Transmitter pre-filtering for the downlink of a time-division-duplex/direct sequencecode division multiple access system over time-varying multipath fading channels

In this paper, we investigate an optimised transmitter pre-filtering technique for downlink time-division-duplex (TDD) code division multiple access (CDMA) communications, which employs the conventional matched filter (MF) detector at the mobile receivers. The proposed pre-filtering technique eliminates the multiple-access interference and intersymbol interference (MAI/ISI) effects by applying a very simple transmission scheme that combines a signal transformation with a cyclic prefix strategy under a power constraint condition. Two constrained pre-filtering transformations are suggested depending on the information required at the mobile unit. An open-loop transmitter pre-filtering is first formulated; however, this solution does not consider the properties of the noise at the mobile receiver. A second solution is then presented via a closed-loop transmitter pre-filtering that includes an optimum gain for a given transmit and noise power. Some associated issues such as system efficiency, computational complexity and channel estimation errors are also addressed. Simulation results show that the proposed transmitter pre-filtering scheme can be used to increase the system performance and capacity. In addition, its performance is compared with another similar transmit pre-processing scheme in order to evaluate the performance improvement by the proposed algorithm.     

异步CDMA系统多径信道的直接盲均衡

针对多径CDMA系统提出了一种接收器采用天线阵的基于二阶统计（SOS）的直接盲MMSE信道均衡方法。与利用信号和噪声的子空间分解估计出信道的脉冲响应的大多数二阶统计方法不同,它直接估计维纳－霍夫滤波器中所需的互相关函数。由于不依赖于信号和噪声子空间分解,因而对信道阶次的估计误差不敏感。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法比现有的一些基于子空间分解的方法具有更好的性能。     

FBMC/OQAM水声通信系统的适应性成型脉冲设计

水声信道是一个时变的双扩散信道,不仅会引起传输信号的时频扩展,而且会造成严重的信息损失。由于滤波器组多载波/交错正交幅度调制(Filter Bank Based Multicarrier/Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, FBMC/OQAM)系统可通过改变发送信号的成型脉冲来减小时频扩展带来的符号干扰和子载波干扰,因此更适合快速时变的水下声信道。为了降低现有成型脉冲设计算法的优化难度,提出了一种快速且易于实现的成型脉冲设计方法,该方法根据信道时频统计特性对扩展高斯函数(Extend Gaussian Function, EGF)进行了优化,实现了期望信号能量最大化,并在时域符号间加入适当的保护间隔,进一步增强了抗多途干扰的能力。仿真结果表明,无论在高频散信道还是在低频信道下,相比于其它成型脉冲算法,该算法在降低计算量的同时,改进了的FBMC/OQAM系统的传输性能,误码率降低了2～3 dB。     

Excitation matching procedure for sub-arrayed monopulse arrays with maximum directivity

The maximisation of the directivity of compromise difference patterns in sub-arrayed monopulse linear array antennas with an optimum sum mode is addressed by means of a two-stage excitation matching procedure. The knowledge of the independently optimum difference excitations, which provide maximum directivity, is exploited with an efficient matching technique based on the contiguous partition method. Simple and reliable compromise solutions, characterised by reduced complexity as well as easier manufacture of antennas, are synthesised to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method also in comparison with state-of-the-art methods devoted to directivity maximisation.     

Manifold Learning Using Linear Local Tangent Space Alignment (LLTSA) Algorithm for Noise Removal in Wavelet Filtered Vibration Signal

A denoising procedure is proposed to remove both out-band and in-band noise for extraction of weak bursts in signal obtained from defective bearing. Energy of continuous wavelet scalogram is computed and the band having higher energy is selected to remove the out-band noise. Signals of selected band are brought together to form a high-dimensional waveform feature space. Further, low dimensional waveform manifold is formed using linear local tangent space alignment (LLTSA) algorithm to remove in-band noise. A criterion, entitled as frequency factor is also proposed to determine the optimum neighbour size of LLTSA. The two complicated conditions are chosen to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in the extraction of bursts in the noisy situations. A significant improvement in the signal to noise ratio is observed when in-band noise is removed using manifold learning by LLTSA algorithm. The experimental result reveals the success of the proposed denoising procedure in extraction of defect features, even in the case of noisy condition.     

