基于结构化信息源的本体构建方法综述

作为一种能够在语义层和知识层上描述信息系统的概念建模工具,本体在许多领域得到了广泛应用。由于本体的构建和维护工作费时费力,本体的构建方法研究成为了实现语义Web应用的最重要技术。综述了从不同的结构化信息源(数据库、XML文档以及Web表格)构建本体的方法,进行了详细分析与对比,并给出其存在的不足之处以及未来可能的研究方向。     

基于履带式本体构建方法的多代理模型研究

本体工程为本体构建提供与其相适应的本体开发方法。履带式本体构建方法具有较强的适应性,能够针对本体的不同规模来指导本体开发操作,并对开发过程进行评估。为提高本体构建效率,利用多代理的分布性、自治性、协作性等特点,构建了支持履带式本体开发方法的多代理模型,对其中的代理、通信和代理之间的协作进行了形式化定义和描述,并实现了代理操作、协作等相关算法和代理运行平台。     

一种履带式本体构建模型

为了有效地指导本体构建,创建了履带式本体构造模型来描述本体的构造方法。定义和描述了构成此模型的基本要素,包括本体（上层本体、领域本体和应用本体）和本体构造步骤（分析、设计、开发、部署和评估）,并在此基础上做出了定性分析,说明了顶级本体驱动开发方法、领域本体驱动开发方法和应用领域开发方法各自的特点。通过对此模型的分析和应用,以指导在本体开发中使用正确的开发方法。     

A novel methodology for constructing secure multipath overlays

One technique for securely delivering data in structured overlays is to increase the number of disjoint paths among peers. However, most overlays do not offer a substrate to accommodate multiple paths. The binary-equivalence relationship-based Cyclone methodology is decoupled from the overlay architecture, which insulates it from such limitations. It fortifies existing routing algorithms to defend against data-forwarding attacks.     

A methodology for constructing predicate transition net specifications

In this paper, a methodology for constructing hierarchical and structured predicate transition net specifications is developed, which includes new systematic notation extensions for supporting various transformation techniques upon predicate transition nets and several rules for applying such transformation techniques. The levelling technique in data-flow diagrams is adapted in the refinement and the abstraction techniques, and the state decomposition idea in state-charts is employed in designing various label formulation operators. The methodology is illustrated through the specification of a lift system. The methodology can significantly reduce the constructing complexity and enhance the comprehensibility of large predicate transition net specifications.     

A methodology for constructing fuzzy algorithms for learning vectorquantization

This paper presents a general methodology for the development of fuzzy algorithms for learning vector quantization (FALVQ). The design of specific FALVQ algorithms according to existing approaches reduces to the selection of the membership function assigned to the weight vectors of an LVQ competitive neural network, which represent the prototypes. The development of a broad variety of FALVQ algorithms can be accomplished by selecting the form of the interference function that determines the effect of the nonwinning prototypes on the attraction between the winning prototype and the input of the network. The proposed methodology provides the basis for extending the existing FALVQ 1, FALVQ 2, and FALVQ 3 families of algorithms. This paper also introduces two quantitative measures which establish a relationship between the formulation that led to FALVQ algorithms and the competition between the prototypes during the learning process. The proposed algorithms and competition measures are tested and evaluated using the IRIS data set. The significance of the proposed competition measure is illustrated using FALVQ algorithms to perform segmentation of magnetic resonance images of the brain.     

A methodology of constructing a decision path for IT investment

Information Technology (IT) may be used for organizational efficiency, but should also be flexible to adapt to the rapidly changing competitive business environment. In competitive business circumstances, management continually asks: (1) How flexible must the firm be in investing in IT in order to meet unknown business needs in the future? At the same time, how efficient must the firm be in order to meet current business needs?; (2) How well must the firm align its business strategy with IT investment in order for it to support its strategic goals?; (3) how to construct a decision path for IT investments with respect to flexibility, efficiency and alignment between business strategy and IT investments?Although many researchers have struggled to answer these questions, they generally provide no means for incorporating these factors into the IT investment decision process.This paper suggests a method that identifies the degree of flexibility required (α-value), and accounts for and incorporates the α-value in making IT investments. The proposed method is based on a product development method called Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It will be applied to a real case of the “H-company” in Korea to validate and evaluate the proposed methodology.     

