INFLUENCE OF Y,Ce AND La ON HIGH TEMPERATURE SULFIDATION OF Fe-25Cr-40Ni SUPERALLOY

The effects of Y,Ce and La on the sulfidation of alloy Fe-25Cr-40Ni have been investigated.The sulfidation rate of the alloys with RE more than 0.1 wt-% is lower than that of the basealloy.The addition of Y is more effective than La and Ce in lowering the sulfidation rate.Based on the analyses of the structure and composition of the sulfide seales,the sulfidationmechanism of the alloys with RE has been proposed.     

METASTABLE EXTENSION OF SOLID SOLUBILITY OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN Al

The splat folis of Al-RE(RE=Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Er and Yb)binary alloys of 0.04—0.06 mm thickness were made by are-melting and hammer-anviltechnique,the.cooling rate is in 10~6 K/s order of magnitude.The metastable extendedsolid solubilities of these RE elements have been evaluated by measurements of the latticespacings of the rapidly solidified(RS)Al-RE alloys,they are 0.4,0.15,0.21,0.21,0.3,0.5,0.1,0.6,0.65,0.7,0.75,0.2 at.-% for above individual RE clements,respectively.Thesecondary phase in RS Al-RE alloys were identified to be Al_4RE for alloys containinglight RE and Eu elements and Al_3 RE for alloys containing heavy RE and Y elements.Some factors influencing the extension of solid solubility of Al-RE alloy were discussed.     

RE-X二元合金相图的热力学数据库

利用CALPHAD方法,采用亚正规溶体模型、亚点阵模型以及理想气体模型来描述RE-X(Ag,Bi,Cr,Mn,Mo,V,Zn)中二元系各相的Gibbs自由能,并结合相平衡及热力学性质的实验结果,对Ag-RE(RE:Sc,Y Nd,Sm,Gd,.Tb,Ho,Er)、Bi-RE(RE:Nd,Tm,Er,Ho,Pr,Gd)、...     

稀土元素Ce和La合金化对AM60镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用电子探针-能谱分析,场发射扫描电镜X射线衍射等方法研究了稀土元素Ce和La合金化对AM60镁合金结构和耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Ce和La的加入可在AM60镁合金中形成了富含稀土元素的γ相（MgAlRE）;能有效抑制析氢,提高镁合金的耐蚀性能;改善镁合金在含Cl-溶液中的耐蚀性能;腐蚀产物膜的晶态主要成分为铝和锰的氧化物,并含有少量的稀土氧化物和氢氧化物.     

SULFIDATION OF Co-15wt%Y ALLOY IN H_2-H_2S MIXTURES AT 600-800℃

ＳＵＬＦＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣｏ－１５ｗｔ％ＹＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＨ_２－Ｈ_２ＳＭＩＸＴＵＲＥＳＡＴ６００－８００℃ＮＩＵＹａｎ;Ｆ．ＧＥＳＭＵＮＤＯ;ＷＵＷｅｉｔａｏ;ＺＥＮＧＣｈａｏｌｉｕ;Ｆ．ＶＩＡＮＩ;（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｆｏｒＣｏ...     

铸造Mg—RE—Zn—Zr合金的组织和性能

通过熔剂保护顺大气环境下制备了Mg-RE中间合金,并制备了Mg-MM-Zn-Zr,Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr和Mg-Nd-Y-Zr3种稀土镁合,对合金分别进行了热处理,测量了各种状态下试验合金的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率等力学性能,观察了合金的显微组织。结果发现：含稀土元素Nd,Y的试验合金有良好的热处理强化效果,其硬度和抗拉强度都高出常用的Mg-MM-Zn-Zr合金。从过饱和固溶体中析出的细小弥散的含稀土元素强化相既可提高镁合金的强度,又可以提高镁合金的塑性,使合金由脆性断裂转化为韧性断裂。     

