混杂纤维复合材料加固混凝土梁的合理方法

提出玻璃纤维 (GF)有纬单向布和碳纤维 (CF)无纬单向布合理匹配 ,混杂加固混凝土梁的思路 ,并进行试验研究。结果表明相对碳纤维复合材料 (CFRP)加固方法 ,合理匹配的GF CF混杂纤维复合材料 (HFRP)加固法既能在保证承载力的前提下显著提高被加固构件的延性 ,又能显著降低加固成本 ,且刚度差别很小。     

Enhancement of flexural behaviour of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams using engineered cementitious composites transition layer

This paper aimed to develop and evaluate an efficient strengthening method for reinforced concrete beams, based on engineered cementitious composites (ECC) to be applied as a transition layer prior to the application of the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening sheet. The role of the proposed transition layer is to control the cracking of concrete and detain or even avoid premature de-bonding of the strengthening CFRP sheets. As the ability of the transition layer to exhibit a strain hardening behaviour is mainly dependent on the used fibre volumetric ratio, three ECC mixes with three different polypropylene fibre volumetric ratios were used (fibre volumetric ratio of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The experimental results showed that while the used CFRP strengthening sheet can increase the ultimate load by about 28.8% compared with the control un-strengthened beam, this increase can reach about 48.5% by applying the same CFRP sheet to the proposed ECC transition layer that contains a fibre volumetric ratio of 1.5%. Moreover, this layer integrated with the mention ratio of the fibre content enabled the CFRP sheet to be in a complete contact with the strengthened beam without any de-bonding up the rupture of the CFRP sheet at failure.     

存在薄弱界面的碳纤维布复合材料加固钢筋混凝土梁剥离试验研究

置换受损保护层并外贴碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁时,可能因新老混凝土黏结不良产生水平薄弱界面,影响其受力性能。基于此,设计10个带有水平弱界面的CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁试件,对比分析不同界面黏结强度、加固量、保护层厚度及U形箍约束条件下加固梁的受力性能及CFRP的剥离破坏行为。结果表明,薄弱界面的存在易导致中部保护层剥离过早发生,并向端部发展,削弱了加固体系的整体性,无约束条件下纵向CFRP发生整体剥离。界面削弱越严重,加固量越大,保护层厚度越小,界面剪切传递能力越弱,剥离破坏越易发生和发展。U形箍约束能防止纵向CFRP整体剥离破坏,保证其有效受力,但不能完全防止局部剥离沿薄弱界面发展,易导致纵向CFRP在复合受力条件下过早断裂,且存在较高的端部锚固破坏的风险。     

Finite element modelling of CFRP jacketed CFST members under flexural loading

In this era, using concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members has become very popular in the construction industry; at the same time, ageing of structures and deterioration of members are often reported. Therefore, actions like implementing strengthening techniques with the new materials become essential to combat this problem. Due to their in-service and superior mechanical properties, carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites make an excellent candidate after upgrading. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the suitability of CFRP in strengthening of CFST members under flexure. Among eighteen beams, nine beams were strengthened by full wrapping (fibre bonded at the bottom throughout the entire length of beam) and the remaining nine beams were strengthened by partial wrapping (fibre bonded in-between loading points at the bottom). The effect of CFRP layers on the moment carrying capacity of CFST beams was investigated. Also a nonlinear finite element model was developed using the software ANSYS 12.0, to validate the analytical results such as load–deformation and the corresponding failure modes. The experimental results revealed that beams strengthened by partial wrapping failed by delamination of fibre, even before attaining the ultimate load of control beam but the beams strengthened by full wrapping exhibited more enhancements in moment carrying capacity and stiffness. From the numerical simulation and experiments, it is suggested that if any appropriate anchorages are provided in partial wrapping scheme to avoid delamination of fibre, then it will be turned into a fine and economical method for strengthening of CFST members.     

