界面对PE–LLD/Al（OH）3复合材料性能影响

制备了丙烯酸(AA)接枝线型低密度聚乙烯(PE–LLD)(PE–g–AA)高分子偶联剂,并将其用于改性PE–LLD/Al(OH)3复合材料。研究了PE–g–AA对PE–LLD/Al(OH)3复合材料的微观结构、力学性能、流变行为、电气绝缘性能的影响,并探讨了复合材料力学性能、电气绝缘性能和界面微观结构之间的关系。研究结果表明,PE–g–AA偶联剂显著改善了Al(OH)3填料与PE–LLD基体之间的界面作用机制,不但提高了复合材料的拉伸和冲击强度,而且增加了复合材料的断裂伸长率。另外,PE–g–AA提高了Al(OH)3在聚合物基体的分散性并作为绝缘层减少了填料之间的相互接触,因而获得的复合材料的电气绝缘性能在低偶联剂的掺量下大幅提升,达到电气绝缘性能要求。     

界面改性对秸秆粉/PE-HD复合材料性能和热降解特性的影响

分别采用硅烷偶联剂(A171)处理、相容剂(MAPE)处理以及A171/MAPE处理的界面改性法对秸秆粉/高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)复合材料界面进行改性。结果显示:3种处理方法均改善了秸秆粉与基体间的界面黏结,增强了力学性能和防水性能;界面改性后,复合材料的熔融流变行为因秸秆粉与PE-HD的交联而变差;秸秆粉的初始热分解温度向高温移动,热稳定性增加。A171/MAPE复配处理对复合材料界面改性效果最好,对材料性能的影响最显著。     

表面改性剂和硅油对HDPE/Al(OH)3力学性能的影响

探讨了各种表面改性剂和硅油对高填充HDPE/Al（OH)3复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,使用经特殊表面改性剂处理的Al（OH)3作填料并加入硅油时,可以大幅度提高HDPE/Al（OH)3复合材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率。利用扫描电镜和差示扫描量热仪研究了Al（OH)3的表面改性对硅油分布的影响,观察到硅油的两种分布类型;包覆Al(OH）3粒子和以液滴形式与Al(OH）3粒子单独分散于HDPE中,并将硅油的分布状况与材料的力学性能作了对比分析。     

偶联剂对LLDPE/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响

分别采用经过偶联剂处理和未经过偶联剂处理的Al2O3来改性线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。采用模压成型法制备了改性LLDPE/Al2O3复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能和流变性能,并探讨了不同种类的偶联剂及其用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:偶联剂的加入使复合材料熔体流动速率及零剪切黏度进一步提高。硅烷偶联剂KH-550对复合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的改善均最佳。当偶联剂的质量分数为1.0%时,复合材料的整体性能表现最佳。     

填充改性线性低密度聚乙烯性能研究

分别采用Al2O3,SiO2和高岭土改性线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),测试了改性LLDPE复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性.结果表明:Al2O3,SiO2和高岭土的加入均使改性LLDPE复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度和弯曲强度提高,但使其冲击强度下降;随着填料用量的增加,改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,其中Al2O3对改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率降低效果最佳;填料的加入使改性LLDPE复合材料的摩擦因数提高;随载荷增加,改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率提高,但其摩擦因数下降.     

改性Mg（OH）2／MRP／PF-T对LLDPE性能的影响

采用改性氧氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]、微胶囊化红磷(MRP)和热翅性酚醛树脂(PF-T)制备了阻燃线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)复合材料体系,探讨了PF-T、MRP与Mg(OH)2不同的配比对LLDPE复合材料体系的阻燃性能、力学性能和热失蓖性能的影响,并对复合材料的微观结构进行了分析.结果表明:PF-T:MRP:Mg(OH)2质量比为25:8:40时协效最佳,氧指数达到33.7%,水平燃烧通过FH-1,拉伸强度达17 MPa,断裂伸长率为350%;协效阻燃体系提高了复合材料的质量保持率,降低了失重速率;PF-T与LLDPE相容性好,界面不明显,无机组分在基体材料中有好的分散性.     

