A building elements selection system for architects

This paper explains the development stages of an expert system BES for the evaluation and selection of the building elements. The work covers all kinds of building elements that are available in building construction including retaining walls, foundations, external walls, internal walls, floors, external stairs, internal stairs, roofs, external chimneys, internal chimneys, windows, and external doors and internal doors. The selection is based on the importance of performance requirements of the building elements and their expected performances. The selection is achieved by SMART Methodology, and the expert system shell “Exsys Corvid” is used to construct the expert system. Use of computer and Internet with its advantages in handling vast amount of data makes the system widely applicable and a useful design aid for architects. The decision-making feature of the system provides a suitable selection among numerous alternatives. The paper explains the experience gained through the use of this method and discusses further development of the system.     

The use of normative energy calculation beyond building performance rating

Standardized building performance assessment is best expressed with a so-called normative calculation method, such as defined in the Committee for Standardization/International Organization for Standardization (CEN/ISO) calculation standards. The normative calculation method has advantages of simplicity, transparency, robustness and reproducibility. For systematic energy performance assessment at various scales, i.e. at the unit of analysis of one building up to a large-scale collection of buildings, the authors' group developed the Energy Performance Standard Calculation Toolkit (EPSCT). This toolkit calculates objective indicators of energy performance using either the monthly or hourly calculation method as specified in the CEN/ISO standard for building energy calculation. The toolkit is the foundation for numerous single, medium-scale and large-scale building energy management applications. At the largest level, applications should be able to manage hundreds or thousands of buildings. The paper introduces two novel applications that have the normative calculation at their core: (1) network energy performance modelling and (2) agent-based building stock energy modelling.     

Gas-filled panels for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

With their thermal conductivity down to 10 mW/m K, gas-filled panels (GFPs) are regarded as possible high performance thermal insulating solutions for building applications. However, thermal conductivities of respectively 46 and 40 mW/m K have so far been achieved for prototype air-filled and argon-filled panels, values slightly higher than currently traditional building insulation materials. Compared to other high performance thermal insulation materials and solutions, e.g. vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), the future of GFPs may therefore be questioned. Nevertheless, the application of a low-conductive gas and reflective barriers may have a potential in the development of new high performance thermal insulation materials. Within this work, a state-of-the-art review is given on the knowledge of GFPs for building applications today.     

Aerogel insulation for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

Aerogels are regarded as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulation materials for building applications today. With a thermal conductivity down to 13 mW/(m K) for commercial products they show remarkable characteristics compared to traditional thermal insulation materials. Also the possibility of high transmittances in the solar spectrum is of high interest for the construction sector. With the proper knowledge they give both the architect and engineer the opportunity of re-inventing architectural solutions. Within this work, a review is given on the knowledge of aerogel insulation in general and for building applications in particular.     

Phase change materials for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as a possible solution for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. By storing and releasing heat within a certain temperature range, it raises the building inertia and stabilizes indoor climate. Within this work, a state-of-the-art review is given on the knowledge of PCMs today for building applications.     

Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: A review and beyond

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are regarded as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulation solutions on the market today. Thermal performances three to six times better than still-air are achieved by applying a vacuum to an encapsulated micro-porous material, resulting in a great potential for combining the reduction of energy consumption in buildings with slim constructions. However, thermal bridging due to the panel envelope and degradation of thermal performance through time occurs with current technology. Furthermore, VIPs cannot be cut on site and the panels are fragile towards damaging. These effects have to be taken into account for building applications as they may diminish the overall usability and thermal performance.This paper is as far as the authors know the first comprehensive review on VIPs. Properties, requirements and possibilities of foil encapsulated VIPs for building applications are studied based on available literature, emphasizing thermal bridging and degradation through time. An extension is made towards gas-filled panels and aerogels, showing that other high performance thermal insulation solutions do exist. Combining the technology of these solutions and others may lead to a new leap forward. Feasible paths beyond VIPs are investigated and possibilities such as vacuum insulation materials (VIMs) and nano insulation materials (NIMs) are proposed.     

Stabilization of expansive soils using chemical additives: A review

Volume instability of expansive soils due to moisture fluctuations is often disastrous, causing severe damages and distortions in the supported structures. It is, therefore, necessary to adequately improve the performance of such soils that they can favorably fulfil the post-construction stability requirements. This can be achieved through chemical stabilization using additives such as lime, cement and fly ash. In this paper, suitability of such additives under various conditions and their mechanisms are reviewed in detail. It is observed that the stabilization process primarily involves hydration, cation exchange, flocculation and pozzolanic reactions. The degree of stabilization is controlled by several factors such as additive type, additive content, soil type, soil mineralogy, curing period, curing temperature, delay in compaction, pH of soil matrix, and molding water content, including presence of nano-silica, organic matter and sulfate compounds. Provision of nano-silica not only improves soil packing but also accelerates the pozzolanic reaction. However, presence of deleterious compounds such as sulfate or organic matter can turn the treated soils unfavorable at times even worser than the unstabilized ones.     

