大直径半绝缘4H-SiC单晶生长及表征

采用升华法稳定地生长出7.62 cm半绝缘4H-SiC单晶。通过优化钒掺杂工艺获得了均匀分布的电阻率1011Ω·cm。用激光拉曼光谱仪对晶片进行扫描,结果表明SiC单晶晶型为4H晶型。半绝缘4H-SiC单晶微管密度最好结果小于2 cm-2。用高分辨X射线衍射术表征了7.62 cm 4H-SiC单晶衬底片的结晶质量,（0004）衍射摇摆曲线半峰宽为40＂,说明晶体结晶性较好。     

籽晶偏向对高纯半绝缘4H-SiC晶体影响的研究

采用PVT法得到高纯4H-SiC体单晶。研究了0°、1°、4°晶体对晶体台阶流、晶体结晶质量、晶体缺陷、晶体电学性能的影响;晶体台阶流采用奥林巴斯显微镜进行表征,晶体缺陷采用莱卡体系显微镜进行表征,晶体结晶质量采用高分辨XRD进行表征,晶体电学性能采用非接触电阻率测试仪进行表征。实验结果表明:4°籽晶生长的晶体缺陷最少,1°与4°籽晶生长的晶体结晶质量相当,0°籽晶生长的晶体电学性能最均匀。     

退火对掺钒半绝缘4H-SiC晶片质量影响的研究

通过物理气相传输(PVT)法成功地生长出直径大于7.62 cm的掺钒半绝缘4H-SiC晶体。抛光后的掺钒半绝缘4H-SiC晶片在真空且温度1 600℃～2 000℃条件下进行退火处理,利用高分辨X-ray衍射仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、非接触电阻率测试仪和应力仪对退火前后的晶片进行了测试与分析,研究了退火工艺对掺钒半绝缘4H-SiC晶片应力的影响,并且得到了合适的退火工艺。结果表明:合适的退火处理有利于进一步提高晶片的质量。     

兰色发光二极管用的SiC衬底材料的单晶生长

由Al,N掺杂的n型层和Al掺杂的P型层组成的高效SiC兰色发光二极管是在单晶6H-SiC衬底上用液相外延生长的。至今,通过Lely法或Acheson工艺生长的晶片已被用作衬底材料。但其不规则形状和约1cm~2的有限面积是SiC兰色发光二极管大规模生产的主要障碍。本文叙述了根据Lely工艺得到的较大SiC单晶锭的一种新方法。由于适当调整温度分布,所以结晶主要发生在反应室里与籽晶顶端相接的有限面积上。晶体生长在2200℃出现。用掺Al粉末和非掺杂SiC粉末的混     

3英寸高纯半绝缘6H-SiC单晶的研制

采用物理气相传输(PVT)工艺,成功制备出3英寸高纯半绝缘(HPSI)6H-SiC单晶。依据氮在碳化硅晶格中占碳位的规律,通过生长过程温度和压力等工艺参数的优化,减少生长前沿碳空位的数量,实现了在较高碳硅比气氛下低氮含量碳化硅单晶生长的目标。二次离子质谱(SIMS)测试给出了晶体中氮及其他杂质的控制水平,证明单晶的高纯属性;非接触电阻率Mapping(CORE-MA)和电子顺磁共振(EPR)测试进一步证实其高纯半绝缘特性。     

掺V 6H-SiC单晶生长表面V析出相研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)观察物理气相传输(PVT)法生长掺V6H-SiC单晶新鲜表面时,发现具有特定形状的析出相,经SEM能谱(EDX)测试确定析出相的主要成分是V,推断其在单晶生长结束后的降温过程中产生。通过对V析出相的进一步研究发现其在数量、尺寸以及方向上都与单晶生长中心具有一定的关系,具有特定的分布规律,任何一个视场,析出相的取向只有两种,且数量相当,这一结果说明结晶动力学对V的掺入具有一定的影响;当结晶温度较高时,这种影响不明显,但随着结晶区温度的降低,影响加剧,从而出现析出相,且析出相的结晶行为完全受晶体表面形貌的制约。     

掺氮6H-SiC单晶的电阻率、迁移率及自由载流子浓度

测试了国产和美国Cree公司生产的n型6H-SiC低温下的电学参数,包括电阻率、迁移率和自由载流子浓度,并用FCCS软件数据拟合分析得到两种SiC的杂质浓度和能级.实验结果表明:杂质浓度和补偿度对低温下SiC的电性能有很大影响,轻度补偿的掺氮6H-SiC是施主氮的两个能级共同起作用;而重度补偿的6H-SiC在低温时则是受主能级起作用,并且后者迁移率随温度变化曲线的峰值降低并右移.同时发现重度补偿的SiC在较低温度时由n型转变成了p型,并从理论上分析了产生这种现象的原因.     

