基于不确定信息的时态索引技术

扩展了时态数据库中时态信息的表示方法，使它能处理不确定时态信息。并实现相应索引机制，从而为支持不确定时态信息的时态数据库打下基础。性能测试的结果说明，该索引不但在功能上支持不确定时态数据，而且在性能上也优于已有的时态索引技术。     

一种基于时态中间件的高效双时态索引模型

当前的时态数据库中间件不支持包含事务时间和有效时间的双时态数据索引,通过使用适当的数据变换和查询变换,可将双时态数据转化为R树可索引的数据.基于4R技术,提出了作为时态中间件TimeDB组件的双时态索引模型B4Rindex.实验证明,利用该模型对双时态数据进行索引是高效的.     

FQM-tree:基于B~+树的时态索引

提出了一种基于B~+树的、针对有效时间区间的索引模式:FQM-tree(fast query map tree).FQM-tree将有效时间区间映射为一维空间上的点,对映射点建立索引;同时增加一个基于内存的辅助索引结构,最大程度地减少对无效节点的访问.该索引结构具有如下优点:首先,将时问区间映射为点,可以直接利用已有应用成熟的、被广泛支持索引结构(如B~+树),这就意味着可以在数据库中快速实现对时态索引的支持,而无需更改DBMS的内核;其次,基于内存的辅助索引结构可以直接定位叶节点,提高了时态查询效率;另外,由于当前B~+树仍是数据库中应用最成熟、最广泛的索引结构,因此借助B+树的基本结构研究时态索引,使得时态索引能够快速地得到具体应用,所以FQM-tree的研究具有广泛的应用价值.理论分析及大量的实验结果均表明,FQM-tree的查询性能优于传统的时态索引方法.     

一种针对时空数据设计的时态索引

因为时空数据库庞大的体积,索引的搜索效率问题在时空数据库中显得非常重要。虽然前人提出的时态索引结构能够提高搜索效率,然而他们的搜索树都存在重叠问题,严重影响了时空对象的时态搜索效率。针对时空数据库中具有时态特性的时空对象,笔者借鉴R+树的原理,在文中提出了一种基于二维时态属性的索引机制—TR+树。它没有重叠问题,相对于前人的研究,TR+树提高了时间检索的性能,并且可以降低时空数据库系统的复杂度。     

偏序时态XML索引TempPartialIndex

时态数据管理是常规数据管理的深化和扩展,具有理论研究的意义与实践应用的价值.时态数据索引是时态数据管理的重要技术支撑,是其中的一个研究热点.首先,提出了一种时态数据结构,通过数据节点间的偏序关系,可将常规的二维时间区间的处理转化为基于偏序的时态等价类上的一维的处理,该数据结构可以快速有效地处理时态操作;其次,在该新型时态数据结构基础上研究了时态XML索引TempPartialIndex,其基本特征是将时态数据结构整合到非时态的XML索引中,即,将其整合到语义层之中,通过时态过滤和语义过滤掉大量节点之后,再进行结构连接;另外,着重讨论了基于TempPartialIndex“一次一集合”及其时态变量查询和增量式的动态更新机制.同时,仿真结果表明：TempPartialIndex能够有效地支持时态XML的各类查询及更新操作,技术上具有可行性和有效性.     

一种健全和有效的双时态索引技术

能为时态数据库设计出一种比现有的时态索引技术更健全且更有效的索引技术是当今时态数据库研究的主要问题,本文结合2R-tree索引、GR-tree索引和G4R-tree索引,提出了一种新的索引技术,称为G2R-tree索引。它能有效地处理所有类型的双时态数据,而且性能与4R-tree索引和GR-tree索引相当。     

基于不确定时态信息的索引技术

索引技术是时态数据库查询优化的重要方法之一。分析了时态数据库中的不确定时态信息以及基于不确定时态信息的索引技术,并详细讨论了能处理时间变元的改进的4R-tree索引技术的建立过程。     