表面原位化学组合改性Al（OH）3／PVC复合材料的制备与性能

基于Al(OH)_3粉体与PVC基体的界面设计和调控,采用表面原位化学组合改性方法,在Al(OH)_3表面依次化学键合烷基酚醛树脂、丁腈橡胶等几种大分子改性剂,形成极性逐渐过渡的梯度界面层。当改性Al(OH)_3在PVC复合材料中的用量为80份时,材料的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,分别为添加等量偶联剂改性Al(OH)_3、未改性Al (OH)_3复合材料的2．5和2．7倍,是基体树脂的1．5倍,获得了具有高阻燃消烟性能,同时改善了力学和加工性能的综合性能良好的高填充复合材料。通过扫描电镜分析表明,Al(OH)_3粒子经过表面原位化学组合方法处理,在PVC中分散均匀,与塑料基体结合良好,并形成了以Al(OH)_3粒子为核、以多层大分子改性剂为壳的软壳硬核结构。     

PCL包覆Al(OH)_3填充PLA的结构与性能

采用高速混合机将低熔点的聚己内酯(PCL)包覆在Al(OH)3表面,然后通过熔融混炼法分别制备了包覆Al(OH)3、未包覆Al(OH)3以及纯PCL填充聚乳酸(PLA)的复合材料,研究了包覆前后的Al(OH)3及其与PLA复合材料的微观形态,以及复合材料的力学性能、流变性能、热性能和降解性能。结果表明:PCL包覆Al(OH)3填充PLA可以显著提高复合材料的拉伸性能,当Al(OH)3/PCL=100/20时,在PLA中加入5phr包覆Al(OH)3后,复合材料的断裂伸长率可以提高到176%;PCL能有效改善包覆Al(OH)3颗粒在PLA中的分散性及与PLA之间的界面结合力,同时,填料表面多余的PCL能以微球粒子形式分散在PLA中,起到良好的增塑作用;少量包覆Al(OH)3能显著提高PLA的结晶度降,低其结晶温度促,进其降解。     

EVA／Al（OH）3纳米复合材料性能的研究

采用熔融共混挤出法制备了EVA／Al(OH)3纳米复合材料。用TEM、SEM分析了Al(OH)3粉体改性前后在EVA树脂中的分散性与相容性。研究了表面处理对复合材料阻燃与力学性能的影响，并对Al(OH)3阻燃机理进行了探讨。结果表明：采用钛酸酯偶联剂对粉体进行表面改性可有效改善其在树脂中的分散与结合情况，复合材料阻燃级别提高到UL94 V-1级，拉伸性能得到改善。     

无卤阻燃型聚丙烯的制备及性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出机挤出制备了超细Mg(OH)2改性阻燃聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,研究了Mg(OH)2、复合增容剂的用量对复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能的影响.结果表明,Mg(OH)2经硬脂酸表面改性后,其在PP中的分散性及与PP的界面相容性明显得到改善,当Mg(OH)2用量为90份时,材料的氧指数达到27.5%;(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物接枝马来酸酐/(乙烯/丙烯/二烯)共聚物接枝马来酸酐复合增容剂能明显改善材料的力学性能和阻燃性能,当复合增容剂用量为15份时,材料的断裂伸长率达到141.06%,缺口冲击强度达到22.24 kJ/m2,拉伸强度达到18.51MPa,氧指数增至28.0%.     

废旧聚甲醛/改性竹纤维复合材料的力学性能研究

采用碱(NaOH)、硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、异氰酸酯(IPDI)等不同处理方法对废旧聚甲醛/竹纤维（POM/BF）复合材料的界面进行调控,研究了竹纤维改性方法和竹纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH+IPDI和NaOH+KH560能够实现对复合材料界面的调控,利用NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF进行处理后,POM/BF复合材料［BF为20 %（质量分数,下同）］的弯曲强度增加了13.38 %,拉伸强度为50.36 MPa;利用NaOH+5 %KH560对BF进行调控处理后,POM/BF复合材料的弯曲强度增加了12.61 %,拉伸强度为46.87 MPa;NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF的处理具有更好的效果,BF含量为20 %时复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维组合增强聚丙烯的力学性能

用废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维作为增强材料，制得了组合增强的聚丙烯复合材料，研究了制备工艺及设备、材料配方及界面改性方法等对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，用单螺杆挤出机制备组合增强材料，可减少对玻璃纤维的损伤，保持较长的玻璃纤维，有利于其增强作用的发挥；随着玻璃纤维含量的增加，体系的力学性能提高，而木粉含量对材料力学性能的影响与玻璃纤维的含量相关；采用硅烷偶联剂对木粉进行表面处理，在基体中添加接枝极性基团的改性聚丙烯，可改善体系的界面结合，提高力学性能。     