掺Si补偿Cu高阻n-GaAs单晶

用水平布里奇曼法(HB法)研制掺Si补偿Cu的n-GaAs高阻单晶.既要提高多晶背景纯度,减少总杂质含量(包括减少掺Cu量和掺Si量,单晶中Cu的质量分数要≤2.00×10-5,Si的质量分数要≤1.00×10-6),又要采用熔体Cu,Si双掺的方法生长单晶,将单晶切片,并划成圆片,然后分组放入炉内在确定温度下和一定时间内进行退火.研制中发现Cu主要集中在晶体表面,导致同一晶片的上部呈p型高阻,而中下部呈n型低阻,退火可使Cu在晶片中均匀分布.     

掺氮6H-SiC单晶的电阻率、迁移率及自由载流子浓度

测试了国产和美国Cree公司生产的n型6H-SiC低温下的电学参数,包括电阻率、迁移率和自由载流子浓度,并用FCCS软件数据拟合分析得到两种SiC的杂质浓度和能级.实验结果表明:杂质浓度和补偿度对低温下SiC的电性能有很大影响,轻度补偿的掺氮6H-SiC是施主氮的两个能级共同起作用;而重度补偿的6H-SiC在低温时则是受主能级起作用,并且后者迁移率随温度变化曲线的峰值降低并右移.同时发现重度补偿的SiC在较低温度时由n型转变成了p型,并从理论上分析了产生这种现象的原因.     

铟掺杂ZnO体单晶的生长及其性质

研究了In掺杂n型zno体单晶的化学气相传输法生长和材料性质.利用霍尔效应、x射线光电子能谱、光吸收谱、喇曼散射、阴极荧光谱等手段对晶体的特性和缺陷进行r分析.掺In后容易获得浓度为1018～lO19cm-3的n型ZnO单晶,掺人杂质的激活效率很高.随着掺杂浓度的提高,znO单晶的带边吸收和电学性质等发生明显的变化.分析了掺In-ZnO单晶的缺陷及其对材料性质的影响.     

Positive temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage in 4H-SiC pnjunction rectifiers

It has been suggested that once silicon carbide (SiC) technology overcomes some crystal growth obstacles, superior SiC semiconductor devices would supplant silicon in many high-power applications. However, the property of positive temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage, a behavior crucial to realizing excellent power device reliability, has not been observed in 4H-SiC, which is presently the best-suited SiC polytype for power device implementation. This paper reports the first experimental measurements of stable positive temperature coefficient behavior observed in 4H-SiC pn junction rectifiers. This research indicates that robust 4H-SiC power devices with high breakdown reliability should be achievable after SiC foundries reduce material defects such as micropipes, dislocations, and deep level impurities     

氯基条件下4H-SiC衬底的同质外延生长研究

利用课题组自主研发的热壁低压化学气相沉积(HWLPCVD)系统,在朝[11-20]方向偏转4°的(0001)Si面4H-SiC衬底上进行快速同质外延生长,研究了生长温度及氯硅比(Cl/Si比)对外延生长速率的影响机理.研究发现,外延生长速率随生长温度的提高呈线性增加,而Cl/Si比的改变对生长速率的影响不大.文章进一步探究了Cl/Si比对4H-SiC外延层表面缺陷的影响.较低的Cl/Si比(0.4～2)可以减少或消除三角缺陷,Cl/Si比较高(大于5)时,表面质量反而下降,因而,适当的Cl/Si比对于获得表面形貌良好的4H-SiC外延层至关重要.     

无偏角4H-SiC同质外延温场分布系数的仿真及实验研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法进行碳化硅(4H-SiC)同质外延生长,生长过程中温场分布是决定外延层质量的关键因素。对CVD系统的温场分布进行了仿真研究,并采用无偏角4H-SiC衬底进行同质外延生长实验验证。结果表明,无偏角4H-SiC外延层中的3C-SiC多型体夹杂与生长室温场分布密切相关。实验数据验证了仿真结果,两者的温度分布具有高度一致性,这也证明了仿真数据的有效性。     

Micropipe and dislocation density reduction in 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC structures grown by liquid phase epitaxy

We investigated silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The layers were grown on 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC well-oriented (0001) 35 mm diameter commercial wafers as well as on 6H-SiC Lely crystals. A few experiments were also done on off-axis 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC substrates. Layer thickness and growth rate ranged from 0.5 to 50 microns and 0.5 to 10 μm/h, respectively. Layers were investigated by x-ray diffraction, x-ray topography, and selective chemical etching in molten KOH. It was found that dislocation and micropipe density in LPE grown epitaxial layers were significantly reduced compared with the defect densities in the substrates.     

4H-SiC低压热壁CVD同质外延生长及特性

为了获得高质量4H-SiC外延材料,研制出一套水平式低压热壁CVD(LP-HWCVD)生长系统,在偏晶向的4H-SiC Si(0001)晶面衬底上,利用"台阶控制生长"技术进行了4H-SiC的同质外延生长,典型生长温度和压力分别为1500℃和1.3×103Pa,生长速率控制在1.0μm/h左右.采用Nomarski光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射、Raman散射以及低温光致发光测试技术,研究了4H-SiC的表面形貌、结构和光学特性以及用NH3作为n型掺杂剂的4H-SiC原位掺杂技术,并在此基础上获得了4H-SiC p-n结二极管以及它们在室温及400℃下的电致发光特性,实验结果表明4H-SiC在Si不能工作的高温环境下具有极大的应用潜力.     