基于时态数据类型的时态数据索引方法

在系统中引入时态数据类型,使得在关系数据库系统中能对时态数据信息进行方便有效的管理。该文给出了一个基于时态数据类型的时态索引方法：MAP21*3B+-Tree方法,通过对时态数据的各个域分别建立索引,实现双时态数据库的各种时态查询。     

一种可行的时态数据库索引技术

提出了一种基于历史关系数据库的时态索引技术,结合时空要求和时态数据库的特征对该索引技术进行了改进和优化,并将其与数据库传统技术一起应用以适应各种时态数据操作的需要。     

HyperFile: A data and query model for documents

Non-quantitative information such as documents and pictures pose interesting new problems in the database world. Traditional data models and query languages do not provide appropriate support for this information. Such data are typically stored in file systems, which do not provide the security, integrity, or query features of database management systems. The hypertext model has emerged as a good interface to this information; however,finding information using hypertext browsing does not scale well. We developed a query interface that serves as an extension of the browsing model of hypertext systems. These queries minimize the repeated user interactions required to locate data in a standard hypertext system. HyperFile is a prototype data server interface. In this article, we describe HyperFile, including a number of issues such as query generation, query processing, and indexing.     

Content-based indexing of multimedia databases

Content-based retrieval of multimedia database calls for content-based indexing techniques. Different from conventional databases, where data items are represented by a set of attributes of elementary data types, multimedia objects in multimedia databases are represented by a collection of features; similarity of object contents depends on context and frame of reference; and features of objects are characterized by multimodal feature measures. These lead to great challenges for content-based indexing. On the other hand, there are special requirements on content-based indexing: to support visual browsing, similarity retrieval, and fuzzy retrieval, nodes of the index should represent certain meaningful categories. That is to say that certain semantics must be added when performing indexing. ContIndex, the context-based indexing technique presented in this paper, is proposed to meet these challenges and special requirements. The indexing tree is formally defined by adapting a classification-tree concept. Horizontal links among nodes in the same level enhance the flexibility of the index. A special neural-network model, called Learning based on Experiences and Perspectives (FEP), has been developed to create node categories by fusing multimodal feature measures. It brings into the index the capability of self-organizing nodes with respect to certain context and frames of reference. An icon image is generated for each intermediate node to facilitate visual browsing. Algorithms have been developed to support multimedia object archival and retrieval using Contlndex     

Efficient Processing of Continual Range Queries for Location-Aware Mobile Services

Efficient processing of continual range queries is important in providing location-aware mobile services. In this paper, we study a new main memory-based approach to indexing continual range queries to support location-aware mobile services. The query index is used to quickly answer the following question continually: “Which moving objects are currently located inside the boundaries of individual queries?” We present a covering tile-based (COVET) query index. A set of virtual tiles are predefined, each with a unique ID. One or more of the virtual tiles are used to strictly cover the region defined by an individual range query. The query ID is inserted into the ID lists associated with the covering tiles. These covering tiles touch each other only at the edges. A COVET index maintains a mapping between a covering tile and all the queries that contain that tile. For any object position, search is conducted indirectly via the covering tiles. More importantly, a COVET-based query index allows query evaluation to take advantage of incremental changes in object locations. Computation can be saved for those objects that have not moved outside the boundaries of covering tiles. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the COVET index and compare virtual tiles of different shapes and sizes.     

移动对象索引技术研究进展

在位置服务、交通控制等移动计算领域,移动对象索引技术广泛应用于对移动终端的空间位置进行存储和检索。本文深入分析了移动对象历史轨迹、当前位置和未来位置预测等各种索引技术,并根据索引空间及结构的不同对现有移动对象索引方法进行了详细的分类比较与讨论,对移动对象索引技术研究方向进行了展望。     

A spatio-temporal semantic model for multimedia database systemsand multimedia information systems