A knowledge centric methodology for dental implant technology assessment using ontology based patent analysis and clinical meta-analysis

The medical equipment industry has been one of the fastest growing sectors of the decade with predicted global sales reaching US$ 430 billion in 2017 [22]. During the period from 1995 to 2008, the patent applications in medical technology increased rapidly worldwide (World Intellectual Property Organization, 2012). Patent analysis, although useful in forecasting technology development trends, has posed a challenging analysis task since the volume and diversity of new patent applications has surpassed the ability of regular firms and research teams to process and identify relevant information. Further, medical related technologies rely on clinical trials to validate and gain regulatory approval for patient treatment even though patents, protecting the intellectual property rights of inventors, have been granted. This research focuses on developing a knowledge centric methodology and system to analyze and assess viable medical technology innovations and trends considering both patents and clinical reports. Specifically, the design innovations of dental implant connections are used as a case study. A novel and generic methodology combining ontology based patent analysis and clinical meta-analysis is developed to analyze and identify the most effective patented techniques in the dental implant field. The research establishes and verifies a computer supported analytical approach and system for the strategic prediction of medical technology development trends.     

A methodology for constructing communication protocols with multiple concurrent functions

A methodology is presented for the construction of communication protocols which perform several distinct functions simultaneously. The construction of such a multi-function protocol consists of three steps: (1) the development of component protocols for the different functions, (2) the integration of component protocols into a merged protocol, and (3) the specification of operational relationship among the component protocols. The conditions required for the resulting merged protocol to retain the safety properties, such as freedom from unspecified receptions, freedom from deadlocks, and boundedness, of the component protocols are discussed. The methodology is simple and facilitates the reuse of existing protocols. Two examples are given to illustrate its usage: a full-duplex data transfer protocol and another data transfer protocol with pipelining and flow control. Huai-An Lin received the B.S.E.E. degree from National Taiwan University, Taiwan, in 1977, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer and information science from the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in 1981 and 1983, respectively. From 1983 to 1985, he was with the Gould Research Center at Rolling Meadows, Illinois. Since 1985, he has been an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. His research interests include computer communication networks, distributed systems, and software engineering. Dr. Lin is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Association for Computing Machinery.This research was partially supported by the Graduate School Research Fund of University of Washington     

一种基于本体的视频检索技术研究

传统的视频检索大多采用基于关键词的方法,难以获得让用户满意的查准率和查全率。为此提出一种基于本体的视频检索技术,该技术借助于领域本体,以其基本概念为关键词通过互联网图像搜索引擎在线获取样本图像组,提取SIFT特征建立图像特征词典,抽取图像特征直方图并计算相似度,辅助完成视频的自动标注,初始化视频检索库;同时,借助于领域本体,对从用户的查询输入中抽取的关键词进行语义扩展,将以扩展概念集进行检索的结果返回给用户,以此实现基于本体的视频检索。最后,结合实例对该算法进行实现和分析,表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种关系数据库到本体的自动构建方法

随着语义网的发展,对本体的需要也越来越大。但是目前大多数的数据被存储在关系数据库中,这些数据不能被语义网应用程序所访问。因此如何将关系数据中的数据转化为可以被语义网应用的数据,是一个需要解决的问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种从数据库自动地构建OWL本体的方法。该方法把本体构建过程分为语义信息的发现和本体映射两个部分。并且定义了一种图M-Graph,通过M-Graph的生成与分析,结合映射规则自动地构建OWL本体。实验验证,该方法可自动地由关系数据库构建OWL本体,并且可以得到相对丰富和准确的本体。     

