沙蚕多肽提取及功能研究

目的通过研究沙蚕酶解及其多肽产物的功能,提高沙蚕的利用率。方法采用碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶对沙蚕进行酶解,以水解度为评价指标,比较3种酶解产物的抗氧化活性、总还原力能力和降血糖功能。结果 3种酶中中性蛋白酶在6 h达到最高水解度37.8%。碱性蛋白酶酶解7 h的产物其亚铁离子螯合力最高,可达32.7%;DPPH自由基清除能力最高可达85.8%,为中性蛋白酶酶解6 h的产物;胃蛋白酶酶解6 h产物的总还原力最高;胃蛋白酶酶解3 h的酶解产物其DPP-4抑制率最高,可达52.9%。结论胃蛋白酶更适于沙蚕的酶解。酶解产物具有较理想的抗氧化及降血糖功能,为沙蚕多肽产品的开发奠定基础。     

Cellular internalization of silver nanoparticles in gut epithelia of the estuarine polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used which may result in environmental impacts, notably within aquatic ecosystems. As estuarine sediments are sinks for numerous pollutants, but also habitat and food for deposit feeders such as Nereis diversicolor, ingested sediments must be investigated as an important route of uptake for NPs. N. diversicolor were fed sediment spiked with either citrate capped AgNPs (30 ± 5 nm) or aqueous Ag for 10 days. Postexposure AgNPs were observed in the lumen of exposed animals, and three lines of evidence indicated direct internalization of AgNPs into the gut epithelium. With TEM, electron-dense particles resembling AgNPs were observed associated with the apical plasma membrane, in endocytotic pits and in endosomes. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) confirmed the presence of Ag in these particles, which were absent in controls. Subcellular fractionation revealed that Ag accumulated from AgNPs was predominantly associated with inorganic granules, organelles, and the heat denatured proteins; whereas dissolved Ag was localized to the metallothionein fraction. Collectively, these results indicate separate routes of cellular internalization and differing in vivo fates of Ag delivered in dissolved and NP form. For AgNPs an endocytotic pathway appears to be a key route of cellular uptake.     

蛭弧菌对九孔鲍非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响

本试验以生产的养殖池作为参照(A组),以采用15d的换水周期并往水体中添加不同浓度(分别为10<'1>pfu/mL、10<'3>pfu/mL、10<'5>pfu/mL和10<'7>pfu/mL)的蛭弧菌的养殖池为蛭弧菌添加组(分别为B组、C组、D组和E组),以溶菌酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,酸性磷酸酶(ACP...     

Biotransformation of arsenate to the tetramethylarsonium ion in the marine polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Nereis virens

Arsenic compounds in aqueous extracts of the marine polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Nereis virens were determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. Both polychaetes contained most of their water-soluble arsenic as arsenobetaine (approximately 60%), and the tetramethylarsonium ion was also a significant arsenic constituent (approximately 20% in N. diversicolor and approximately 30% in N. virens). Trimethylarsoniopropionate and arsenosugars were present in the Nereis species as minor constituents, and traces of arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide, and arsenate were also detected. When N. diversicolor and N. virens were exposed in laboratory experiments to different concentrations of arsenate in seawater (10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 microg of As L(-1)), both species accumulated arsenic in a dose-dependent manner. Atthe highest exposure level, they achieved mean arsenic concentrations (dry mass) of approximately 70 mg of As kg(-1) (N. virens) and 90 mg of As kg(-1) (N. diversicolor), which represented about a 5-fold increase when compared with the control animals. The arsenic taken up by the polychaetes was readily methylated, and the major metabolite was the tetramethylarsonium ion (up to approximately 85% of the accumulated arsenic). Two other products of arsenic methylation, methylarsonate and trimethylarsine oxide, were also produced to a small extent; however, dimethylarsinate, another likely intermediate in the formation of the tetramethylarsonium ion, could not be detected in these experiments. The remaining accumulated arsenic was present as unchanged arsenate. This is the first report of significant biomethylation of arsenic to the tetramethyl stage and provides a ready explanation for the widespread occurrence of tetramethylarsonium ion in marine animals.     

