汽油调合调度优化

采用连续时间建模方法,建立了一种新的汽油非线性调合和调度集成优化的混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）模型,克服了当前在油品调合调度中采用线性调合模型或者将非线性调合过程和调度分开优化的缺陷。针对建立MINLP模型的特点,将原MINLP问题转化为求解一系列的混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型,避免了直接求解MINLP模型的复杂性。最后以某大型炼油企业为例,验证了模型和算法的实用性。     

考虑调度操作安全平稳性的炼油化工生产过程调度优化

平稳运行是炼油化工企业本质安全运行、生产经济效益和挖潜增效的重要保证,然而由于原油供应以及产品需求多变,炼油化工生产装置的多操作模式运行已成为普遍现象,调度调整也日渐频繁。现有的研究方法未考虑到装置多模式切换等调度调整对平稳操作带来的影响,甚至会导致调度操作方案实际不可行。为此,提出一种考虑调度操作平稳性的炼油化工生产调度优化模型,以解决常规调度优化模型优化产生的调度调整易使生产波动从而导致调度方案不可行的难题。考虑调度操作平稳性的调度优化模型采用离散时间表示,通过操作模式的切换与装置加工速率的波动综合表征系统平稳性,建立以生产成本最低为目标的调度优化模型。为了验证所提出模型在解决实际工业问题时的有效性,采用Julia的JuMP包调用Gurobi求解器对典型案例进行仿真求解。案例仿真结果验证了所提出模型的正确性及可实施性。与常规调度优化相比,以过程动态为表征的调度操作的平稳性提高了10%以上。     

印染车间作业计划优化调度

由于基于统一离散时间表示的生产过程优化模型的约束和变量多,基于连续时间的批处理短期调度在近10年得到了广泛的重视和研究。本文简略介绍了生产过程调度模型的情况,通过对生产过程优化调度模型和印染生产工艺的研究,建立了基于连续时间印染生产过程优化调度MILP模型。然后,通过把数学模型转换成IL-OG OPL语言描述的模型,以浙江省某印染企业2个案例为数据,利用ILOG CPLEX进行求解,调度结果以甘特图的形式表达。结果表明印染生产连续时间MILP调度模型的有效性,优化了车间生产资源的配置。     

机场加油车路径优化及调度问题研究

航班过站期间,航班会接受加油车、配餐车、清洁车、行李车等一系列的地面保障服务,其中加油车的运行是地面保障服务中至关重要的环节,对其运行方式进行优化,可以有效提升地面保障服务水平,并将资源进行合理和充分的利用。本文根据加油车调度具有时间窗约束的特点,凝练了保障航班正常起飞且尽量减少调度总成本的车辆路径调度模型,并对一般车辆路径问题求解方法进行归类总结。     

油轮到达时间不确定条件下的原油调度优化

原油调度是炼油企业生产的第一个环节,它直接影响后续生产过程的稳定性和经济性.文中采用连续时间建模方法.建立了油轮到达时间不确定条件下的原油从到港、卸载、储存、调合到进料全过程的随机规划机会约束调度优化模型,模型的优化目标是最小化给定调度时界内的总操作费用.采用直方图法对油轮迟到时间进行回归,得到油轮迟到时间的概率密度函数和分布函数,并引入置信水平,将模型中的不确定性约束转化为确定性约束,使得油轮到达时间不确定条件下的随机规划机会约束模型转变为可以求解的确定性混合整数非线性规划模型.针对原油调度模型的特点,采用广义Benders分解算法将原模型分解为两个混合整数线性规划问题和一个非线性规划问题进行迭代求解.避免了直接求解混合整数非线性规划问题的复杂性.最后,将建立的模型和算法应用于背景企业的原油调度过程,结果表明模型和算法都有良好的实用性.     

基于海上石油平台智能无人机路径规划优化方法

与陆地相比,海上石油开采所处的环境更复杂多变,所以对于无人机的需求也更显著。无人机最显著的应用就在于提高海上石油开采、石油平台运维与区域监控的及时性、安全性,最大限度提高现场的安全保障,还可用于加强海上石油平台应急回应管理,包括像火灾、石油泄漏、人员安全等各方面,均可提供实时态势感知。正因如此,关于海上石油平台智能无人机的应用路径规划优化,其科学性、合理性、高效率,有助于提供更快、更准确的决策支持。     

市场环境下的石油生产调度和资源配置优化方法

本文介绍了市场环境下炼油化工生产调度的特点,也分析了近年来石油生产调度的系统优化的几种方法,同时还提出石油公司科技资源配置的优化方法。为石油生产企业的调度系统应用提供了广阔的发展前景。     

交通生命线系统震后应急调度模型及方法

震后交通应急调度是地震救灾工作中的一个重要环节。对震后交通生命线系统的功能进行分析,将震后道路里程、车辆速度、行程延误、交通负荷度以及路网连通可靠度等因素遴选为震后交通生命线系统的交通阻抗效用指标,提出将这些效用指标转化为一种广义交通阻抗即运输时间的理论方法,考虑到震后应急物资调度是基于时间链的动态过程,假设调度至受灾点的物资是被连续消耗的,进而建立震后多需求点多服务点应急调度的双层决策优化数学模型,给出双层规划问题的动态优化算法,得到最优的应急调度连续可行方案。通过一个仿真算例进行了验证。     

