分别为354.81、311.85 mg/L,具有保持颜色稳定的潜力。与此同时,卡本内·维洛斯、莱博、小味尔多和赤霞珠169酒样酚类物质含量较高,其中卡本内·维洛斯酒样总酚含量为2 349.70 mg/L,单宁含量为818.57 mg/L,具有良好的陈年潜力。  相似文献   

10.
桑叶葡萄和刺葡萄果皮中酚类物质的组成分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张明霞  刘崇怀  张静  樊秀彩 《食品科学》2011,32(14):264-267
采用超声波辅助法,利用甲醇从桑叶葡萄和刺葡萄果皮中提取花色苷,利用乙酸乙酯从两种葡萄果皮中提取非花色苷,液质联用定性定量分析两种葡萄果皮中花色苷及非花色苷酚的组成。桑叶葡萄果皮共检测出花色苷20种,非花色苷酚6种。刺葡萄果皮中共检测出花色苷6种,非花色苷酚15种。刺葡萄果皮中主要的花色苷是花翠素3,5-二葡萄糖苷和二甲花翠素3,5-二葡萄糖苷,而桑叶葡萄果皮以二甲花翠素3,5-二葡萄糖苷和3'甲基花翠素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷为主。两种野生葡萄果皮中主要的非花色苷酚是阿魏酸酒石酸酯及其衍生物,阿魏酸己糖酯和槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷,刺葡萄果皮中非花色苷酚的含量比桑叶葡萄中的多。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Grapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa red Vitis vinifera varieties have been sampled from two vineyard sites at different altitudes during three consecutive vintage years (1997, 1998 and 1999) in the Douro Valley. The total anthocyanidin monoglucosides (AMGs) detected by HPLC/DAD and the red colour of grape skin extracts were monitored during the last month of maturation. Microvinifications were performed with the grapes studied and the resulting Port wines were analysed. Malvidin 3‐glucoside and its acylated esters were the major AMGs irrespective of cultivar at harvest date. Vineyard altitude, together with other variables, was found to be an important factor contributing to the amount of anthocyanin compounds found in grapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa. Overall, the climatic conditions observed at higher vineyard sites appeared to be advantageous, resulting in larger amounts of AMGs in grapes. The same outcome was obtained in the resulting wines, which showed higher levels of AMGs when made from grapes grown at higher altitude, especially for Touriga Francesa. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

12.
以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,通过高效液气相色谱-质谱联用法研究单干单臂、单干双臂和单干双层双臂3 种整形方式对葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的影响,并采用聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)筛选不同整形方式间单体非花色苷酚的差异组分。结果表明:与单干单臂和单干双层双臂整形相比,单干双臂整形可以提高葡萄果皮中的槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷类黄酮醇物质的含量;单干单臂和单干双臂整形葡萄果皮中杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷、丁香亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷类黄酮醇类物质和表没食子酸儿茶素、儿茶素类黄烷醇类物质及原儿茶酸类、香草酸酚酸类物质的含量均高于或显著高于单干双层双臂整形,而单干双层双臂整形葡萄果皮中仅原花色素C1的含量较高。聚类分析结果显示,部分单体非花色苷酚类物质受年份的影响较大,且单干单臂和单干双臂整形对非花色苷酚类物质的影响模式类似,而两者与单干双层双臂整形区别较大。PLS-DA结果表明,不同整形方式的葡萄果皮中单体非花色苷酚类物质组分差异较大。槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷等黄酮醇类物质是3 类整形方式所处理的葡萄果皮的主要差异组分,且对单干双臂整形处理组的贡献值较大,单干双臂整形的葡萄果皮中含有较高的黄酮醇类物质含量。综上,单干双臂整形方式有助于葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的积累,可被应用于陕西关中地区酿酒葡萄的栽培生产中。  相似文献   

13.
    
《Journal of Wine Research》2012,23(4):251-269
This research tracked the variation in micro-oxygenated (MOX) Merlot wines exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 60 mL O2/L/month for 40 days, using compositional [total phenolics, flavanols, tartaric esters, flavonols, condensed tannins, anthocyanins (total, ionized), degree of ionization of anthocyanins, chemical age (i, ii)] and colorimetric [color density, color intensity, color hue, % yellow, % red, % blue, L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue angle and saturation] determinations. Two-factor analyses of variance, principal component analysis (PCA) and relative standard deviations (rSTDs) were used to evaluate MOX and tank variation. PCA also summarized the interrelationships among the determinations. Lower tank-to-tank variation was observed for higher MOX rates. The lowest rSTDs were observed for total phenolic and hue angle suggesting these variables were most sensitive for tracking MOX and tank effects, respectively. Duo-trio sensory tests discerned aroma, flavor-by-mouth and visual differences at the higher MOX treatments. The high number of significant inter-correlations among the many compositional/colorimetric determinations suggested that a subset of analyses could be used for the routine tracking of MOX treatments. With the high variability associated with delivery of low MOX rates in small tanks, it is recommended that winemakers monitor all tanks on an individual basis to ensure adequate quality control.  相似文献   