Impact force reconstruction using the regularized Wiener filter method

There are cases in engineering applications where the involved impact forces are impractical or difficult to be directly measured. In such cases, the impact forces may inversely be reconstructed on the basis of the associated-induced elastic responses. However, the inverse impact force reconstruction is an ill-posed problem. So far, various methods have been proposed. Many require complex mathematical treatments; thus, they are impractical for experimental engineers. In this article, we adopt the Wiener filter method and introduce a regularization technique so that the method can provide an optimum solution which balances the aspects of the minimum noise and the minimum residual. The proposed method is evaluated using three examples of the impact problems. The evaluation reveals that the regularized Wiener filter method is less sensitive to the regularization parameter unlike many of the existing methods. Therefore, the method is more suitable for practical applications.     

Double spacing multi-wavelength L-band Brillouin erbium fiber laser with Raman pump

A new multi-wavelength Brillouin erbium fiber laser (BEFL), which operates in the L-band region with double frequency Brillouin spacing, is demonstrated. This design uses a Raman pump (RP) and a piece of 2?km highly nonlinear fiber as a gain medium. The double frequency spacing is achieved by employing a dual ring configuration, which is formed by utilizing a four-port circulator that removes the odd-order Stoke signals. Twenty Stokes and seventeen anti-Stokes lines, which have optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) greater than 15?dB, are generated simultaneously with a spacing of 0.16?nm when Brillouin pump and RP powers were fixed at the optimum values of 8 dBm and 40?mW, respectively. The BEFL can be tuned in the range between 1591?nm to 1618?nm. The proposed configuration increases the number of lines generated and the OSNR, and thus allows a compact multi-wavelength laser source to be realized.     

A novel Kalman filter for frequency estimation of distorted signalsin power systems

A simple and novel approach in the design of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the measurement of power system frequency has been presented in this paper. The design principles and the validity of the model have been outlined. The performance of this filter has been compared with some of the existing methods for estimating the frequency of a signal under noisy conditions. The feasibility of the proposed filter has been tested in the laboratory under worst-case measurement and network conditions, which might occur in a typical power system. Also, the proof of the stability for the proposed filter has been discussed for a single sinusoid. It has been found that the proposed algorithm is suitable for real-time applications especially when the frequency changes are abrupt and the signal is corrupted with noise and other disturbances due to harmonics     

MIMO throughput optimisation via quantised rate control

The problem of throughput maximisation in a wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using a quantised feedback, which is an appropriate model for practical systems with limited feedback capacity, is considered. Unlike the ergodic capacity that can be achieved through power control only, maximising the throughput in the block fading channels is based on appropriate rate control strategy. The optimal quantised rate control design for general MIMO systems is formulated and a gradient descent search algorithm to find the optimal solution is employed. It is seen that the proposed quantised rate control scheme with only a few bits of feedback considerably improves the throughput of a MIMO system. With the same amount of feedback overhead, the proposed quantised rate control with constant power is compared with the optimal quantised power control strategy with an optimised constant rate, and the result demonstrates the importance of rate control in throughput maximisation. The effect of quantised rate control in MIMO systems employing different automatic repeat request schemes is also investigated     