基于碳排放量模型的全过程绿色建筑工程管理探究

节能减排对我国经济增长、改善环境至关重要。文章选取滨海文化中心——探索馆作为研究对象,采用全生命周期评价方法,将不同使用寿命下的建筑物的设计阶段、建造阶段、运营维护阶段、拆除回收处理阶段的不同使用年限的碳排放量进行定量化核算对比,依据分析结果对碳排放量重点阶段采取相应措施,达到全过程建筑工程管理的绿色低碳环保目标。     

基于绿色化工的化学反应路径选择

In the preliminary stage of chemical process design, the choice of chemical reaction route is the key design decision, and the concepts of atom utilization and environmental quotient have become extremely useful tools. However, the waste quality such as chemical toxicity and other engineering factors have not been taken into account. Therefore, a synthetic route selection index, /Route, is proposed to determine the suitability of a chemical route in this paper. /Route considers the effects of “extended atom economy”, material renewability, chemical characteristics and some engineering factors. The extended atom economy concept regards not only the value of the desired product but also the value of byproducts. The methodology by using IRoute to compare different routes is illustrated in case study of cyclohexanone oxime and acrylonitrile manufacture.     

Chemical Reaction Route Selection Based on Green Chemical Engineering

In the preliminary stage of chemical process design, the choice of chemical reaction route is the key design decision, and the concepts of atom utilization and environmental quotient have become extremely useful tools. However, the waste quality such as chemical toxicity and other engineering factors have not been taken into account. Therefore, a synthetic route selection index, IRoute is proposed to determine the suitability of a chemical route in this paper. IRoute considers the effects of "extended atom economy", material renewability, chemical characteristics and some engineering factors. The extended atom economy concept regards not only the value of the desired product but also the value of byproducts. The methodology by using IRoute to compare different routes is illustrated in case study of cyclohexanone oxime and acrylonitrile manufacture.     

基于拉盖尔函数的连续时间系统辨识

对直接使用采样数据进行连续系统子空间辨识的方法进行研究,将线性滤波方法与子空间辨识方法相结合,利用拉盖尔函数进行线性变换并消除模型高阶微分。数值仿真对比结果表明:笔者提出的方法能够使估计参数具有更小的方差。     

Expert System for the Design of an Industrial Fermentation Plant for the Production of Alcohol

A user-friendly expert system was developed for the design of large scale continuous fermentation units for alcohol production. This expert system utilized an intensive rule-based program, with a knowledge base structured using both expert knowledge data and industrial practices, as well as computer simulations. The simulation algorithm was developed from mass and energy conservation of continuous multi-staged plants and kinetic equations representing the fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The kinetic parameters were adapted from industrial data, leading to a reliable mathematical model that represented the industrial process reasonably well. Since the system was designed for continuous processes with several stirred tanks connected in series, the optimal volume profile and number of stages were previously optimized. The system developed could be utilized either for the design of industrial plants or for the improvement and modernization of existing plants. This system was shown to be reliable since the difference between theoretical calculations and practical results was minimal. © 1997 SCI.     

一种连续流反应器内射流耦合搅拌流的混合特性

连续式搅拌反应器采用连续化工艺,可以保证生产过程的连续性,相较于传统反应器而言,连续式反应器内流场更复杂,进料口射流对于流场的影响较为明显。对传统的双层搅拌桨结构的微波反应釜进行连续化改造,基于计算流体力学CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法对不同射流方案下反应器内醇油混合液的流动及混合特性进行了数值模拟,得到反应器内混合液的流动特性和混合时间特征。结果表明：射流通过直接影响射流区的流场和改变反应器内的循环涡流位置间接影响全局流动;射流方向对于反应器内流型影响更大,逆时针射流时反应器内的速度梯度大,流体之间的剪切作用更强,混合性能最佳,相较于传统的间歇式搅拌反应器,混合时间缩短了33%。     

A novel approach to scheduling multipurpose batch plants using unit‐slots

Several models for scheduling multipurpose batch plants exist in the literature. The models using unit‐specific event points have shown better solution efficiency on various literature examples. This article presents a novel approach to scheduling multipurpose batch plants, which uses unit‐slots instead of process‐slots to manage shared resources such as material storage. We develop two slightly different models that are even more compact and simpler than that of Sundaramoorthy and Karimi, Chem Eng Sci. 2005;60:2679–2702. Although we focus on material as a shared resource, our multi‐grid approach rationalizes, generalizes, and improves the current multi‐grid approaches for scheduling with shared resources. Our models allow nonsimultaneous transfers of materials into and out of a batch. We show by an example that this flexibility can give better schedules than those from existing models in some cases. Furthermore, our approach uses fewer slots (event‐points) on some examples than even those required by the most recent unit‐specific event‐based model. Numerical evaluation using literature examples shows significant gains in solution efficiency from the use of unit‐slots except where the number of unit‐slots required for the optimal solution equals that of process slots. We also highlight the importance of constraint sequencing in GAMS implementation for evaluating mixed‐integer linear programming based scheduling models fairly. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

浅谈在绿色化学研究中计算机的应用

简述了在确定绿色化学反应原料,反应路线和反应条件以及在工业生产中计算机的应用,重点介绍了计算机辅助催化剂设计的三种重要方法及设计过程。     

陶瓷自动配料柔性开发系统硬件的模块化设计

实现陶瓷自动配料是现代陶瓷墙地砖生产的必然发展方向,研制其柔性开发系统有利于实现自动配料系统的柔性开发,并且可大幅节约开发成本。介绍了陶瓷自动配料柔性开发系统硬件包括机械系统和电器系统研制过程中的模块化设计思想和技术。电器控制系统各模块之间采用标准接插件连接,便于设计、维修、移动和扩充,体现了模块化设计方法的优势。