Structure development in thermoset recyclate‐filled polypropylene composites

Polypropylene containing comminuted fiber reinforced thermoset recyclate has been shown to exhibit enhanced mechanical properties relative to particulate‐filled materials. Optimum mechanical performance in these recyclate‐filled materials is achieved in compositions made from rubber‐modified polypropylene containing maleic anhydride‐modified PP in conjuction with silane coupling agent. Although matrix crosslinking was found to enhance properties in both filled and unfilled systems, composite properties are dominated by the development of strong interfacial bonding between polypropylene and recyclate reinforcement. A mechanism for the formation of interfacial bonding is proposed involving reaction between maleic anhydride functionalized PP, formation of trisilanol groups and their subsequent condensation with hydroxyl groups on the recyclate surfaces, together with molecular entanglement and co‐crystallization of the grafted and ungrafted polypropylene molecules. Furthermore, in the absence of treatment there is evidence that the elastomer particles encapsulate the filler particles. However, this effect is strongly hindered when functionalized‐PP is added, either in isolation or in combination with the silane co‐treatment. The crystalline nucleation of PP by thermoset recyclate and treatment is also considered. The treatment system investigated was found to promote interfacial bonding to both the polyester (DMC) and woven glassreinforced phenolic recyclates investigated, suggesting it may be suitable for treating mixed composite scrap.     

Role of silane crosslinking on the properties of melt blended metallocene polyethylene‐g‐silane/clay nanocomposites at various clay contents

A study to investigate matrix properties and their interaction with loaded nanoclay was designed under controlled clay dispersion. Metallocene polyethylene grafted vinyltriethoxy silane (mPE‐g‐silane) was served as the matrix, with or without silane crosslinking (grafting and post crosslinking with catalyst versus only grafting without catalyst), to assess the strength of commercial organoclay (20A)‐filled nanocomposites prepared via a melt mixing. According to X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, all nanocomposites achieved similar dispersion degrees at specific clay contents mainly due to the silane interaction with the dispersed clay via hydrogen bonding and/or chemical bonding. Chemical bonding of grafted silane with clay was inferred based on the slightly higher crosslinking degree with increasing clay content for crosslinked cases. For uncrosslinked cases, the crosslinking degree was virtually zero regardless of clay content. The dynamic mechanical properties revealed enhanced interaction between mPE‐g‐silane and clay with increasing clay content based on the increased glass transition temperatures. Young's modulus of nanocomposites with crosslinked cases showed higher values in comparison with uncrosslinked cases at a specific clay content, indicating the significance of matrix crosslinking effect and the effective interfacial interaction between silane and clay especially at higher clay content. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study which generally maintains similar clay dispersions through the effect of uncrosslinking (only grafting) and crosslinking (grafting and post crosslinking), and then probes the effect of matrix properties and interfacial interactions at the large deformation state (tensile test) and small deformation state (cutting test). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

表面处理对可生物降解黄麻/PLA复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用注塑成型法制备了生物降解黄麻短纤维增强PLA复合材料,通过力学性能测试及SEM,探讨了碱处理、碱和硅烷偶联剂KH550同时处理对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:两种处理方法均能够增加黄麻纤维的表面粗糙度,但碱和偶联剂KH550同时处理的效果要优于碱处理,且KH550改善了黄麻短纤维与PLA树脂之间的界面黏结性能提,高了黄麻/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度。     

化学溶液预处理再生粗骨料对再生混凝土改性的影响

为研究不同浓度的硅酸钠溶液和硅烷溶液复合改性再生粗骨料对再生混凝土力学与变形性能及微观结构的影响,通过立方体抗压强度试验研究复合改性对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,同时基于数字图像相关(DIC)方法研究复合改性对再生混凝土变形性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)微观测试方法分析改性再生混凝土内部微观结构。结果表明:质量分数为5%的硅酸钠溶液和质量分数为10%的硅烷溶液改性后的再生粗骨料24 h吸水率降幅最大,由其制成的再生混凝土28 d抗压强度显著提高,较未改性再生混凝土提高了35.80%;硅酸钠溶液和硅烷溶液复合改性再生粗骨料可有效减小再生混凝土的变形,应力较大时,可阻止应力过度集中,使再生混凝土整体变形性能较好;此外,还可以改善再生粗骨料表面疏松结构和粗糙程度,加强骨料与砂浆界面过渡区(ITZ)性能,但对于新、旧砂浆ITZ性能的改善不明显。     

