Practical method for evaluating ground fault current distributionin station, towers and ground wire

The paper presents an original analytical procedure which enables a quick and, for practical purposes sufficiently accurate evaluation of the significant parts of the ground fault current, for a fault at any of the towers of a transmission line of an arbitrary number of spans. The advantages of the method are the simplicity and accuracy of the formulae for solving uniform ladder circuits of any size (from one up to an infinite number of pis) and any terminal conditions. The formulae are obtained by applying the “general equations of the line represented by discrete parameters” on a specific electrical circuit formed by a transmission line ground wire during ground faults. The presented method is suitable for analyses aimed at evaluating the maximum substation grounding system fault current, at selecting the ground wire capable of withstanding the fault currents and at the prediction of step and touch voltages near transmission towers     

超特高压同塔4回输电线路工频电场强度的计算

通过对输电线路适当等效建模,应用模拟电荷法在输电线内部设置模拟线电荷,计算了超特高压同塔4回线路的导线表面电场强度和距地面1.5m处的工频电场强度,并与目前的特高压双回鼓型塔、单回猫头塔、单回酒杯塔和单回紧凑塔进行比较。结果表明,同塔4回线路的导线表面电场强度不高于其他塔型,同时地面工频电场强度要明显小于其他塔型。其理论依据为同塔的500kV导线屏蔽了1 000kV导线在地面方向的大部分电场。     

基于雷电定位系统对一起220kV同塔双回输电线路雷击跳闸故障查找与研究

结合GPS雷电定位系统提供的地闪电流值,准确地对一起220 kV同塔双回输电线路雷击跳闸故障进行定位与查找,通过对现场杆塔尺寸、保护动作及接地电阻等资料的收集,采用反击耐雷水平和绕击几何电气模型等理论分析了线路跳闸原因,并提出了相关的整改建议。     

超高压串联补偿输电线路潜供电流仿真

相比于无串补的超高压输电线路,串联补偿超高压输电线路的潜供电流中含有低频率振荡分量。由于这些频率的存在,使得潜供电流的过零次数减少,不利于潜供电弧的自熄。建立了一个750kV超高压输电线路串补模型,并在Matlab中进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,当线路发生单相接地故障,在线路保护启动断路器跳闸时,同时合闸故障相的旁路断路器,以旁路对应的串补电容,将会有效降低潜供电流,有利于提高单相重合闸的成功率。     

基于同杆双回线跨线故障识别的选相方案

从同杆并架双回线跨线故障的特征出发,分析了现有主要选相元件在同杆并架线路发生跨线故障时存在的问题,提出了基于跨线故障识别的同杆双回线故障选相的新方案。系统发生故障后,选相元件首先根据故障后的零序电流、零序电压、正负序电流之间的关系等特征识别故障性质,针对双回线的跨线故障采用特殊的选相方案。可以有效地解决发生跨线故障时突变量选相元件和稳态选相元件存在的误动或者拒动的问题,提高了电力系统安全稳定运行和输电可靠性。     

Electric field and right-of-way analysis of Kuwait high-voltage transmission systems

This paper presents an intensive analysis of the electric field resulting from the realistic high voltage ac systems existing in Kuwait. Two HV ac systems are modeled and analyzed. One is a 3-phase, double circuit, bundle conductor operating at 300 kV and the other system with an operating voltage of 132 kV. The electric field is calculated at the ground level to standardize the right-of-way (R.O.W) limits for those systems according to the maximum allowable electric field strength at the edge of R.O.W imposed by the staff regulatory. The analysis of two 3-phase, 300 kV, double circuit, bundle conductors transmission lines adjacent to each other and running in parallel is also conducted. The effect of the spacing between the two lines on the maximum gradient at ground level is evaluated to set values to the R.O.W limits for this realistic system. Graphs are presented for a simple evaluation of the R.O.W for any value of the maximum allowable electric field at the ground level. The charge simulation method (CSM), with complex charges and complex boundary conditions, is used to model the above mentioned systems with a great accuracy.     