Near-surface mounted carbon fibre rod used for combined strengthening and cathodic protection for reinforced concrete structures

The dual function of a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) rod working as the near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) anode for corroded reinforced concrete structures has been proposed and researched. In this paper, a CFRP rod was used for both flexural strengthening of pre-corroded reinforced concrete beams and in a dual functional capacity as an ICCP anode. After a period of ICCP operation at high current density, the beams were subjected to flexural testing to determine the load–deflection relationships. The potential decays of the steel met recognised ICCP standards, and the CFRP remained effective in strengthening the corroded reinforced concrete beams. The bonding at the CFRP rod anode and concrete interface was improved by using a combination of geopolymer and epoxy resin; therefore, the ultimate strength of a dual function CFRP rod with combination of bonding medium (geopolymer and epoxy) increased significantly.     

Finite element modelling of CFRP jacketed CFST members under flexural loading

In this era, using concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members has become very popular in the construction industry; at the same time, ageing of structures and deterioration of members are often reported. Therefore, actions like implementing strengthening techniques with the new materials become essential to combat this problem. Due to their in-service and superior mechanical properties, carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites make an excellent candidate after upgrading. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the suitability of CFRP in strengthening of CFST members under flexure. Among eighteen beams, nine beams were strengthened by full wrapping (fibre bonded at the bottom throughout the entire length of beam) and the remaining nine beams were strengthened by partial wrapping (fibre bonded in-between loading points at the bottom). The effect of CFRP layers on the moment carrying capacity of CFST beams was investigated. Also a nonlinear finite element model was developed using the software ANSYS 12.0, to validate the analytical results such as load–deformation and the corresponding failure modes. The experimental results revealed that beams strengthened by partial wrapping failed by delamination of fibre, even before attaining the ultimate load of control beam but the beams strengthened by full wrapping exhibited more enhancements in moment carrying capacity and stiffness. From the numerical simulation and experiments, it is suggested that if any appropriate anchorages are provided in partial wrapping scheme to avoid delamination of fibre, then it will be turned into a fine and economical method for strengthening of CFST members.     

高强玻璃纤维/碳纤维混杂复合材料加固混凝土梁的抗弯试验研究

以高强玻璃纤维 (SGF)布与碳纤维 (CF)布混杂加固混凝土梁 ,进行对比试验研究 ,结果表明 ,与单一CF布加固相比 ,SGF/CF布混杂加固不仅使梁的延性显著提高 ,加固成本大幅降低 ,而且承载力也略有提高 ,仅刚度略为降低。简要讨论了耐久性问题     

Effect of bond enhancement using carbon nanotubes on flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded CFRP sheets

This paper studied the effect of incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) on strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The RC beams were prepared, strengthened in flexure by externally bonded CFRP or CNTs-modified CFRP sheets, and tested under four-point loading. The experimental results showed the ability of the CNTs to delay the initiation of the cracks and to enhance the flexural capacity of the beams strengthened with CFRP. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model was built, validated, and used to study the effect of various parameters on the strengthening efficiency of CNTs-modified CFRP. The studied parameters included concrete strength, flexural reinforcement ratio, and CFRP sheet configuration. The numerical results showed that utilization of CNTs in CFRP production improved the flexural capacity of the strengthened beams for U-shape and underside-strip configurations. The enhancement was more pronounced in the case of U-shape than in the case of use of sheet strip covers on the underside of the beam. In case of using underside-strip, the longer or the wider the sheet, the higher was the flexural capacity of the beams. The flexural enhancement of RC beams by strengthening with CNTs-modified CFRP decreased with increasing the rebar diameter and was not affected by concrete strength.     

火灾后用碳纤维增强聚合板对钢筋混凝土梁的加固-试验和分析

经历火灾后，钢筋混凝土梁的承重能力和硬度都会降低，使用碳纤维增强聚合物板（CFRP）对其进行加固是一种新的加固方法。研究比较了6根钢筋混凝土梁在火灾前后的最终强度、变形、开裂和延展性。试验结果显示，材料性能的降低对火灾后梁的承载力影响巨大。探讨了如何提高钢筋混凝土梁的延展性和承载力。在采取了适当耐火保护方法后，加固结构具有了较强的抗火能力。在试验结果基础上，提出了用CFRP板对火灾后钢筋混凝土梁进行加固的方法。这种加固方法与试验结果相当吻合并具有很高的安全性。     

Finite element modelling of concrete cover separation failure in FRP plated RC beams

The technique of bonding fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to the tension face or sides of reinforced concrete (RC) beams has become very popular for strengthening or retrofitting purposes. A distinct characteristic of such strengthened RC beams is that they very often fail due to various premature debonding failures. This paper presents a fracture mechanics based finite element analysis of debonding failures. Numerical results for an experimental beam are presented. Initial findings show that the method can successfully simulate the concrete cover separation failure mode in FRP strengthened RC beams.     