As more information sources become available in multimedia systems, the development of abstract semantic models for video, audio, text, and image data is becoming very important. An abstract semantic model has two requirements: it should be rich enough to provide a friendly interface of multimedia presentation synchronization schedules to the users and it should be a good programming data structure for implementation in order to control multimedia playback. An abstract semantic model based on an augmented transition network (ATN) is presented. The inputs for ATNs are modeled by multimedia input strings. Multimedia input strings provide an efficient means for iconic indexing of the temporal/spatial relations of media streams and semantic objects. An ATN and its subnetworks are used to represent the appearing sequence of media streams and semantic objects. The arc label is a substring of a multimedia input string. In this design, a presentation is driven by a multimedia input string. Each subnetwork has its own multimedia input string. Database queries relative to text, image, and video can be answered via substring matching at subnetworks. Multimedia browsing allows users the flexibility to select any part of the presentation they prefer to see. This means that the ATN and its subnetworks can be included in multimedia database systems which are controlled by a database management system (DBMS). User interactions and loops are also provided in an ATN. Therefore, ATNs provide three major capabilities: multimedia presentations, temporal/spatial multimedia database searching, and multimedia browsing     

XSD: A Hierarchical Access Method for Indexing XML Schemata

Search operations and browsing facilities over an XML document database require special support at the physical level. Typical search operations involve path queries. This paper proposes a hierarchical access method to support such operations and to facilitate browsing. It advocates the idea of searching large XML collections by administering efficiently XML schemata. The proposed approach may be used for indexing XML documents according to their structural proximity. This is obtained by organizing the schemata of a large XML document collection in a hierarchical way by merging structurally close schemata. The proposed structure, which is called XML Schema Directory (XSD), is a balanced tree and it may serve two purposes: (1) to accelerate XML query processing and (2) to facilitate browsing. Received 15 March 2001 / Revised 12 April 2001 / Accepted in revised form 11 May 2001     

Index set: A practical indexing scheme for object database systems

Efficient indexing in a class hierarchy is essential for the achievement of high performance in query evaluation for object database management systems. In this paper, we present a practical indexing scheme, index set, which provides good index configuration for any real database environment. The proposed scheme considers the distribution of key values, as well as query patterns such as query weight on each class. The index set can easily be applied to any database system, since it uses the well-known B⁺-tree structure. We develop a cost model and, through experiments, demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme over various class hierarchies.     

高维空间数据索引结构分析研究

索引机制是数据库和多媒体领域的重要研究课题,很多在大规模数据集里进行相似性检索的应用都需要有效的高维索引结构来加速查询过程。本文总结了多维索引结构的特点、分类及查询方式,分析了影响索引结构性能的主要因素及其性能评价准则,最后介绍了索引结构的最新发展,并结合多维索引结构目前存在的问题,说明了今后研究的方向。     

基于内容的多媒体数据库系统引擎CDB

CDB(Content-based DataBase)是一种基于内容的多媒体数据库引擎，可以嵌入到通用的对象一关系数据库中，使数据库系统综合支持对多媒体数据的常规和基于内容的壹询．本文首先阐述CDB的体系结构，它把信息检索和数据检索结合到数据库中，支持多媒体数据库的基于内容的建立、操纵和维护；然后给出其层次型内容模型，描述多媒体内容的时空结构特征以及信息线索；最后描述用于CDB的基于内容信息检索技术及其设计和实现的用户壹询和操纵接口，包括示例壹询、主观颜色壹询、视频概要和浏览、扩展SQL内容壹询等．     

COMIB: COMposite Icon Browser for multimedia databases

COMIB(COMposite Icon Browser) is a graphical user interface for retrieval of multimedia databases. It gives users the effect of browsing and navigating multimedia objects simultaneously in a screen using composite icons, that may be thumbnails of the several nested attribute values of those objects. Users can specify these attributes with a mouse while browsing the visualized aggregation hierarchy. Both querying and browsing can be interleaved via query reformulation. We show how these features of COMIB overcome the three drawbacks of the browsing paradigm such as no overview of many objects, the repetitious short-sighted navigation, and the weak presentation of a multimedia object. We also explain the retrieval mechanism algebraically and describe the implementation of COMIB based on this mechanism.