Gas-filled panels for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

With their thermal conductivity down to 10 mW/m K, gas-filled panels (GFPs) are regarded as possible high performance thermal insulating solutions for building applications. However, thermal conductivities of respectively 46 and 40 mW/m K have so far been achieved for prototype air-filled and argon-filled panels, values slightly higher than currently traditional building insulation materials. Compared to other high performance thermal insulation materials and solutions, e.g. vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), the future of GFPs may therefore be questioned. Nevertheless, the application of a low-conductive gas and reflective barriers may have a potential in the development of new high performance thermal insulation materials. Within this work, a state-of-the-art review is given on the knowledge of GFPs for building applications today.     

The use of normative energy calculation beyond building performance rating

Standardized building performance assessment is best expressed with a so-called normative calculation method, such as defined in the Committee for Standardization/International Organization for Standardization (CEN/ISO) calculation standards. The normative calculation method has advantages of simplicity, transparency, robustness and reproducibility. For systematic energy performance assessment at various scales, i.e. at the unit of analysis of one building up to a large-scale collection of buildings, the authors' group developed the Energy Performance Standard Calculation Toolkit (EPSCT). This toolkit calculates objective indicators of energy performance using either the monthly or hourly calculation method as specified in the CEN/ISO standard for building energy calculation. The toolkit is the foundation for numerous single, medium-scale and large-scale building energy management applications. At the largest level, applications should be able to manage hundreds or thousands of buildings. The paper introduces two novel applications that have the normative calculation at their core: (1) network energy performance modelling and (2) agent-based building stock energy modelling.     

Phase change materials for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as a possible solution for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. By storing and releasing heat within a certain temperature range, it raises the building inertia and stabilizes indoor climate. Within this work, a state-of-the-art review is given on the knowledge of PCMs today for building applications.     

Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: A review and beyond

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are regarded as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulation solutions on the market today. Thermal performances three to six times better than still-air are achieved by applying a vacuum to an encapsulated micro-porous material, resulting in a great potential for combining the reduction of energy consumption in buildings with slim constructions. However, thermal bridging due to the panel envelope and degradation of thermal performance through time occurs with current technology. Furthermore, VIPs cannot be cut on site and the panels are fragile towards damaging. These effects have to be taken into account for building applications as they may diminish the overall usability and thermal performance.This paper is as far as the authors know the first comprehensive review on VIPs. Properties, requirements and possibilities of foil encapsulated VIPs for building applications are studied based on available literature, emphasizing thermal bridging and degradation through time. An extension is made towards gas-filled panels and aerogels, showing that other high performance thermal insulation solutions do exist. Combining the technology of these solutions and others may lead to a new leap forward. Feasible paths beyond VIPs are investigated and possibilities such as vacuum insulation materials (VIMs) and nano insulation materials (NIMs) are proposed.     

浅谈建筑给水方式的选择

对实践中常见的建筑给水方式的分类、布置形式加以描述，从系统维护、是否节能、供水的安全性及适用的外部条件等方面进行了分析，对常见的给水方式加以总结，可供进行给水方式设计时参考。     

建筑屋面板综述

针对国内建筑屋面板生产现状,并结合有关研究成果,对建筑屋面板进行了分类,并对其性能、现状进行了综合阐述。     

某医院综合住院楼深基坑土方开挖方案

结合山西大医院综合住院楼工程地质情况和工期安排,详细介绍了该工程深基坑土方开挖的施工工艺,并阐述了施工过程中的安全保证措施,通过实践取得了良好的效益,为今后类似工程积累了经验。     

中银大厦结构施工中模板的选择

根据中银大厦施工中不同的结构形式,就柱模板、墙体模板、梁板模板、旋转车道模板、大截面梁模板的选择作了论述,同时总结出几点体会,对类似结构工程施工中模板选择具有指导意义。     

建筑消防系统的历史回顾

建筑消防的历史可追溯到几千年以前。仅凭一篇文章无法全面探讨其发展过程中的方方面面。然而,在建筑消防中,许多事件、人物和发明在这个发展过程意义非凡。消防系统的推广和发展是本文讨论的重点,尤其是自动喷水灭火系统的发展。虽然建筑消防系统种类各异,本文将重点介绍自动喷水灭火系统,因为消防工程师、保险公司和产权人都普遍认为自动喷水灭火系统是财产和生命安全最有效的保护措施。它在控火及灭火效率和可信度方面成绩斐然,被载入史册。火对于人类生存是必不可少的。然而,不必要的火却是极具破坏性的。它不但给人们精神上带来痛苦,还…     

福建土楼绿化环境景观建设的思考

通过对福建土楼绿化环境景观建设的思考,探讨保护土楼传统景观资源,进一步提高土楼的环境质量。     

总图工程土石方工程量电算程序编制

分析了总图工程土石方工程量的简化计算方法，提出了编程计算的思路，然后用穷举法分析各种情况，并分别进行计算。使用此程序可方便快捷地计算出方格网土石方工程量，有效地提高工作效率。     

综合建筑设计中的结构选型经济性分析

基于综合建筑设计过程中对结构造型的理解和认识,阐述了渗透于其中的经济性概念,从综合建筑的平面和剖面设计等方面,讨论了建筑空间与结构之间的关系,提出了综合建筑设计中的设计构思方法,以期对当前的建筑设计和结构宏观体系选型具有一定的借鉴价值。     

Bed design for a building constructed with local freezing of soils

A procedure is described for the analytical bed design of a building constructed with the freezing of soils directly on foundations with thermosiphons. The condition whereby the combination of resisting forces is not exceeded by the heaving forces is analyzed as a stability condition. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 1, pp. 26–30, January–February, 1997.     

某高层住宅的桩基选型及设计

以某高层住宅工程为例,介绍了后注浆灌注桩、PHC管桩等常用桩型在高层地基中的应用技术,并结合工程实例,对各桩型的经济性进行了分析,着重阐述了各常用桩的优缺点,得出了该工程最适宜的桩型。     

A review of wind-driven rain research in building science

Wind-driven rain (WDR) or driving rain is rain that is given a horizontal velocity component by the wind. WDR research is of importance in a number of research areas including earth sciences, meteorology and building science. Research methods and results are exchangeable between these domains but no exchanges could yet be noted. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of WDR research in building science. WDR is the most important moisture source affecting the performance of building facades. Hygrothermal and durability analysis of facades requires the quantification of the WDR loads. Research efforts can be classified according to the quantification methods used. Three categories are distinguished: (1) experimental methods, (2) semi-empirical methods and (3) numerical methods. The principles of each method are described and the state-of-the-art is outlined. It has been the intent of the present paper to bring together the reports, papers and books—published and unpublished—dealing with WDR research in building science to provide a database of information for researchers interested in and/or working in WDR research, independent of their field of expertise.     

某高层建筑基础型式的探讨

对西安东郊咸宁路与兴庆路交汇处的一座高层住宅楼不同基础型式的安全性进行了分析 ,并利用综合经济效益的方法 ,对基础的经济性进行了对比 .研究发现 ,在满足安全性的前提下 ,各种基础型式的经济效益有明显的差异 ,采用浅基础有着良好的经济效益 .由此得出结论 :基础型式是否合理 ,对整个建筑的经济效益将产生很大的影响 ,设计前的基础选型工作十分重要 ;在西安市这样的软土地区建造多高层建筑 ,有必要进行浅基础与桩基的经济效益比较 ,从而确定安全、经济合理的基础型式 .