An experimental and numerical study of the effect of thickness and length of CFRP on performance of repaired reinforced concrete beams

Experimental and numerical analyses are performed to predict the loading carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites. The effect of CFRP thickness and length on the failure load and ductility is studied and curves of initial cracking load, ultimate load, stiffness, ductility and fibre stresses are presented. The results of tests and simulations show a good agreement and indicate that, in contrast with a control beam, initial cracking loads of strengthened beams increase slightly, whilst stiffness and ductility increase more and the ultimate loads increase considerably. Stresses in the carbon fibre decrease with the increase of fibre sheet thickness. Cracking patterns of strengthened beams are improved. Crack propagation varies with the change of fibre length and results in the variation of failure mode of beams. Variation of the length of CFRP sheet is the main reason of variation of the stress of interface. Therefore, debonding failure, unless adequately considered in the design process, may significantly decrease the effectiveness of the strengthening.     

碳纤维加固锈蚀混凝土梁短期疲劳性能研究

在不同荷载条件下,对8根钢筋混凝土梁进行试验,研究短期疲劳荷载作用下的变形、应力分布以及短期疲劳荷载作用后的力学指标。试验结果和分析表明:疲劳荷载对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的影响较大,明显降低试验梁的极限强度和延性;碳纤维加固后的锈蚀混凝土梁的极限承载力明显提高,且在破坏时具有良好的延性,承载力极限值可以提高22%～47%。碳纤维"U"形箍对试验梁的性能影响较大,没有粘贴"U"形箍的碳纤维加固试验梁在后期加载过程中,由于混凝土保护层的突然脱落而发生破坏。采用碳纤维材料加固后的较低锈蚀率的钢筋混凝土梁在经过短期疲劳荷载后依然能够具有良好的力学性能。     

Strengthening of prestressed concrete girders with composites: Installation,design and inspection

The application of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel reinforced polymer (SRP) materials to the tension side of a reinforced/prestressed concrete member has been accepted as a strengthening technique to increase the load carrying capacity and in some cases can enhance member serviceability. Proper installation and regular inspection of a composite (FRP or SRP) strengthening system is important since quality of the bond is essential to internally transfer forces. This paper describes an experimental programme conducted to study the behaviour of six prestressed concrete bridge girders, which were tested under static and fatigue loading conditions. The test results were combined with the results of 16 other girders tested by the authors to develop structural design guidelines and guidelines on the installation and inspection of composite strengthening systems. The behaviour was also examined using value engineering to evaluate the cost-effectiveness by investigating the overall system performance. Research findings indicate that SRP materials are more structurally efficient than carbon FRP (CFRP) materials. The results of an inspection demonstration programme, including the pull-off testing of over 150 CFRP samples, has shown that the most effective inspection techniques are visual inspection, pull-off testing, and acoustic sounding.     

Flexure strengthening of lightweight reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre-reinforced polymers

A series of 40 lightweight reinforced concrete (LWRC) beams of 1400 mm length and a rectangular cross section of 150 × 200 mm were cast, strengthened and then tested under four-point bending test to study the effectiveness of using externally applied carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites as a method of increasing the flexural strength of under-reinforced LWRC beams. Parameters investigated include reinforcement ratio, ρ; ρ = 0.55ρ_b and ρ = 0.27ρ_b, CFRP sheet length; 600, 800 and 1000 mm, CFRP sheet width; beam width and half-beam width. Three types of strengthening schemes were used: jacketing covers the beam from bottom and two sides with total width of 500 mm, sheets at the tension side with width equal to beam width and sheets with width equal to half-beam width. Test results showed a limited increase in ultimate load-carrying capacity accompanied with some reduction in mid-span deflection for the strengthened beams. Among the strengthening schemes investigated, jacketing was the most effective for strength enhancement (about 41%) with respect to control beam; however, it reduced ductility significantly. An analytical model was proposed for predicting the ultimate load-carrying capacity of LWRC beams strengthened with CFRP composites.     