铸造Mg-RE-Zn-Zr合金的组织和性能

通过熔剂保护 ,在大气环境下制备了Mg RE中间合金 ,并制备了Mg MM Zn Zr ,Mg Nd Zn Zr和Mg Nd Y Zr 3种稀土镁合金 ,对合金分别进行了热处理 ,测量了各种状态下试验合金的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率等力学性能 ,观察了合金的显微组织。结果发现 :含稀土元素Nd ,Y的试验合金有良好的热处理强化效果 ,其硬度和抗拉强度都高出常用的Mg MM Zn Zr合金。从过饱和固溶体中析出的细小弥散的含稀土元素强化相既可提高镁合金的强度 ,又可以提高镁合金的塑性 ,使合金由脆性断裂转化为韧性断裂     

稀土元素在Al中固溶度亚稳扩展研究

采用锤—砧技术制备了厚0.04—0.06mm快速凝固Al—RE(RE=Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Er,Yb)合金箔试样,冷却速度达10~6K/s,用点阵参数法测得上述稀土元素在Al中亚稳扩展固溶度分别为0.4,0.15,0.21,0.21,0.3,0.5,0.1,0.6,0.65,0.7,0.75和0.2at.—%测定了Al—轻稀土(包括Eu)系中第二相是Al_4RE;Al—重稀土(包括Y)系中第二相是Al_3RE,原子尺寸因素是控制RE在Al中固溶度亚稳扩展的主要因素。     

Influence of rare earth element Ce and La addition on corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Two types of AZ91 magnesium alloys containing rare earth element Ce or La were fabricated. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of new AZRE (RE = Ce or La) and AZ91 alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions (pH 6.50). Various corrosion rate tests indicated that addition of RE obviously enhanced corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The optimal content of RE was 0.92% for Ce and 0.66% for La. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and low‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the effect of RE addition on microstructure and corrosion product film of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The refined β phase and formation of γ phase in AZRE alloy were observed by SEM, which resulted in the improvement of corrosion resistance due to the depression of microgalvanic couples. Moreover, the enhanced protective effectiveness of corrosion products was another reason for the improved corrosion resistance.     

Fe－25Cr合金的预氧化－硫化行为

用热重法研究了Ｆｅ—２５Ｃｒ合金预氧化一硫化行为。本文采用从高温氧化后不经冷却至室温而直接转换到硫化的方法，避免了冷却造成的明显开裂。结果发现随着氧化时间的增加，硫化孕育期延长。Ｃｒ２Ｏ３层的失效是由于在氧化层中形成硫的快速扩散通道造成的。     

The sulfidation of pure Co, Y, and of a Co-15 wt.% Y alloy in H2-H2S mixtures at 600–800°C

The corrosion of pure Co and Y and of a Co-15 wt.% Y alloy in H₂-H₂S mixtures providing a sulfur pressure of 10^–8 atm. at 600–800°C and also of 10^–7 atm. at 800°C was was studied to examine the effect of yttrium on the sulfidation resistance of pure cobalt. The alloy was nearly single phase, containing mostly the intermetallic compound Co₁₇Y₂ plus a small amount of cobalt solid-solution. For all conditions except for 800°C under 10^–8 atm. S₂, the alloy formed multilayered scales consisting of an outer region of pure cobalt sulfide, an intermediate region of a mixture of cobalt sulfide with yttrium oxysulfide and finally an innermost layer of a mixture of yttrium oxysu fide with cobalt metal. At 800°C under 10^–8 atm. S₂, below the dissociation pressure of cobalt sulfide, the alloy formed only a single layer composed of a mixture of metallic cobalt with yttrium oxysulfide. Pure yttrium produced only the oxysulfide Y₂O₂S, as a result of the large stability of this compound and of the presence of some impurities in the gas mixtures used. The corrosion kinetics were generally rather complex, but except at 800°C under 10^–8 atm. S₂, the addition of yttrium reduced the sulfidation rate of cobalt, even though the formation of a continuous protective external layer of a pure yttrium compound was never achieved. Finally, when the gas-phase sulfur pressure was above the dissociation of cobalt sulfide the corrosion rate of yttrium was significantly lower than that of Co-15 Y. The internal sulfidation of Y in Co-15 Y was not associated with depletion of Y in the alloy. This difusionless kind of internal attack is typical of binary A-B alloys presenting a very small solubility of the most-reactive component B in the base metal A, which restricts severely the flux of B from the alloy toward the alloy-scale interface.     

