N—乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合反应的研究

研究了乙烯基吡咯烷酮在水、乙醇、异丙醇、苯溶剂中,以偶氮二异丁腈、氧－过氧化氢为引发剂进行的自由基聚合,考察了不同引发剂、引发剂用量、反应温度、单体和溶剂比对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子量的影响。     

吡拉西坦合成工艺的改进

以α-吡咯烷酮为起始原料，经与甲醇钠反应得到吡咯烷酮钠盐■，再与氯乙酸甲酯缩合得到吡咯烷酮乙酸甲酯■，最后经过氨解反应得吡拉西坦■。该制备方法三废少、污染小、效率高、收率高，具有工业化应用前景。     

N—乙烯其吡咯烷酮

介绍了精细化工品Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮的物化性质、合成方法和用途。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮单体的合成工艺进展及其应用

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)是由单体N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)在适当的条件下聚合而成的一种高分子精细化学品。介绍了单体N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的几种合成方法和工艺路线,对PVP在医药卫生、日用化工、食品饮料、纺织印染、涂料颜料等领域的应用进行了介绍。     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮研究进展

简介了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的结构和性能 ,并综述了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮在医药卫生领域、聚合物工业、食品饮料工业等方面的应用研究进展。在我国 ,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的生产和应用起步较晚 ,但消费量在逐年增加。目前 ,其在医药卫生领域、聚合物工业和食品饮料工业等方面应用研究较多 ,而在日用化学品方面的应用研究少。     

吡咯烷酮及其衍生物的合成方法研究

吡咯烷酮及其衍生物是一类非常重要的五元氮杂环分子,在工业生产和医药制备等方面有着广泛的应用范围。本文系统总结了吡咯烷酮及其衍生物的合成方法,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

PVP的制备,性质及应用

介绍了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ＰＶＰ）的制备方法、性质及其在医药、日用化工、饮食、织染等方面的应用。     

聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮的应用及其合成方法

综述了聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮（PVPP）的应用及其合成方法。     

抗痴呆药α-吡咯烷酮乙酰胺的合成

[目的]研究抗痴呆药α-吡咯烷酮乙酰胺的合成路线及工艺。[方法]以α-吡咯烷酮乙酸乙酯为起始原料,在乙醇溶液中经氨化反应得α-吡咯烷酮乙酰胺,总收率87.1%。[结果]合成了目标化合物,其化学结构经元素分析、IR得以确证。[结论]该合成路线及工艺适合工业化大生产。     

吡咯烷酮羧酸的合成

以谷氨酸钠和盐酸为主要原料,化合物A为催化剂,通过环化脱水和酸化合成了吡咯烷酮羧酸。通过探讨催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和硅油用量对环化反应的影响,确定了适宜的合成吡咯烷酮羧酸钠的工艺条件。结果表明,谷氨酸钠50 g,催化剂用量为谷氨酸钠用量的1.2%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度180℃,硅油用量70 g,去离子水50 g时,谷氨酸钠的转化率为96.7%。生成的吡咯烷酮羧酸钠与盐酸反应后得吡咯烷酮羧酸,酸化的适宜p H值为3.2,吡咯烷酮羧酸的产率达83.5%。测定其熔点为152.5¹58.3℃。     

可用于缓控释肥聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（K32）的合成与表征

研究了可用于缓控释肥包膜材料的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP K32）的合成.研究了通过水溶液自由基聚合法合成PVP K32的实验技术,研究了不同引发剂、聚合工艺等对合成PVP K32的相对分子质量及残留单体含量的影响.通过优化实验获得一种分子量分布窄、残单含量低的PVP K32的聚合工艺,并对样品进行了表征及成分分析.     

铂纳米花的控制合成

以氯铂酸钾（K2PtCl6）为前驱体、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为稳定剂及还原剂,在一定量溴化钾（KBr）的存在下,采用水热法制备了铂纳米花。考察了n（K2PtCl6）∶n（PVP）∶n（KBr）、反应温度、反应时间对产物形貌的影响。结果表明,在n（K2PtCl6）∶n（PVP）∶n（KBr）为1∶10∶15、反应温度为130℃、反应时间为3h的条件下,制备出形貌规则、大小均匀的花形自组装铂纳米颗粒。利用透射电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱和X-射线粉末衍射对产物进行了表征。所制备的铂纳米花由零价态的铂原子组成,具有面心立方（fcc）结构。     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AND CATIONIC GEMINI/CONVENTIONAL SURFACTANTS

The interactions of two gemini surfactants (16-s-16, s = 5, 6) and their conventional counterpart cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP K15 and PVP K90) were investigated using conductivity, steady-state fluorescence, and viscosity techniques. The results indicate that there is no PVP/CTAB complex formation if molecular weight of PVP < 15,000. Both PVP K15 and PVP K90 interact with gemini surfactants. The critical aggregation concentration (cac) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) increase with polymer concentration and do not depend on the polymer molecular weight. Fluorescence study shows that the addition of PVP results in a decrease of the aggregation number in all the systems investigated due to the adsorption of the PVP chain in the micelle palisade layer and the ensuing increase of micelle ionization. The viscosity results suggest that the interactions between the surfactants and the polymer affect both inter-polymer-polymer association and chain expansion.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Chemical Engineering Communications for the following free supplemental resources: additional data tables and figures.]     