一株溶藻弧菌的分离鉴定及其对九孔鲍苗的致病性

为找到导致2002年以来中国南部沿海鲍鱼养殖大量死亡的原因,利用胰蛋白培养基或硫代硫酸盐-柠檬酸盐-胆盐-蔗糖培养基从2003年汕尾发生病害的鲍鱼中分离得到了一株具有致病性的细菌.经生理生化特性试验及与特征溶藻弧菌ATCC17749比较,此菌株为溶藻弧菌.经感染试验证明其对鲍苗的半致死量为1.58x 104 CFU/m...     

TiO2 nanoparticles in the marine environment: impact on the toxicity of tributyltin to abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) embryos

Little information is available on the potential ecotoxicity of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) in the marine environment. To carefully address this issue, the toxicity of nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO(2)) aggregates in the marine environment was evaluated using abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) embryonic development as a model. The effect of nTiO(2) aggregates on the toxicity of the highly toxic marine antifouling compound tributyltin (TBT) to abalone embryos was also investigated. No developmental effects of nTiO(2) were observed at 2 mg/L but concentrations ≥10 mg/L caused hatching inhibition and malformations. The presence of 2 mg/L nTiO(2) increased the toxicity of TBT up to 20-fold compared with TBT alone. This enhancement of TBT may be due to the combined effects of TBT adsorption onto nTiO(2) aggregates and the internalization of nTiO(2) aggregates by abalone embryos. These observations indicate that MNMs may have important indirect impacts on aquatic organisms by varying the toxicity of coexisting pollutants. Thus, risk assessments for MNMs should consider both their direct effects and possible indirect effects of interactions with other environmental contaminants.     

九孔鲍肠道中产酶菌株的筛选及其与深圳湾菌株的比较

对九孔鲍肠道环境中的微生物进行了初步的分离和筛选。试验结果表明,在鲍鱼消化道中存在着能分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶的微生物。同时,将九孔鲍肠道中分离筛选获得的菌株与深圳湾水体中分离筛选的微生物作了相应的比较,通过分析鲍鱼肠道内菌群的特点,找出能分泌多种酶的有益微生物,再把它作为益生菌用于饲料工业,将提高饲料的利用率,促进鲍鱼的生长。     

曲虫治理效果分析

通过对曲虫治理应用研究效果的分析 ,结果表明 :质量效果提高 7% ,糖化力效果提高 80 % ,综合效果提高 92 7%。     

分离高温盐的工艺条件研究

文章利用不同温度下Na ,K ∥Cl-,SO2 -4 —H2 O四元体系相图 ,对通过物理方法分离高温盐中一水硫酸镁和氯化钠的工艺条件进行了分析。得出当循环母液和高温盐配成的浆料温度超过 5 5℃ ,浆料液体中氯化镁达到一定浓度时 ,才能分离出纯净的一水硫酸镁和氯化钠。     

制革清洁化技术的进展

就皮化材料与清洁化制革的关系、目前传统制革工艺中存在的严重污染问题及针对这些问题近年来采取的新的方法进行了探讨,指出清洁化是我国制革行业的必由之路,清洁化制革工艺与皮化材料的关系非常密切,只有研发出相应新型的、高吸收的、功能型的、易降解型的各类化工材料,才合乎清洁化生产的要求。在制革工艺中采用生物酶制剂辅助浸水脱脂、无硫脱毛与无灰浸碱工艺、无铵脱灰/碱等改造传统工艺,减少污染;采取高吸收铬鞣、无铬或少铬鞣制,提高铬的吸收率或克服铬鞣的弊端;在染整中,合成并采用助剂辅助染料、复鞣剂和加脂剂等的吸收与结合。这几方面通过集成应用,方可减轻制革的污染,实现清洁化生产。同时,就皮革固废物的利用及水的循环使用问题提出些看法。     

核苷酸磷酸基团保护的研究

将谷氨酸钠、5′－磷酸鸟苷按1：1混合后，添加柠檬酸，然后用硬脂酸包覆，能够有效地保护核苷酸5′－位上的磷酸基团。其中，（5′－磷酸鸟苷＋谷氨酸钠）：柠檬酸：硬脂酸＝30.3:9.1:60.6时，5′－磷酸鸟苷的残存率可达93％。     

女套装上衣尺寸自动生成系统的建立与实现

针对服装打版系统智能化程度低的现状,设计了服装尺寸自动生成系统.量取女套装上衣经典款式样板的细部尺寸参数,采用非线性主成分分析法对女套装上衣样板各特征指标的权重进行提取,利用多元回归分析建立服装结构设计数学模型.建立样板尺寸自动生成的理论模型,并通过编程加以实现.建立3层模糊综合评判模型对系统进行测试,实验结果表明,该...     

