Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金在γ+α'复相状态下的形状记忆效应

用Ｘ射线衍射和ＴＥＭ方法研究了Ｆｅ－１４Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ合金的应变诱发γ→ε和γ→α’马氏体相变行为,测试了几种合金为单相奥氏体以及奥氏体加α‘马氏体复相原始组织的形状记忆效应。探讨预应变前原始组织中存在的α’马氏体对形状记忆效应的作用。实验结果证实,这些合金从奥氏体加一定体积分数的α‘马氏体复相组织开始预应变,加热逆相变形状回复后,具有更高的形状回复率。     

热处理工艺对Fe-Mn-Si合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Fe-28Mn-4Si(Mg)合金形状记忆效应的影响.结果表明:合金形状记忆效应来源于应力诱发马氏体相变及其逆转变.固溶处理和训练处理,可对合金母相奥氏体产生强化作用,使其在应力诱发马氏体相变过程中不易发生滑移变形(滑移变形不利于形状回复),从而改善了合金的形状记忆效应.对合金热轧无缝管内径施以5%形变量,形变恢复率达45%.该恢复率足以用作管道连接管接头等紧固连接件.     

热处理工艺对CuZnAl形状记忆效应的影响

本文研究了不同的淬火时效工艺对Cu-26.16％Zn-3.79％Al(wt％)形状记忆合全马氏体相变的影响。试验结果表明:将合金加热到β单相区淬火后,立即在β_1状态时效一定时间(30～60min),可获得稳定的形状记忆效应,并保持马氏体热弹性特征。随着淬火温度的提高,M_3上升,热滞减少,记忆性能变佳;但淬火时效的温度过高,又会引起晶粒粗大,对疲劳强度有害。     

冷热循环对Ni─Ti形状记忆合金马氏体相变及形状记忆效应的影响

通过电阻及回复特性的测定,研究了在冷热循环条件下ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金记忆效应的稳定性问题。实验结果表明：对不同的ＮｉＴｉ合金固溶处理后,冷热循环对其形状记忆效应均产生影响。但时该合金在再结晶温度下时效处理或退火,冷热循环对其相变温度几乎均不产生影响。同时对产生以上规律的内在机制进行了初步探讨。     

Cu-Zn合金的形状记忆效应

通过扭转法和电阻测量法对Cu-Zn合金的形状记忆效应进行了实验研究。发现在M_s点以上,不存在热弹性马氏体的情况下,由应力诱发马氏体可以引起形状记忆效应。另外,在M_s点以下有热弹性马氏体的情况下,根据实验结果可以证明,应力诱发马氏体在形状记忆效应中仍然起主要作用。     

化学成分铁锰硅合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了三种不同成分的铁锰硅形状记忆合金。结果表明，合金Ｆｅ－１４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ具有较好的形状记忆效应。涨训练后，在预变形为４％￣９％范围内，相对应变回复率可提高４０％左右，绝对应变回复率可达６．２％。     

化学成分对铁锰硅合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了三种不同成分的铁锰硅形状记忆合金。结果表明，合金Ｆｅ－１４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ具有较好的形状记忆效应。经训练后，在预变形为４％～９％范围内，相对应变回复率可提高４０％左右，绝对应变回复率可达６．２％。     

The Application of Ni - Ti Shape Memory Alloys as Fasteners

Abstract

This article covers the various materials aspects of the shape memory alloys that go into the design of fastening devices. A brief overview of the shape memory phenomenon and the martensite transformation during free and constrained recovery has been given to clarify the role of the martensitic transformation in the success of this application. Finally, the design of an Ni-Ti-Fe fastening sleeve has been discussed.     