OPGW架空输电系统任一点接地短路电流分布的研究

架空输电线路发生接地短路时,短路电流在光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)上的分布对电力系统有重要影响。传统计算OPGW线上短路电流的方法大多采用工程简化计算和基于序分量法的计算,并且只考虑接地短路发生在杆塔处的情形,计算结果过于粗糙。为此提出了基于相分量模型对全线任一点接地短路电流计算的方法。分别提出接地短路发生在杆塔处和杆塔间不同的数学模型,进一步求解相导线和OPGW每一级档距上的电流。数值算例验证了在杆塔处接地短路分流模型的正确性,杆塔处接地短路的分流结果进一步验证了杆塔间接地短路分流模型的正确性,并在实际工程中进行了应用。对于复杂的OPGW架空输电系统,基于相分量模型的计算方法能够准确计算全线任一点发生接地短路时,OPGW线上短路电流的分布情况。     

基于双频法的树形配电线路单相断线兼接地故障诊断

针对树形配电线路特点，建立分布参数电路模型，利用故障后线路起始端的电压，电流相量，提出了树形配电线路单相断线兼接地故障定位新算法。本方法将始端相量逐分支向后传递故障点逐分支探索的方法实现故障测距，并利用双频法识别真伪故障。     

采用虚拟网络加网络操作法的双回线故障计算方法

文中在双回线故障端口接入结构固定的虚拟网络，采用对虚拟网络进行网络操作的方法模拟双回线跨线短路故障、断相故障或跨线短路加断相故障，建立起双回线各种故障计算的统一模型。基于线性电路的基本定理，借助于相序参数变换技术，提出了一种针对双回线各种故障计算的新方法。该方法的优点为：①双回线跨线短路故障、断相故障和跨线短路加断相故障具有统一的计算模型和计算方法；②可精确地模拟双回线金属性或非金属性跨线短路故障、完全或不完全断相故障，以及由它们组合而成的各种跨线短路加断相故障；③对双回线是否存在公共母线无特殊要求；④无需形成复合序网，适用于序相两种坐标。     

等电位更换110kV双回线路直线铁塔绝缘子

针对110 kV线路小间距双回路垂直排列直线塔结构特点,论证了利用特制绝缘悬臂梯进入强电场等电位进行110ZGU1、110ZGU2型等双回路直线铁塔更换绝缘子串、更换附件、处理防振锤等工作的可行性,并介绍了相应的实施方法以及实用效果。完成了带电检修和消除缺陷的目的。彻底解决了110 kV小间距多回垂直排列塔无法进入等电位进行带电作业的难题。     

基于平行双回线单端实时数据的准确故障测距实用新方法

针对平行双回输电线的构成特点 ,提出了利用平行双回线单端实时数据进行准确故障测距的新算法。算法从原理上可完全消除过渡电阻、负荷电流及系统阻抗参数变化等因素对测距精度的影响 ,解决了平行双回线单线故障的准确测距问题。算法只需求解一元一次方程 ,运算量比已有同类测距算法小得多。     

基于平行双回线单端实时数据的准确故障测距实用新方法

针对平行双回输电线的构成特点,提出了利用平行双回线单端实时数据进行准确故障测距的新算法。算法从原理上可完全消除过渡电阻、负荷电流及系统阻抗参数变化等因素对测距精度的影响,解决了平行双回线单线故障的准确测距问题。算法只需求解一元一次方程,运算量比已有同类测距算法小得多。     

基于电流计算的同杆双回线故障测距算法研究

针对当前双回线故障测距研究匮乏,且易受故障类型约束的弊端,提出了基于电流计算的同杆双回线故障测距算法。该算法不受单回线、跨线故障约束,基于线路的分布参数π型等值电路模型,利用两端电流求解实现测距,测距方程简单易解,不易受系统运行方式和两侧系统参数的影响。PSCAD故障仿真和Matlab数值计算结果表明,提出的新算法可靠实用,具有优良的测距精度,基本不受过渡电阻和故障类型的影响,适用性强。     