基于本体翻译的领域本体自动构建

手工构建本体是一项既费时又费力的工作,为解决此项工作的瓶颈问题,本体自动构建成为当前的一个研究热点和重点。考虑到不同语言描述的本体在本质上是相同的,只是表层的表示符号不同,提出了一种基于本体翻译的领域本体自动构建算法,该算法针对已存在本体中概念标签的不同情况,分别采用不同的统计指标来筛选标签的目标语翻译。通过将一个英文金融本体翻译成中文对算法进行了实验验证,说明了算法的有效性。     

A knowledge acquisition methodology to ontology construction for information retrieval from medical documents

Abstract: Vast amounts of medical information reside within text documents, so that the automatic retrieval of such information would certainly be beneficial for clinical activities. The need for overcoming the bottleneck provoked by the manual construction of ontologies has generated several studies and research on obtaining semi-automatic methods to build ontologies. Most techniques for learning domain ontologies from free text have important limitations. Thus, they can extract concepts so that only taxonomies are generally produced although there are other types of semantic relations relevant in knowledge modelling. This paper presents a language-independent approach for extracting knowledge from medical natural language documents. The knowledge is represented by means of ontologies that can have multiple semantic relationships among concepts.     

基于跨语本体重用的维语本体构建方法

针对维英本体共性知识的获取问题,提出一种基于跨语本体重用的快速构建维语领域本体方法。该方法将初始维语本体转换为英语本体,通过本体选择、映射和合并等过程对其丰富,达到一定阈值,转换为维语本体。提出了数据源势、本体势等概念和构建维语本体的数据模型。基于该方法构造了一个旅游领域本体实例,转换率达到78.8%,充分验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

Extraction of terms and semantic relationships from Arabic texts for automatic construction of an ontology

The task of building an ontology from a textual corpus starts with the conceptualization phase, which extracts ontology concepts. These concepts are linked by semantic relationships. In this paper, we describe an approach to the construction of an ontology from an Arabic textual corpus, starting first with the collection and preparation of the corpus through normalization, removing stop words and stemming; then, to extract terms of our ontology, a statistical method for extracting simple and complex terms, called “the repeated segments method” are applied. To select segments with sufficient weight we apply the weighting method term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF), and to link these terms by semantic relationships we apply an automatic method of learning linguistic markers from text. This method requires a dataset of relationship pairs, which are extracted from two external resources: an Arabic dictionary of synonyms and antonyms and the lexical database Arabic WordNet. Finally, we present the results of our experimentation using our textual corpus. The evaluation of our approach shows encouraging results in terms of recall and precision.     

流程导向的新产品开发领域本体构建方法研究

分析了新产品开发领域的特点,基于对现有本体构建方法的分析和改进,结合基于本体的知识检索,提出了流程导向的新产品开发领域本体构建方法。该过程分为原型展示、本体详细构建、本体进化三个阶段。重点对该方法的过程进行了详细阐述。最后,对流程导向的新产品开发本体构建方法进行了评述。     

基于本体的MAS黑板模型研究

探讨了基于本体的多智能代理黑板知识库系统(OMSBS)的体系结构及OMABS中Agent的模型、组织和交互方式。提出了一种描述混合知识类型的本体知识表达模型。本体在OMSBS中作为领域知识智能代理的知识库,是知识共享和智能代理之间通讯的基础,设计了一类调度智能代理以控制知识源智能代理的行为。OMSBS可以表达混合类型知识及其推理过程,具有良好的适应性和扩展性,呈现出开放结构。     

基于本体论的认知协作

认知协作是协同工作的一个重要方面,知识本体为认知协作提供了知识宏观结构的优选形式;主体在认知协作过程中的认知进化可以通过主体的元学习和主体间的群学习实现。分别分析了两类学习的机制,并在此基础上提出认知协作群体的动态模型,阐述了主体的协作动作与认知协作群体环境的关系。     

基于Ontology的建模方法

Ontology作为一种描述概念与概念之间关系的模型,能够解决知识共享和重用问题,近年来已被广泛应用于计算机科学的众多领域中,如数字图书馆、软件复用、Web异构信息的处理和语义Web等.介绍了Ontology的定义、分类及组成,并且介绍了建立本体的步骤,通过一个具体的实例详细阐述了建立本体的过程,最后给出了建立本体的构造图.