基于SoC平台的H.264/MPEG-4 AVC解码器设计

提出了一种基于SoC平台的H.264/MPEG-4 AVC解码器设计方案,该方案基于Gaisler Research开发的LEON3 RISC核,采用双总线的流水线结构,具有很高的性价比,通过在Modelsim 6.0下的仿真结果表明,硬件解码部分在200 MHz系统时钟时可以实时解码H.264 High 44 4 profile 4.0 level码流.     

Improved lossless intra coding for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.

A new lossless intra coding method based on sample-by-sample differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is presented as an enhancement of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard. The H.264/AVC design includes a multidirectional spatial prediction method to reduce spatial redundancy by using neighboring samples as a prediction for the samples in a block of data to be encoded. In the new lossless intra coding method, the spatial prediction is performed based on samplewise DPCM instead of in the block-based manner used in the current H.264/AVC standard, while the block structure is retained for the residual difference entropy coding process. We show that the new method, based on samplewise DPCM, does not have a major complexity penalty, despite its apparent pipeline dependencies. Experiments show that the new lossless intra coding method reduces the bit rate by approximately 12% in comparison with the lossless intra coding method previously included in the H.264/AVC standard. As a result, the new method is currently being adopted into the H.264/AVC standard in a new enhancement project.     

Rate control for hierarchical B-frames in H.264/AVC

Hierarchical B-frames can bring high coding performance when introduced into H.264/AVC.However,the traditional rate control schemes can not work efficiently in such new coding framework.This article presents a rate control algorithm for hierarchical B-frames in H.264/AVC.Taking the feature of the dyadic hierarchical coding structure into consideration,the proposed algorithm includes group of pictures(GOP)layer,temporal layer and frame layer bits allocation.After frame layer bits allocation is complete,frame layer quantization parameters(QP)determination strategy is responsible for calculating the final QP.Experimental results show that compared with other rate control algorithms,the proposed one can improve the coding performance and reduce the mismatch of target bit rate and real bit rate.     

General Architecture for MPEG-2/H.263/H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC Intra Frame Transcoding

The latest international video-coding standard H.264/AVC significantly achieves better coding performance compared to prior video coding standards such as MPEG-2 and H.263, which have been widely used in today’s digital video applications. To provide the interoperability between different coding standards, this paper proposes an efficient architecture for MPEG-2/H.263/H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC intra frame transcoding, using the original information such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and coded mode type. Low-frequency components of DCT coefficients and a novel rate distortion cost function are used to select a set of candidate modes for rate distortion optimization (RDO) decision. For H.263 and H.264/AVC, a mode refinement scheme is utilized to eliminate unlikely modes before RDO mode decision, based on coded mode information. The experimental results, conducted on JM12.2 with fast C8MB mode decision, reveal that average 58%, 59% and 60% of computation (re-encoding) time can be saved for MPEG-2, H.263, H.264/AVC to H.264/AVC intra frame transcodings respectively, while preserving good coding performance when compared with complex cascaded pixel domain transcoding (CCPDT); or average 88% (a speed up factor of 8) when compared with CCPDT without considering fast C8MB. The proposed algorithm for H.264/AVC homogeneous transcoding is also compared to the simple cascaded pixel domain transcoding (with original mode reuse). The results of this comparison indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the mode reuse algorithm in coding performance, with only slightly higher computation.     

Rate control for consistent visual quality of H.264/AVC encoding

In this paper, a novel rate control scheme with sliding window basic unit is proposed to achieve consistent or smooth visual quality for H.264/AVC based video streaming. A sliding window consists of a group of successive frames and moves forward by one frame each time. To make the sliding window scheme possible for real-time video streaming, the initial encoder delay inherently in a video streaming system is utilized to generate all the bits of a window in advance, so that these bits for transmission are ready before their due time. The use of initial encoder delay does not introduce any additional delay in video streaming but benefits visual quality as compared to traditional one-pass rate control algorithms of H.264/AVC. Then, a Sliding Window Buffer Checking (SWBC) algorithm is proposed for buffer control at sliding window level and it accords with traditional buffer measurement of H.264/AVC. Extensive experimental results exhibit that higher coding performance, consistent visual quality and compliant buffer constraint can be achieved by the proposed algorithm.     