Significantly improved performance of MOSFETs on silicon carbideusing the 15R-SiC polytype

Recent studies regarding MOSFETs on SiC reveal that 4H-SiC devices suffer from a low inversion layer mobility, while in 6H-SiC, despite a higher channel mobility the bulk mobility parallel to the c-axis is too low, making this polytype unattractive for power devices. This work presents experimental mobility data of MOSFETs fabricated on different polytypes as well as capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements of corresponding n-type MOS structures which give evidence that the low inversion channel mobility in 4H-SiC is caused by a high density of SiC-SiO₂ interface states close to the conduction band. These defects are believed to be inherent to all SiC polytypes and energetically pinned at around 2.9 eV above the valence band edge. Thus, for polytypes with band gaps smaller than 4H-SiC like 6H-SiC and 15R-SiC, the majority of these states will become resonant with the conduction band at room temperature or above, thus remarkably suppressing their negative effect on the channel mobility. In order to realize high performance power MOSFETs the results reveal that 15R-SiC is the best candidate among all currently accessible SiC polytypes     

Temperature dependence of Fowler-Nordheim current in 6H- and 4H-SiCMOS capacitors

This work reports on Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) injection studies on n-type 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC MOS systems under positive gate bias from 25 to 325°C. At a given temperature and electric field, the current density in the 4H-SiC MOS system is about five times higher than that in 6H-SiC due to the smaller effective barrier height for the 4H-SiC MOS system as compared to 6H-SiC. The reduction of the effective barrier height with temperature, particularly in 4H-SiC, raises serious concerns about the long-term reliability of gate oxides in SiC. It is concluded that the maximum practical values of electric field in the 4H-SiC MOS system under positive gate bias and high junction temperature should be reduced to below the values used in the Si MOS system     

4H-SiC npn双极型晶体管的研制

采用国产的4H-SiC外延材料和自行开发的SiC双极晶体管的工艺技术,实现了4H-SiC npn双极晶体管特性。为避免二次外延或高温离子p+注入等操作,外延形成n+/p+/p/n-结构材料,然后根据版图设计进行相应的刻蚀,形成双台面结构。为保证p型基区能实现良好的欧姆接触,外延时在n+层和p层中间插入适当高掺杂的p+层外延,但也使双极晶体管发射效率降低,电流放大系数降低。为提高器件的击穿电压,在尽量实现低损伤刻蚀时,采用牺牲氧化等技术减少表面损伤及粗糙度,避免表面态及尖端电场集中,并利用SiC能形成稳定氧化层的优势来形成钝化保护。器件的集电结反向击穿电压达200 V,集电结在100 V下的反向截止漏电流小于0.05 mA,共发射极电流放大系数约为3。     

P-type 4H and 6H-SiC high-voltage Schottky barrier diodes

High-voltage Schottky barrier diodes have been successfully fabricated for the first time on p-type 4H- and 6H-SiC using Ti as the barrier metal. Good rectification was confirmed at temperatures as high as 250°C. The barrier heights were estimated to be 1.8-2.0 eV for 6H-SiC and 1.1-1.5 eV for 4H-SiC at room temperature using both I-V and C-V measurements. The specific on resistance (R_on,sp) for 4H- and 6H-SiC were found to be 25 mΩ cm^-2 and 70 mΩ cm^-2 at room temperature. A monotonic decrease in resistance occurs with increasing temperature for both polytypes due to increased ionization of dopants. An analytical model is presented to explain the decrease of R_on,sp with temperature for both 4H and 6H-SiC which fits the experimental data. Critical electric field strength for breakdown was extracted for the first time in both p-type 4H and 6H-SiC using the breakdown voltage and was found to be 2.9×10⁶ V/cm and 3.3×10⁶ V/cm, respectively. The breakdown voltage remained fairly constant with temperature for 4H-SiC while it was found to decrease with temperature for 6H-SiC     

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition- grown AIN on 6H-SiC for metal-insulator-semiconductor device applications

Aluminum nitride is a promising insulator for the fabrication of 6H-silicon carbide (6H-SiC) metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices for high temperature and high power applications. Due to the fact that the electrical response of a Au/AlN/SiC MIS structure is sensitive to the quality of the insulator-semiconductor interface as well as the insulator itself, growth of AlN on 6H-SiC using different growth procedures will produce AlN/6H-SiC structures of different electrical characteristics. In this study, we compared the capacitance-voltage, dc current voltage and high electric field breakdown characteristics of various AlN/6H-SiC MIS structures grown by different low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth procedures. Our results demonstrated that depending on the growth procedure, Au/AlN/SiC MIS structures with low current leakage, low interface state density, good high temperature stability and high electric field breakdown voltage could be obtained.