Improvement of Rates of Convergence of Iterative Methods of Variance Component Estimation

Exact relationships of quadratic forms for restricted maximum likelihood and the pseudo expectation methods were presented for balanced data and a model containing only one random factor. These relationships were extended to unbalanced data as approximations and schemes for improving the convergence rates of the two methods of variance component estimation were compared empirically using simulated data. The proposed scheme for restricted maximum likelihood was found inappropriate since it converged rapidly but to a different final estimate than usual restricted maximum likelihood. The scheme for the pseudo expectation method also converged rapidly and to the same final estimates as the usual pseudo expectation method, and hence is recommended as a means of obtaining a good prior for restricted maximum likelihood.     

锅炉过热器热偏差的治理与预防

该文从黑液喷射炉的生产工艺、机械设备的角度简要分析了造成过热器热偏差的原因,并重点讲述了所采取的一些必要的治理和预防措施,从而使热偏差对过热器造成的危害程度得到有效减轻.     

广西冬作马铃薯品种全粉基本特性比较

采集了广西地区5个冬作马铃薯品种,测定其理化指标和全粉加工特性,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和相关性分析研究不同品种马铃薯品质指标的差异和内在联系。结果表明:5个品种中,川芋117和桂农薯1号干物质和淀粉含量高,全粉具有高L*和低b*,适宜于淀粉和全粉的加工利用。川芋117峰值黏度和终值黏度高,吸水性强,桂农薯1号吸油性强,冻融稳定性较好。主成分分析提取了特征根大于1的主成分4个,其中,主成分1和主成分2累计贡献率为82.792%,可有效地反映出马铃薯理化和品质指标特性的总变异,筛选出的代表性评价指标有总淀粉、粗蛋白、直链淀粉、起糊温度、峰值黏度和崩解值。此外,通过主成分载荷图和相关性分析数据揭示了部分评价指标的相关性和相关方向。研究可为马铃薯加工品种的筛选提供理论依据。     

葵花籽油中酸价测量结果的不确定度评价

目的 分析食用油中酸价测定的不确定度来源并建立不确定度评定方法, 为检验数据的可靠性和准确性提供参考。方法 依据GB 5009.229-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》和JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立数学模型, 计算各变量的不确定度, 最终计算扩展不确定度。结果 结果显示, 样品中酸价的扩展不确定度为U=1.764×10?3 mg/g, 样品中酸价含量为(0.16±0.002) mg/g(置信水平95%, 包含因子k=2)。结论 在测定过程中, 测量重复性对总的不确定度影响最大, 其次是滴定管的体积。     

两种脂肪酸聚甘油酯(PGE)的性质比较

脂肪酸聚甘油酯(Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids,简写为PGE)在常温下有半固态和固态两种存在状态,本文通过对分别添加这两种PGE的软冰淇淋基料进行粘度、pH、粒径分析和垂直扫描分散稳定性分析(Turbiscan),发现半固态PGE的添加量为0.2%时,乳状液的粘度最低,粒径最小,稳定性最好;固态PGE的添加量为0.4%时.乳状液的粘度最低,粒径最小.通过比较发现,两种PGE对基料的影响有很大差别:半固态PGE能使乳状液的粒子更小,并能有效延长乳状液的稳定性;而固态PGE由于其熔点较高,可以促进脂肪结晶.     

The basis streamlines of activities of Department of Preventive Medicine of RAMS

The article gives a brief account of the main streamlines and scope of scientific activities of Department of Preventive Medicine of RAMS for the recent 10 years.