H.264编/解码器中去块效应滤波系统的设计

提出了一种针对H.264/MPEG-4 AVC标准的高性能低复杂度的去块效应滤波系统的VLSI结构,该结构利用数据重用机制以减少数据的吞吐量,同时辅以高效的数据流控制和并行计算.在100MHz的情况下,该结构满足1920×1088@30Hz的高清晰度视频编解码要求.     

一种面向H.264/AVC的码率控制算法

码率控制是视频编码中非常重要的技术之一,任何标准离开码率控制其应用都会受到限制.H.264/AVC是目前最新的视频编码标准,本文根据H.264/AVC编码标准的特性及其HRD部分对码率控制的要求,提出了一种新的适合H.264/AVC的码率控制算法,该算法实现了率失真优化与码率控制的结合,使得在达到码率控制的同时也能保证较高的编码效率,同时在码率控制的过程中根据HRD缓冲区状态进行位分配调整,保证了编解码缓冲区既不上溢又不下溢.该算法作为技术提案已被H.264/AVC接受,并集成到H.264/AVC的校验模型软件中.     

H．264／AVC率失真优化（RDO）策略研究

本文对H.264/AVC中所运用的率失真优化策略进行了深入研究。首先介绍了率失真理论及率失真优化模型,然后参照JM 8.4代码详细分析了H.264/AVC各模块的代价函数,并重点研究了其编码过程中率失真代价函数的运用策略。最后通过对JM 8.4代码的测试,得出率失真优化的性能,并对其优缺点进行了分析,提出进一步改进和优化的方向。     

一种新的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

码率控制可以有效提高H.264视频压缩的图像传输质量。本文在JM模型的JVT-H017码率控制方案基础上,提出一种新的码率控制方法。该方法首先对原有的平均绝对差值(MAD)线性预测方法进行改进,提出新的三维MAD预测模型,以提高对图像基本单元复杂度的准确预测;在此基础上,采用自适应目标比特分配方法,实现自适应的码率控制。实验结果表明,与已有的基于线性MAD预测的方法相比,文章方法具有更好的码率控制性能,从而有效提高了H.264视频压缩算法的图像传输质量。     

MPEG-4和H.264

简述MPEG-4、H.264标准的组成,及各自的优势.     

High-performance adaptive group-of-picture rate control for H.264/AVC

In this paper, an adaptive group-of-picture (AGOP) control is proposed to improve the coding performance for the H.264/AVC system. The efficient algorithm is developed to find the quantized parameter with temporal correlation between inter-frames. According to the estimated parameters, the GOP coding type can be adaptively selected as AGOP or BGOP (basic GOP). The rate control with some decision functions is proposed to modify the quantization parameter (QP). The coding rate can accurately meet the target rate with adjusting QP value dynamically, while keeping low computational overhead. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve PSNR by about 1 dB in average compared with the original H.264/AVC reference software (JM12.4), from various sequences testing.     

Fast mode-decision for H.264/AVC based on inter-frame correlations

The H.264/AVC standard yields higher coding efficiency rates than other video coding standards. This is because it uses the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique, which selects the optimal coding mode and a reference frame for each macroblock (MB). In order to achieve this, the encoder has to encode a given block by exhaustively using all kinds of combinations (including different intra and inter-prediction modes). As a result, the computational complexity of video coding in H.264/AVC is extremely high. In this paper, two fast intra-/inter-mode-decision algorithms are proposed to reduce the complexity of the encoder. Both of these algorithms are based on the inter-frame correlation among adjacent pictures. For the fast intra-mode-decision, we used the intra-mode of the most-correlated MB at the reference frame to encode the current MB and the stationary property of the current MB was used for the fast inter-mode-decision. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms significantly reduced the computational complexity with a negligible loss of PSNR and a slight increase in bitrate.     