Effect of mischmetal and yttrium on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloy

The effect of yttrium and mischmetal(MMs)on the as-cast and solid solution treated structures of Mg-Al alloys with different Al-contents was investigated.The results show that the MMs in Mg-Al alloy existed in rod Al4(Ce,La)compound while Y in Mg-Al alloy in polygonal Al2Y compound.The amount of Mg17Al12 in Mg-Al alloy is decreased with increasing Y or MMs addition,and Mg17 Al12 intermetallic compound is changed from continuous network to discontinuous one.The Al4(Ce,La)and Al2Y compounds are not dissolved into Mg-Al alloy matrix during solid solution treatment so that their high heat stability can be exhibited.The experiment of mechanical properties indicate that elongation and impact toughness of the Mg-Al-Y alloy with polygonal Al2Y compound are higher than those of Mg-Al-MMs alloy with rod A4(Ce,La) compound.     

Fe-25Cr合金的预氧化-硫化行为

用热重法研究了Fe—25Cr合金预氧化一硫化行为。本文采用从高温氧化后不经冷却至室温而直接转换到硫化的方法,避免了冷却造成的明显开裂。结果发现随着氧化时间的增加,硫化孕育期延长。Cr2O3层的失效是由于在氧化层中形成硫的快速扩散通道造成的。     

Mg,Ca,Y,La和Ce在Ni3Al中的合金化行为

利用Ｘ射线衍射法确定了合金元素Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ及Ｃｅ在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中的合金化行为。结果表明，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ及Ｃｅ原子占据Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中的Ａｌ位，并按以下顺序增加Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的有序度：Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ和Ｌａ－Ｃｅ。随着合金元素含量的增加，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的点阵常数亦按Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｙ，Ｌａ－Ｃｅ的顺序呈线性增大。     

铸态低钴贮氢合金RE(NiCoMnAlCu)5.1的电化学性能

研究了一系列低钴贮氢合金RE(NiCoAlMnCu)5．1合金的电化学性能。实验发现，稀土中La和Ce含量的变化对合金的放电容量和循环稳定性均有影响，一般是La含量较高的合金最大放电容量也较大，而Ce含量较高的合金循环稳定性较好，活化性和1C放电性能却相差不大。实验结果表明，通过调节混合稀土成分可以使得RE(NiCoMnAlCu)5．1稀土贮氢合金具有良好的综合电化学性能。     

High-temperature sulfide corrosion of cobalt-chromium alloys

The kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfidation of cobaltchromium alloys were investigated. It has been found that the sulfidation rate of low-chromium alloys, up to 2% Cr, is higher than that of pure cobalt. The one-layer homogeneous scale on these alloys is a solid solution of chromium sulfide in cobaltous sulfide. In the case of alloys containing more chromium, up to 43%, sulfidation rate decreases gradually with chromium content, the scale consisting of two layers. The growth mechanism of scales as well as the influence of chromium concentration on sulfidation rate is discussed.This work was carried out under contract No. 03.10 coordinated by the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences.     