钢管混凝土组合柱压弯性能试验及承载力计算

现行叠合柱规程CECS188:2005计算钢管混凝土组合柱压弯承载力时,不计钢管作用影响,构件承载能力未充分利用。为此,该文通过钢管混凝土组合柱偏心受压试验,考察破坏形态及约束机理,完善压弯承载力计算理论。研究表明:钢管混凝土组合柱发生大、小偏心受压破坏,以受拉区纵筋达到屈服强度,同时混凝土受压边缘达到极限压应变为界限破坏准则;截面应变符合平截面假定,其中钢管横向应变随着偏心距减小而增大,即钢管约束作用增强,倾向于轴心受压构件而不可忽略;最后提出能够考虑钢管及其约束作用的正截面压弯承载力计算公式,通过40组试验样本的验证表明,该方法计算合理可靠,可用于指导设计。     

Weighted high data rate ultra wideband transmitted-reference system in dense multipath fading channels

A novel weighted high data rate single-user ultra-wideband transmitted-reference (UWB-TR) system is proposed and its performance in log-normal slow fading channels is investigated, which has not been addressed before. This system employs a novel signalling scheme, which provides a nearly inter-symbol interference (ISI) free-channel response at the receiver and eliminates the need for equalisation. It also enhances the reference pulse quality by employing optimum power allocation. The performance of the proposed system is compared with that of the differential transmitted-reference (DTR) system in IEEE 802.15.3a Channel Model 1 (CM1) both analytically and via simulations by taking into account noise, log-normal slow fading, inter-path/pulse interference (IPI) and ISI. Both analytical and simulation results show that our system significantly outperforms the DTR one. It is shown that the proposed method is robust against small changes in both weighting coefficients and integration interval, whereas the UWB-DTR scheme is too susceptible to such changes in the integration interval.     

Sum Rate Maximization-based Fair Power Allocation in Downlink NOMA Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been seen as a promising technology for 5G communication. The performance optimization of NOMA systems depends on both power allocation (PA) and user pairing (UP). Most existing researches provide sub-optimal solutions with high computational complexity for PA problem and mainly focuses on maximizing the sum rate (capacity) without considering the fairness performance. Also, the joint optimization of PA and UP needs an exhaustive search. The main contribution of this paper is the proposing of a novel capacity maximization-based fair power allocation (CMFPA) with low-complexity in downlink NOMA. Extensive investigation and analysis of the joint impact of signal to noise ratio (SNR) per subcarrier and the channel gains of the paired users on the performance of NOMA in terms of the capacity and the user fairness is presented. Next, a closed-form equation for the power allocation coefficient of CMFPA as a function of SNR, and the channel gains of the paired users is provided. In addition, to jointly optimize UP and PA in NOMA systems an efficient low-complexity UP (ELCUP) method is proposed to be incorporated with the proposed CMFPA to compromise the proposed joint resource allocation (JRA). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CMFPA can improve the capacity and fairness performance of existing UP methods, such as conventional UP, and random UP methods. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed JRA significantly outperforms the existing schemes and gives a near-optimal performance.     

无源多通道神经硅微电极的设计方法

为了探讨一种用于神经信号测量的无源多通道硅微电极的设计方法,基于电极的结构和制造工艺,提出了硅微电极用于测量神经信号的电路模型．从大脑皮层及脑膜的结构、互连线的干扰噪声和探针的机械特性3个方面讨论了神经微电极探针的几何参数确定方法,并提出了在满足一定负载能力以穿透硬度较大的脑膜的前提下,尽量减小探针体积的设计原则．     

可视化噪声源识别技术

简要回顾了噪声源识别的传统方法和基于信号处理的方法,阐述了可视化声源识别技术的基本原理,然后利用各种重建算法在三维空间中进行声场重构并将结果用图形表示出来。按噪声信号采集方式、重建算法和结果表示方式对该技术进行了分类。对常用的三类重建算法Fourier方法、Helmholtz-Kirchhoff积分方程法和等效源法进行了详细的比较,重点分析了等效源法,指出它目前存在的研究困难。给出了一种应用可视化噪声源识别技术的系统解决方案。     