浅谈建筑给水方式的选择

对实践中常见的建筑给水方式的分类、布置形式加以描述，从系统维护、是否节能、供水的安全性及适用的外部条件等方面进行了分析，对常见的给水方式加以总结，可供进行给水方式设计时参考。     

建筑安全文明施工是现代建筑企业的必然选择

主要从企业文化、综合素质、市场竞争力、职工意识等方面分析了建筑安全文明施工的重要意义,并对建筑企业安全文化建设的步骤进行了论述,为建立现代施工安全管理、营造企业安全文化、实现建筑安全文明施工提供了依据。     

建筑屋面板综述

针对国内建筑屋面板生产现状,并结合有关研究成果,对建筑屋面板进行了分类,并对其性能、现状进行了综合阐述。     

土体微观力学解析模型：进展及发展

基于土体的微观结构分析基础上而建立的本构模型,不仅可以反映土体的应力-应变关系,而且可以揭示土体变形和强度发展的微观机理。为此,总结了当前考虑土体微观结构的力学本构模拟方法,并分为三大类别：①考虑微观分布特征的宏观模型;②基于非连续数值计算法的微观土力学模型;③取代表性体积在微观颗粒接触面方向上进行积分的解析模型。文中分析总结了不同方法之间的优缺点,并指出就目前阶段而言,微观力学解析方法不仅可以很好地考虑土的微观结构及其变化,还可以比较容易地应用于工程实践。为此,结合笔者及其合作伙伴近年来在砂土及黏土静、动力本构模拟上的研究成果,重点介绍了这种解析模型的框架以及能取得的模拟效果。最后,展示了微观力学模型在黏土流变特性及粗细颗粒混合土力学特性模拟上的最新扩展。     

某医院综合住院楼深基坑土方开挖方案

结合山西大医院综合住院楼工程地质情况和工期安排,详细介绍了该工程深基坑土方开挖的施工工艺,并阐述了施工过程中的安全保证措施,通过实践取得了良好的效益,为今后类似工程积累了经验。     

Simplified thermal and hygric building models: A literature review

This paper provides a systematic literature review on simplified building models. Questions are answered like: What kind of modelling approaches are applied? What are their (dis)advantages? What are important modelling aspects? The review showed that simplified building models can be classified into neural network models (black box), linear parametric models (black box or grey box) and lumped capacitance models (white box). Research has mainly dealt with network topology, but more research is needed on the influence of input parameters. The review showed that particularly the modelling of the influence of sun irradiation and thermal capacitance is not performed consistently amongst researchers. Furthermore, a model with physical meaning, dealing with both temperature and relative humidity, is still lacking. Inverse modelling has been widely applied to determine models parameters. Different optimization algorithms have been used, but mainly the conventional Gaus–Newton and the newer genetic algorithms. However, the combination of algorithms to combine their strengths has not been researched. Despite all the attention for state of the art building performance simulation tools, simplified building models should not be forgotten since they have many useful applications. Further research is needed to develop a simplified hygric and thermal building model with physical meaning.     

中银大厦结构施工中模板的选择

根据中银大厦施工中不同的结构形式,就柱模板、墙体模板、梁板模板、旋转车道模板、大截面梁模板的选择作了论述,同时总结出几点体会,对类似结构工程施工中模板选择具有指导意义。     

Intelligent building research: a review

Within the last two decades, substantial amount of literature on intelligent building has been generated. However, there is a lack of systematic review of existing research efforts and achievements. A comprehensive review on existing research provides great benefits to identify where more efforts are needed and therefore the future research directions. For this purpose, this paper reviews the literature related to the subject area of intelligent building. Our review indicates that previous research efforts have dealt mainly with three research aspects including advanced and innovative intelligent technologies research, performance evaluation methodologies and investment evaluation analysis. It is also identified that among the three research aspects, relatively less literature has been found addressing the issues of investment evaluation of intelligent buildings. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the paper also summarizes a few future research directions, which are useful to researchers working in this important area.     

面向BIM消防智能审查的规范语义模型研究

消防审查是建筑工程项目设计审查的重要组成部分。随着BIM技术在建筑工程领域的应用,基于BIM模型实现消防智能审查的需求非常迫切,如何让计算机准确理解规范条文知识,已成为实现消防智能审查的核心问题,也是现阶段行业研究的热点。提出了面向BIM消防智能审查的规范语义模型构建方法,基于IFC标准进行知识本体构建,并以此为条文结构化对象,通过逻辑表达式建立规范语义模型,实现消防规范条文的快速结构化表达,从而达到面向BIM模型的消防智能审查的目的。通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

建筑消防系统的历史回顾

建筑消防的历史可追溯到几千年以前。仅凭一篇文章无法全面探讨其发展过程中的方方面面。然而,在建筑消防中,许多事件、人物和发明在这个发展过程意义非凡。消防系统的推广和发展是本文讨论的重点,尤其是自动喷水灭火系统的发展。虽然建筑消防系统种类各异,本文将重点介绍自动喷水灭火系统,因为消防工程师、保险公司和产权人都普遍认为自动喷水灭火系统是财产和生命安全最有效的保护措施。它在控火及灭火效率和可信度方面成绩斐然,被载入史册。火对于人类生存是必不可少的。然而,不必要的火却是极具破坏性的。它不但给人们精神上带来痛苦,还…