RE（NiCoMnAl）电极合金中RE成分对微结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了4种具有A侧不同稀土组分的RE（NiCoMnAl）电极合金的微结构和电化学性能。研究结果表明，不论A侧稀土组分如何，铸态合金的显微组织为树枝晶形貌，晶体结构为CaCu5型六方结构，但合金的显胞体积随着A侧La被其他稀土元素的替代而减小。A侧的稀土组分对合金电化学性能影响明显，A侧为纯La时，合金的化学容量最大，倍率放电性能和充放电循环寿命较差；A侧的La被少量的Ce，Pr，Nd等稀土元素替代后，合金的电化学容量减小，倍率放电性能和循环寿命则有一定程度的改善，这与合金微结构的变化有关。     

Fe-15Ce合金的高温硫化腐蚀

研究了含15wt%Ce的Fe-Ce合金在600～800℃、H2-H2S气氛中的硫化行为,其硫的分压为10-3Pa.结果表明,Fe-15Ce合金的腐蚀速度比纯Fe慢,但比纯Ce快得多,随温度升高其腐蚀速度加快.该合金硫化后形成复杂的腐蚀产物膜,最外层为纯Fe的硫化物层,其下为Ce的硫化物与Fe的硫化物的混合物层;内层为Ce的内硫化区,与之相邻的基体金属层中没有贫Ce现象发生.Ce不能从合金的腐蚀区中向外扩散,而是在腐蚀区内原位地形成Ce的硫化物与Fe的硫化物的混合物.与纯Fe相比,尽管Fe-Ce合金的腐蚀速     

Effect of yttrium on the sulfidation behavior of Ni-Cr-Al alloys at 700°C

The sulfidation of Ni-10Cr-5Al, Ni-20Cr-5Al, and Ni-50Cr-5Al, and of the same alloys containing 1% Y, was studied in 0.1 atm sulfur vapor at 700°C. The sulfidation process followed linear kinetics for all the alloys except Ni-50Cr-5Al-1Y, and possibly Ni-50Cr-5Al, which followed the parabolic law. The reaction rates decreased with increasing chromium content in alloys without yttrium, and the addition of yttrium reduced the rates by at least a factor of two for the alloys containing 10 and 20% Cr and by an order of magnitude for Ni-50Cr-5Al. Alloys containing 10 and 20% Cr (with and without yttrium) formed duplex scales consisting of an outer layer of NiS_1.03 and an inner lamellar layer of a very fine mixture of Cr₂S₃ and A1₂O₃ in a matrix of NiS_1.03. The two alloys containing 50% Cr formed only a compact layer of Cr₂S₃, which was brittle and spalled during cooling. The lamellae in the duplex scales were parallel to the specimen surface and bent around corners. The lamellae were thicker than those on Ni-Al binary alloys. The lamellae were also thicker in scales on the 20% Cr alloy than on the 10% Cr alloy. The presence of yttrium refined the lamellae and increased the lamellae density near the scale/metal interface in the 10% alloy, but in the 20% Cr alloy the lammellae were thicker and more closely spaced. Platinum markers were found in the inner portion of the exterior NiS_1.03 layer close to the lamellar zone. A counter-current diffusion mechanism is proposed involving outward cation diffusion and inward sulfur diffusion, although diffusion was not rate controlling for alloys containing 10 and 20% Cr. Auger analysis of scales formed on Ni-50Cr-1Y showed an even distribution of yttrium throughout the layer of Cr₂S₃, suggesting that some yttrium dissolved in the sulfide. The reduced sulfidation rate of samples containing yttrium is explained by the possible dissolution of yttrium as a donor. The presence of Y⁴⁺ would then decrease the concentration of interstitial chromium ions in the N-type layer of Cr₂S₃, which would decrease the reaction rate.     

Structure and Property of AgLaY Alloy

Pure silvef, the eleCtric coniact material, hasbeen widely used in the electrical aPPliances.Because pure silver has low strength, bad heat-resistance and is inclined to erosion, however,the cold deforIned pure silver Product is eaSy tobe softened by natUral aging, which gre8tly re-striCts its aPplication. For this reason, many lit-eratUres have rePorted tha adding small amoUnof RE elements can haProve the general prOPer-ties of Ag-allOy In the Previous stUdies on RE-Ag allOy it is f…