14.
利用酸改性凹凸棒石对红葡萄酒原酒进行澄清。主要考察酸的种类和浓度对凹凸棒石改性后对葡萄酒澄清的影响及凹凸棒石的添加量、不同澄清时间、不同澄清温度条件下葡萄酒的澄清效果。在单因素试验基础上结合响应面法对葡萄酒澄清工艺进行优化研究,确定澄清工艺最佳条件。结果表明:以3mol/L硫酸对凹凸棒石进行改性后对红葡萄酒的澄清效果较好,凹凸棒石添加量0.56g/L、澄清温度19℃、处理时间11.2h,在此条件下获得澄清度为90.6%,葡萄酒的稳定性好。  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The antioxidant capacity of wine depends not only on the grape variety but also on the wine processing steps. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different fining agents, used at different concentrations, on the antioxidant status of fined wines. The results demonstrated that the use of a combination of gelatin and Kieselsol led to the highest total phenol value (3,491 mg/L GAE) and antioxidant activities (29%) among the tested fining agents. Wines were mostly negatively affected by the use of egg white as an agent and led to the lowest value of total phenol (3,038 mg/L GAE) and the lowest rate of antioxidant activity (26%). Significant differences (p<0.05) were determined between gelatin, egg white, and the control groups. The results of the grouping of analyzed parameters in n‐dimensional space, with different fining agents at different concentrations, demonstrated the importance of a low concentration of fining agents for high antioxidant activity and total phenols.  相似文献   

16.
红枣多酚在酿酒过程中的动态变化初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用优质红枣和良好工艺,全程跟踪枣酒酿造,多点采样并严格制备,测定各样品总酚、黄酮含量及产品、酒渣中酚类对DPPH.和ABTS+的清除能力。结果表明:枣酒酿造中,酚类物质仅部分转至酒液。蒸煮浸提是其损失的主要原因,主、后发酵期间,酚类物质也有损失,但酒液中主要表现为总黄酮的损失。果胶酶处理利于其向酒液转移。成品酒和酒渣中的酚类均有较强抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

17.
    
The concentration of eight biologically important phenolic compounds (β‐coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, trans‐resveratrol, quercetin, (+)‐ catechin and (?)‐ epicatechin) of red wines produced on a pilot plant scale were determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in the selective ion monitoring mode (GC/MS‐SIM). The procedure involved an easy fractionation and liquid‐liquid extraction method. For derivatization, BSA [N,O‐bis‐trimethylsilyl aceta‐mide] / TMCS was used. The results showed that the p‐coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, trans‐resveratrol, quercetin, (+)‐ catechin and (?)‐epicatechin levels in the wine samples ranged between 2.05 and 4.21 mg/L; 21.78 and 60.83 mg/L; 0.33 and 0.82 mg/L; 1.50 and 4.06 mg/L; 0.96 and 3.93 mg/L; 2.66 and 3.14 mg/L; 8.72 and 11.30 mg/L; 5.50 and 9.58 mg/L, respectively. Although the quercetin and trans‐resveratrol levels of Turkish red wines were similar to previously reported values, (+)‐ catechin and (?)‐ epicatechin levels were lower than the values of red wines originating from other countries.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
M. Tosun    S. Ercisli    H. Karlidag    M. Sengul 《Journal of food science》2009,74(7):C575-C579
ABSTRACT:  The worldwide tendency for growing more small fruits, including raspberries, shows permanent increase because this group of fruits has a relatively higher content of bioactive nutrients. To study the health benefits of red raspberry fruits, 11 preselected wild-grown and 1 well-known cultivar, Heritage, were evaluated for some of their physicochemical properties such as fruit weight, total antioxidant capacity (measured by β-carotene bleaching and FRAP assays), total phenolics, ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC), and acidity. Fruit weight, SSC, and ascorbic acid contents were between 1.47 and 2.32 g, 10.87% and 13.60%, and 21 and 36 mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among genotypes and the ERZ5 genotype had the highest antioxidant capacity as ascertained by both methods. This genotype also had the highest total phenolic (2031 μg GAE/g FW) content. There are linear relationships between antioxidant capacities and total phenols. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain wild genotypes, notably ERZ5, for improving the nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programs.  相似文献   

19.
比较了不同酿酒酵母菌株发酵对红葡萄酒中花色苷组分的影响,为本土酵母的开发应用提供依据。采用本土自筛酿酒酵母菌株Y17和进口商业酵母菌株F15分别酿造干红葡萄酒,并利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)对葡萄酒中的花色苷成分进行检测。结果表明,不同酵母发酵葡萄酒中的花色苷成分种类大体相同,但各种花色苷的含量具有较大差别,本土酵母菌株Y17在发酵生产高花色苷含量葡萄酒方面具有优势。  相似文献   

20.
    
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the chemical composition of wine and its association with the grape variety/cultivar is of paramount importance in oenology and a necessary tool for marketing. Phenolic compounds are very important quality parameters of wines because of their impact on colour, taste and health properties. The aim of the present work was to study and describe the non‐flavonoid and flavonoid composition of wines from the principal red grape varieties cultivated in Mendoza (Argentina). RESULTS: Sixty phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids/derivatives, stilbenes, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols and dihydroflavonols, were identified and quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MS). Marked quantitative differences could be seen in the phenolic profile among varieties, especially in stilbenes, acylated anthocyanins and other flavonoids. CONCLUSION: The polyphenolic content of Malbec wines was higher compared with the other red varieties. Dihydroflavonols represent a significant finding from the chemotaxonomic point of view, especially for Malbec variety. This is the first report on the individual phenolic composition of red wines from Mendoza (Argentina) and suggests that anthocyanins, flavanols and phenolic acids exert a great influence on cultivar‐based differentiation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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