一种适合硬件实现的H.264/AVC宏块级码率控制算法

主要针对H.264/AVC编码器硬件实现时的特点,提出了一种适合硬件实现的高效码率控制方案。为了提高数据处理效率,硬件编码器通常采用Zigzag宏块编码顺序和宏块级流水结构,两者结合会产生复杂的数据依赖关系。在数据依赖存在的条件下,提出了利用时域和空域相关性预测帧级和宏块级平均绝对误差(MAD),提高预测精度获取合适的量化参数。实验结果显示与G012算法相比,该算法提高了MAD预测精度,平均PSNR提高了0.12 dB,解决了硬件实现时的数据依赖问题。     

一种改进比特分配的H．264／AVC码率控制算法

提出了一种新的改进的H．264／AVC码率控制算法,克服了MAD不能客观、准确的反映出整个图像的复杂度的问题,引入了一个新的MADMV参数,使包括纹理比特和头比特的图像复杂度得到准确的预测。实验结果表明,与JVT-G012相比,该方法可以在准确控制码率的同时,图像的视觉质量也有相应的提高。     

基于H.264/AVC的视频信息隐藏算法

在H.264/AVC的帧内预测环节,调制H.264/AVC编码中I帧4×4亮度块的帧内预测模式实现信息隐藏.这种调制基于该模式与待隐藏比特之间的映射规则进行.宿主4×4块的具体位置由各块自身特点结合密钥所指定的嵌入位置模板确定.信息的提取过程不需要原始视频内容,也不需完全解码,而只要对码流中的帧内预测模式进行解码即可.     

基于H.264编码的多屏共享系统研究

H.264/AVC是一种由ITU-T视频编码专家组合ISO/IEC JTC1动态图像专家组联合提出的高度压缩视频编码器标准。然而H.264/AVC编码器较高的运算复杂度提高了多屏共享系统的延迟时间。H.264/AVC由多种开源的实现,其中X264因简单高效而得到广泛的应用。在此对多频共享系统的关键技术进行实现,分析X264编码器提供的运动估计算法并且提出一种优化的算法。实验表明,新的算法提高了编码的速度、减少了系统延迟时间,同时视频质量几乎没有产生损失。     

基于H.264/AVC的时空域差错隐藏方案

为了减小视频传输中的错误对解码端重建视频质量的影响,提出了一套结合时空域差错隐藏算法的方案。针对错误宏块在视频图像中呈随机分布的情况,首先将编码端帧内预测编码的思想引入到解码端,提出了一种方向性插值的空域差错隐藏算法;然后提出了一种基于8×8块的增强型时域差错隐藏算法来改善运动剧烈区域的质量;最后,提出了一种根据相邻宏块编码模式来选择时域或空域差错隐藏算法的切换策略。实验证明,提出的差错隐藏方案无论是在客观质量上,还是在主观质量上,都优于H.264/AVC的效果。     

一种结合人眼视觉特性的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

针对应用于H.264/AVC视频编码中的码率控制算法G012的不足,提出了一种结合人眼视觉特性的H.264的码率控制算法.首先基于当前帧与前一帧的帧差比值来表示各帧图像的相对复杂程度,以此分配帧级的目标比特数;通过分析图像中的运动信息和纹理特征,给出了一种简单有效的度量宏块视觉敏感度的方法,并在基本单元层利用此视觉敏感...     

Efficient one-pass frame level rate control for H.264/AVC

In this paper, an efficient one-pass frame level rate control algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC, where the two essential problems in rate control, i.e., the budget allocation (BA) and the quantization parameter determination (QPD) are both considered. First, an efficient BA scheme is designed with special consideration of the inter-frame dependency. Accordingly, the error propagation caused by improper QP assignment in the motion compensation process is reduced and the total distortion is kept at a low level. Second, a better QPD method is developed based on an accurate rate model and a second feedback mechanism so that a high rate accuracy is guaranteed. Simulations verified the performance of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the fixed QP coding and the two recommended rate control algorithms (G012-MB and G012-Frame) in H.264/AVC reference software, up to 1.50, 1.12, and 0.94 dB were achieved with a higher rate accuracy in the coding efficiency test defined by ITU-T VCEG. Particularly, a more significant improvement was observed in slow movement scenarios: compared with G012-MB, a gain of 0.80 dB on average and 1.43 dB at maximum was obtained with 66.0% reduction of average rate mismatch. Compared with G012-Frame, the average and maximum gains are 0.34 and 1.06 dB, respectively. While at the same time, the average rate mismatch was reduced by 90.4%. Considering the low computational cost, the proposed algorithm is quite appealing to real-time video applications.