Viscometric studies of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) in water and in water and 0.01% bovine serum albumin at 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K

Viscosity and density studies for 0.01–0.14% (w/w) poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) in water and in water and 0.01% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were conducted at 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. The viscosity coefficients and the activation‐energy, free‐energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were calculated from viscosity data for viscous flow. On this basis, PVP–PVP, PVP–BSA, PVP–water, and BSA–water interactions and PVP and BSA shape factors were investigated and rationalized in terms of the water structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1001–1015, 2003     

Effect of PVP in dispersion and seeded dispersion polymerizations

The outcome of seeded dispersion polymerizations of n‐butyl acrylate (BA) and styrene (St) in terms of the success of growing the seed particles without nucleating new particles or generating coagulum was found to be dependent on the seed type (poly[n‐butyl acrylate] [ PBA] or polystyrene [PSt]), the second‐stage monomer (BA or St), and the type of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilizer (PVP K30 or PVP K90). All seeds were first cleaned of excess stabilizer by medium replacement before the seeded polymerizations. In general, successful particle growth was achieved when the second‐stage polymerization employed PVP K30 (1 wt%) as the stabilizer. In contrast, nearly all reactions employing PVP K90 (1 wt%) as the second‐stage stabilizer resulted in the nucleation of a second crop of particles. These phenomena were further investigated by carrying out dispersion polymerizations using the supernatant obtained by separating the seeds from the second‐stage media (containing monomer). The results paralleled those in the seeding studies and were explained by the presence of small amounts of grafted PVP created in situ during the preparation of the seeds. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2721–2732, 2002     

Solubility of Ibuprofen,Phytosterol, Salicylic Acid,and Naproxen in Aqueous Solutions

Experimental solubility data of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen, salicylic acid, and naproxen as well as of the plant‐derived active component phytosterol have been determined in aqueous stabilizer solutions as a function of stabilizer concentration. SDS, Solutol® HS15, Tween® 20, Tween® 80, polidocanol, Lutrol® F68, PVP 10, PVP K25, and PVP K90 were chosen to solubilize the drugs. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, buffer, and pH value of the aqueous solution on drug solubility was investigated.     

表面活性剂为碳源制备纳米碳化钼

以表面活性剂为碳源,通过程序升温反应法成功制备了α-Mo2C,并用粉末X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热失重分析（TG）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等现代分析技术,对所制备的α-Mo2C进行了表征。结果表明：不同的表面活性剂高温分解所得碳原子或碳基作碳源,所生成的α-Mo2C的颗粒粒径明显不同。制得的α-Mo2C是六方晶,α-Mo2C的颗粒粒径达到纳米级,并且用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作碳源生成的Mo2C颗粒粒径小于用双十八烷二甲基氯化氨作碳源生成的Mo2C颗粒粒径。     

降低“固封”对甲烷水合物生成的影响

随着天然气的大量使用,其储存、运输及调峰越来越重要。天然气水合物在常压状态下具有高储存比,适合应用于天然气的储存、运输及调峰过程中。因此,对天然气水合物的生成研究具有重要意义。本文研究了如何大量生成水合物并保证水合物具有较高储气率的方法。在含聚乙烯吡络烷酮[PVP(K90)]的溶液中,改变PVP(K90)的质量分数、搅拌器的转速与搅拌器的类型,研究甲烷水合物生成量与水合物储气率的变化。结果表明,添加一定低质量分数的PVP(K90)和增加搅拌速度,均可以延迟水合物层的"固封"作用,增加水合物的生成量。在PVP(K90)质量分数高于2%时,生成水合物的密封性降低,水合物"固封"作用被破坏,但是水合物储气率较低。采用不同形式的搅拌杆,在旋转过程中形成空心圆柱,破坏水合物层的"固封"作用,搅拌杆附近的甲烷与水合物晶核被输送到溶液底部,增加了水合物的生成量,而且水合物的储气率较高。在水合物生成过程中,存在水合物微粒多次聚结的现象,使甲烷的消耗量迅速增加。     

纳米二硫化钼对冷冻机油密度和黏度的影响

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP-K30）对纳米二硫化钼（MoS2）进行表面化学修饰,配制了分散稳定性良好的环烷基纳米冷冻机油。利用旋转式黏度计和密度仪对5种配比的纳米冷冻机油（二硫化钼质量分数为0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1%、1.25%、1.5%）在不同温度（288~333K）下的密度和黏度进行了测试,并对其数据进行了拟合关联。实验结果表明：经PVP修饰的纳米MoS2在低浓度情况下在冷冻机油中分散稳定性能良好,且在质量分数之比为1∶1时达到最佳分散效果;纳米冷冻机油的黏度随MoS2和PVP质量分数的增加而下降,在温度较低时更为明显;纳米冷冻机油的密度测量值和计算值基本吻合,其密度黏度关联式的计算值与90%的实验数据吻合较好。该结果为纳米冷冻机油在传热、流动和摩擦领域的应用提供了重要的基础数据。     

低含量残留单体的中高分子量PVP K60合成研究

研究了引发体系、聚合机理和聚合工艺对聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮残留单体的影响,通过条件优化和特殊工艺得到残留单体低于USP32所规定的0.01%以下的PVP K60制品。