A kriging metamodel-assisted robust optimization method based on a reverse model

The goal of robust optimization methods is to obtain a solution that is both optimum and relatively insensitive to uncertainty factors. Most existing robust optimization approaches use outer–inner nested optimization structures where a large amount of computational effort is required because the robustness of each candidate solution delivered from the outer level should be evaluated in the inner level. In this article, a kriging metamodel-assisted robust optimization method based on a reverse model (K-RMRO) is first proposed, in which the nested optimization structure is reduced into a single-loop optimization structure to ease the computational burden. Ignoring the interpolation uncertainties from kriging, K-RMRO may yield non-robust optima. Hence, an improved kriging-assisted robust optimization method based on a reverse model (IK-RMRO) is presented to take the interpolation uncertainty of kriging metamodel into consideration. In IK-RMRO, an objective switching criterion is introduced to determine whether the inner level robust optimization or the kriging metamodel replacement should be used to evaluate the robustness of design alternatives. The proposed criterion is developed according to whether or not the robust status of the individual can be changed because of the interpolation uncertainties from the kriging metamodel. Numerical and engineering cases are used to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

基于声信号识别的焊后残余应力处理质量检测方法

焊后残余应力处理过程的非线性程度高且参数耦合性强,导致处理质量不稳定。而现有检测方法仅做抽样检测,存在检测精度低、周期长等问题,且无法进行实时在线检测。为此,提出一种新的基于声信号识别的焊后残余应力处理质量在线检测方法。该方法先实时采集焊后残余应力处理过程中的声信号并提取其特征,然后构建基于多权值神经网络的焊后残余应力处理质量检测模型,以实现在线识别。实验结果表明,相比于传统检测方法,所提出方法可实现焊后残余应力处理质量的在线检测,可为焊后处理过程中的参数优化和质量控制提供参考。     

“Gradual cut-off” method of the sequential procedure in the case of a Rayleigh distribution

The effectiveness of optimum statistical sequential criteria for signal detection on the background of noise is studied when the signal and noise have a Rayleigh distribution. A sequential criterion with parabolic boundaries of zones that is sometimes more economic is suggested. The properties of criteria are compared by a mathematical simulation method. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 15–16, November, 2006.     

The Noise Immunity of Teraohmmeters Based on Current Measuring Instruments

The results of an investigation of existing teraohmmeter circuits using the criterion of noise immunity are described. Based on this criterion, the most optimum circuit, which has a measurement time of not more than 30 sec, is chosen. The noise level at a frequency of 50 Hz is estimated. The range of measurements in the experiments is 1 M – 1000 G.     

基于二维互补随机共振的轴承故障诊断方法研究

一维随机共振(One-Dimensional Stochastic Resonance,1DSR)被广泛用于轴承故障诊断中。针对传统1DSR对微弱信号的检测效果不够理想,输出信号噪声大,不能准确获得轴承故障特征频率(Fault Characteristic Frequency,FCF)等问题,提出一种新的二维互补随机共振(Two-Dimensional Complementary Stochastic Resonance,2DCSR)方法并应用于轴承故障诊断。将采集到的轴承故障信号根据共振带位置进行带通滤波并解调,随后将解调信号对半分成两个子信号并输入2DCSR的两个输入端,利用输出信号的加权功率谱峭度(WPSK)指标对2DCSR系统参数进行自适应调节优化,得到最优的滤波输出信号及频谱,以识别轴承FCF并诊断轴承故障类型。数值仿真及实验结果表明,提出的方法可以有效地增强轴承FCF并提高轴承故障诊断效果。     

剑杆织机前馈-反馈张力控制系统的分析与设计

在分析剑杆织机张力控制中噪声源及噪声特性的基础上,提出控制结构和控制器的设计方法,选择合适的模拟低通滤波器,对检测通道的高频振动信号和随机噪声进行滤波.针对周期性低频振动噪声,一方面,采用频谱分析定周期+相干平均法定信号的方法估计模拟低通滤波器后的周期性振动噪声,并在反馈通道进行补偿,提高控制性能;另一方面,采用频谱分...