TiNiZr形状记忆合金的性能研究

系统地研究了锆对TiNiZr形状记忆合金性能的影响，对Ti49.4-xNi50.6Zrx(x=0,1,2,3)三元合金的相变温度进行了研究，表明合金相变温度随锆含量的增加先降后升；对合金系进行了机械性能及记忆性能研究，发现加锆后合金的机械性能和记忆性能都获得提高；此外还对Ti46.4Ni50.6Zr3的脆性根源进行了初步探讨。     

Ni-Ti形状记忆合金中的相变

根据作者的工作、并结合新近文献,对近等原子Ni-Ti合金中的相变作了系统的综述,包括:相变的顺序,无公度相变,R相变,马氏体相变,合金成分及热循环对相变临界温度的影响,逆相变及沉淀。     

铁基形状记忆合金热塑性

研究了Fe-Mn-Si形状记忆合金热塑性。结果表明:合金中硅含量的增加可提高合金的记忆效应,却严重损害合金热塑性;微量元素Mg的加入可大大改善合金的热塑性,而不降低记忆效应。由于Mg元素的加入,含Si量达4%的Fe-Mn-Si形状记忆合金也能顺利地热轧成无缝管,提高了Fe-Mn-Si形状记忆合金实用性。     

浅析NiTi形状记忆合金的疲劳机理

由于NiTi形状记忆合金具有可逆的热弹性马氏体相变效应等不同与一般金属的特性，使得其疲劳机理也不同于一般的工程材料。为此，本文侧重分析了温度变化对NiTi形状记忆合金疲劳机理的影响和应力诱发马氏体相变等特征相变过程，以及相关的研究方法与主要结果，将为进一步研究其疲劳过程及增韧工艺提供理论参考依据．     

Active Confinement of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Using Shape Memory Alloys

This paper presents experimental and analytical work conducted to explore the feasibility of using an innovative technique for seismic retrofitting of RC bridge columns using shape memory alloys (SMAs) spirals. The high recovery stress associated with the shape recovery of SMAs is being sought in this study as an easy and reliable method to apply external active confining pressure on RC bridge columns to improve their ductility. Uniaxial compression tests of concrete cylinders confined with SMA spirals show a significant improvement in the concrete strength and ductility even under small confining pressure. The experimental results are used to calibrate the concrete constitutive model used in the analytical study. Analytical models of bridge columns retrofitted with SMA spirals and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets are studied under displacement-controlled cyclic loading and a suite of strong earthquake records. The analytical results proves the superiority of the proposed technique using SMA spirals to CFRP sheets in terms of enhancing the strength and effective stiffness and reducing the concrete damage and residual drifts of retrofitted columns.     

形状记忆合金在航空航天领域的应用与进展

叙述了形状记忆合金的功能特性,并介绍了NiTi形状记忆合金在航空航天领域的应用及其进展。     

镍钛形状记忆合金的开发应用

综述了镍钛形状记忆合金在国内外的开发应用情况。对今后的发展提出了建议。     

磁性形状记忆合金的研究现状及发展

磁性形状记忆合金是一种新发展起来的形状记忆材料，合金具有大恢复应变、大输出应力、高响应频率和可精确控制的综合特性，有望成为压电陶瓷和磁致伸缩材料之后的新一代驱动与传感材料。系统阐述了近年来磁性形状记忆合金的研究进展，并着重介绍了目前研究最多的Ni-Mn-Ga合金的结构、相变、形状记忆效应、制备方法及其在应用方面的一些新的研究成果，并提出了磁性形状记忆合金需要深入研究的问题及其发展方向。     

Surface Actuation of Lightweight Mirrors with Shape Memory Alloy

The ability to create lightweight mirrors that can maintain surface accuracy is a major technical challenge for future space telescopes. Processing-induced errors and surface errors due to temperature excursions and gravity sag (zero gravity in space) make it impossible to correct the surface of thin mirror face-sheets by conventional point actuators. The challenges are compounded by the requirements for mirrors to have adequate stiffness for pointing accuracy. An experimental and analytical study was conducted to explore the feasibility of correcting the shape of lightweight (≈1 kg/m2) mirrors using a “Nitinol” (nickel-titanium) shape memory alloy (SMA). Shape memory alloys are increasingly used as smart devices in aerospace applications. Their primary advantage over other smart materials (i.e., piezo-ceramics and piezo-polymers) is in their ability to undergo large strains and displacements and thus enable the development of smart mechanisms. Active shape correction is the only means of mitigating heat and zero-gravity-induced distortions in space-based optical imaging systems. The repeatability and reliability of a possible actuation system based on properties of the SMA wires were studied by testing the stress-strain and stress recovery behavior under controlled conditions. Embedded SMA wires were then used to actuate a composite beam, and the movement induced by actuation was monitored with the Moiré interferometry method.