新型同杆并架双回线故障选相方案研究

从同杆并架并架双回线跨线故障和单回线故障的不同电气特征出发,分析了现有的主要选相元件在同杆并架线路发生跨线故障时所存在的问题,提出了基于跨线故障识别的同杆并架双回线故障选相的新方案。系统发生故障后,保护首先根据故障后的零序电流和零序电压,正负序电流之间的关系等特征判别故障性质(跨线或者单线故障),单回线故障和跨线故障采用不同的选相方案。可以有效地解决发生跨线故障时突变量选相元件和稳态选相元件存在的误动或者拒动的问题。     

基于磁场测量的配电网单相接地选线及定位新方法

输电线路发生接地故障时,架空线下方磁场能反映线路故障信息。输电线路短路电流大小不同,线路下方磁场相应地不同,即输电线路下方磁场的变化能够完全反映线路中电流的变化,磁场可以应用到电力系统保护中。配电网多为单端电源供电方式,针对配电网的复杂性及传统定位方法精度不高提出了一种基于磁场的非接触式故障选线及定位的新方法。利用磁阻传感器非接触测量杆塔下方磁场,根据磁场的幅值和相位选出故障线路,确定故障点位置。磁阻传感器测量精度高,成本低,故障距离可以确定在两个杆塔之间。利用MATLAB建立线路模型,仿真验证了理论的可行性。     

基于电磁暂态程序的架空地线分流系数的计算

为了准确计算变电站接地网接地短路电流和架空地线的分流系数,以某500 kV输电系统为例,采用电磁暂态程序(the alternative transient program-electormagnetic transient program,ATP/EMTP)对系统中各主要元件进行建模,计算变电站内、外发生单相接地故障时短路电流的分布和架空地线的分流系数,分析变电站接地网接地电阻、杆塔接地电阻、地线型号、线路长度、变电站外短路位置等对其接地短路电流和地线分流系数的影响,得出接地网电阻、杆塔接地电阻增大,出线回路数减少时,接地短路电流增大,架空地线的分流系数减小的结论。     

变电站内短路时架空地线分流系数的计算方法

变电站内短路时架空地线分流系数是确定变电站接地电阻目标值的基础数据.通过分析变电站内短路时架空地线分流的电路模型,提出一种利用回路电流法计算单条线路的架空地线分流系数的方法,并将其推广到所有线路分流系数的计算.与现场实测数据的对比结果证明了所提方法的准确性.     

Efficient reduction of fault current through the grounding grid ofsubstation supplied by cable line

The paper presents an analytical procedure suitable for the determination of the part of the ground fault current emanating from the substation grounding grid in the conditions when a particular measure has been taken to reduce it. The practical realization of this measure can be simply described as burying one bare copper wire of a certain length in the same trench as the cable feeding line. In the case of an overhead feeding line, the similar measure is denoted in the expert literature as the “counterpoise”. The presented method enables a quick and, for practical purposes, sufficiently accurate evaluation of the copper wire length providing the maximum possible reduction of the substation grid current. The conveniences of the method result from the simplicity of the formulae for the determination of the realized grid current reduction at the effective copper wire length     

0.4kV配电室进线保护回路的优化方案

针对采用双电源单母线分段控制方式,0.4 kV配电室低压进线,且带电流保护的断路器,存在无法对其进行预防性试验等弊端,提出了一些对低压配电室进线电流保护回路的优化设计改造方案。通过采用SPAJ140C组合式过电流和接地故障继电器（以下简称140C综合保护继电器）作为0.4 kV进线电流保护的方法,实现了当0.4 kV设备发生电流故障时140C综合保护继电器能快速、可靠切除故障回路,解决0.4 kV进线电流保护的弊端问题。     

Assumption or Fact? Line-to-Neutral Voltage Expression in an Unbalanced 3-Phase Circuit During Inverter Switching

This paper discusses the situation in a 3-phase motor or any other 3-phase system operating under unbalanced operating conditions caused by an open fault in an inverter switch. A dc voltage source is assumed as the input to the inverter, and under faulty conditions of the inverter switch, the actual voltage applied between the line to neutral (open neutral) of the 3-phase circuit is derived, based on the inverter switching table. This issue is very important, since during motor analysis and simulation it very often becomes necessary to use a line-to-neutral voltage as input to the simulation process or analysis, for which current is the output. The paper studies the necessary and sufficient conditions required for the line-to-neutral voltages indicated in the switching truth table to be true.