Methods for improving the performance of silane coupling agents

The use of silane coupling agents in mineral- and glass-reinforced composites is well known. They impart improved initial mechanical properties, but, more importantly, they cause mechanical properties to be retained during the use of the composite. The main cause of loss of mechanical properties is attack of water at the interface. Recent research has focused on imparting more durable bonding of the silane coupling agent to both the polymer and the reinforcement. Improved silane coupling agent systems have been developed by utilizing several techniques: blends of hydrophobic silanes with hydrophilic silanes to give greater hydrophobic character; use of 1,2-bis-(trimethoxysilyl)ethane as an additive to give increased siloxane crosslinking; use of more thermally stable silanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane and N-[2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethyl]-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to give increased thermal stability; and the use of a carboxy-functional silane with a carboxy-functional polymer and zinc salt to give ionomer bonds at the interface. The effectiveness of these new coupling agent systems was tested by measuring the flexural strength of composites and the adhesion strength of coatings on inorganic substrates. The results show that composites have increased flexural strength and better strength retention during thermal aging; coatings have greater adhesion strength; there is greater resistance of interfacial bonding to degradation by moisture; and thermoplastic composites have better properties after high shear processing.     

Effects of surface modification of self‐healing poly(melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules on the properties of unsaturated polyester composites

Poly(melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde) (MUF) microcapsules used as self‐healing component of composites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The surface of MUF microcapsules was modified by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane‐coupling agent (KH550). The interfacial interactions between MUF microcapsules and KH550 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). FTIR results show that the silane‐coupling agent molecule binds strongly to the MUF microcapsules surface. A chemical bond (Si? O? C) is formed by the reaction between the Si? OH and the hydroxyl group of MUF microcapsule. This modification improves the thermal properties of microcapsules. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that a thin layer is formed on the surface of MUF microcapsules. The interfacial adhesion effect between MUF microcapsules and unsaturated polyester matrix was investigated. MUF microcapsules disperse evenly in the composites. When crack propagated, the microcapsules were broken and the repair agent flowed from the microcapsules to react with the curing agent. Then the crosslinking structure was formed and the composite was repaired. The tensile properties, impact properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of composites have been evaluated. The results indicate that the silane‐coupling agent plays an important role in improving the interfacial performance between the microcapsules and the matrix, as well as the mechanical properties of the composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effects of crosslinking on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of soybean protein‐based composites

A green composite with good mechanical properties and acceptable biodegradability was developed using wood flour and soybean protein that was modified by thermal‐caustic degradation and chemical crosslinking with glyoxal and polyisocyanate (PMDI). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with the traditional evaluations were employed to investigate the structure, morphology, and properties of the crosslinked soybean protein and the crosslinking‐modified wood/soybean protein composites to understand the effects of the crosslinker species on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and microbial biodegradation of soybean protein‐wood flour composites. The results indicated that the chemical crosslinking modification could improve the mechanical properties and water resistance but decrease the biodegradability of the wood/protein composite to a certain extent. Both glyoxal and PMDI alone as crosslinkers could not perfectly modify the soybean protein because of the high reactivity of PMDI and low crosslinking reactivity of glyoxal. The incorporation of glyoxal with PMDI could result in the desired crosslinking efficiency and good interfacial adhesion by compromising the advantages and disadvantages of glyoxal or PMDI alone as crosslinkers, which balanced the performances of the wood flour/soybean protein composite. The preferable combination crosslinker was composed of 50 wt % glyoxal and 50 wt % PMDI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41387.     

Influences of liquid elastomer additive on the behavior of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy

In this study, improvements in mechanical and thermal behavior of short glass fiber (GF) reinforced diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based epoxy with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) modification have been studied. A silane coupling agent (SCA) with a rubber reactive group was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and an epoxy matrix. 10, 20, and 30 wt% GF reinforced composite specimens were prepared with and without silane coupling agent treatment of fibers and also HTPB modification of epoxy mixture. In the ruber modified specimens, hardener and HTPB were premixed and left at room temperature for 1 hr before epoxy addition. In order to observe the effects of short glass fiber reinforcement of epoxy matrix, silane treatment of fiber surfaces, and also rubber modification of epoxy on the mechanical behavior of specimens, tension and impact tests were performed. The fracture surfaces and thermal behavior of all specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. It can be concluded that increasing the short GF content increased the tensile and impact strengths of the specimens. Moreover, the surface treatment of GFs with SCA and HTPB modification of epoxy improved the mechanical properties because of the strong interaction between fibers, epoxy, and rubber. SEM studies showed that use of SCA improved interfacial bonding between the glass fibers and the epoxy matrix. Moreover, it was found that HTPB domains having relatively round shapes formed in the matrix. These rubber domains led to improved strength and toughness, due mainly to the “rubber toughening” effect in the brittle epoxy matrix.