翼缘板粘贴CFRP加固连续梁负弯矩的试验研究

通过6根连续梁研究了用CFRP加固T形截面翼缘板改善钢筋混凝土连续梁负弯矩的受弯性能。研究结果表明,T形截面翼缘板粘贴CFRP可以提高连续梁负弯矩的开裂荷载、极限荷载,当粘贴层数≥3时,连续梁由弯曲破坏转变为剪切破坏,在4倍翼板厚度范围内粘贴是有效可行的。粘贴CFRP层数相同时,翼板厚对结构的极限荷载无影响。     

Strengthening of RC T-section beams with low strength concrete using CFRP composites subjected to cyclic load

Various methods are developed for strengthening reinforced concrete beams against shear. Nowadays, external bonding of different composite members to RC beams was very popular and successful technique internationally. This study presents test results on strengthening of shear deficient RC beams by external bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) straps. Six RC beams with a T-section were tested under cyclic loading in the experimental program. Width of the CFRP straps, arrangements of straps along the shear span, and anchorage techniques that were applied at the ends of straps were the main parameters that were investigated during experimental study. Shear deficient beams with low strength concrete were strengthened by using CFRP straps for obtaining ductile flexural behavior. The test results confirmed that all CFRP arrangements improved the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens significantly. The failure mode and ductility of specimens were proved to differ according to the CFRP strap width and arrangement along the beam. Experimental results were compared with the analytical approaches that were suggested by ACI-440 Committee Report.     

CFRP加固钢筋再生混凝土梁的弯曲性能研究

为研究再生混凝土梁的弯曲性能,进行了钢筋再生混凝土梁及其经CFRP加固后的受弯性能试验研究,分析了再生粗骨料取代率和CFRP加固层数对再生混凝土梁受力性能的影响,比较了钢筋再生混凝土梁加固前后的挠度和裂缝扩展情况。试验结果表明：再生混凝土梁的变形能力和受弯承载力较普通混凝土梁没有明显降低,但其刚度和延性均有所降低,可通过CFRP加固提高其刚度和极限荷载,但不能改善其变形能力; CFRP加固层数对钢筋再生混凝土梁的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载影响较大,其中极限荷载受加固层数影响最大。通过理论计算和有限元分析,建立了钢筋再生混凝土梁及其经CFRP加固后的受弯承载力计算式,理论计算结果与钢筋再生混凝土梁的试验结果符合较好。研究成果可为再生混凝土梁的工程应用提供参考依据。     

碳纤维布加强钢筋混凝土梁试验研究

本文用碳纤维布加强钢筋混凝土梁,主要从理论与试验来研究其受力性能.通过试验,分析碳纤维布对钢筋混凝土梁承载能力的改善作用,及不同碳纤维布粘贴方式对梁承载能力的影响,最后提出了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力计算公式,并与试验结果作了比较.     

内嵌CFRP筋/片加固木梁受弯性能试验研究

为研究内嵌CFRP筋/片加固木梁的受弯性能,制作5根底面中心内嵌CFRP筋加固试件,3根侧面内嵌CFRP筋加固试件,6根底面中心内嵌CFRP片加固试件以及3根未加固的对比试件,对其进行三分点静载试验。试验参数包括：CFRP筋/片,内嵌位置（底面或侧面）,CFRP筋/片数量（1根或2根）、是否采用附加锚固措施（U形铁钉或CFRP布U形箍）、底面是否粘贴CFRP布等。研究表明,内嵌CFRP筋/片加固试件的受弯承载力较未加固试件明显提高,提高幅度为14%~85%,平均提高39%;破坏位移亦平均提高32%。内嵌CFRP筋加固试件的初始弯曲刚度均大于对比试件,而内嵌CFRP片加固试件由于底面开槽面积较大其初始弯曲刚度未见提高。内嵌CFRP筋加固试件的跨中截面应变随荷载增加仍基本符合平截面假定,而内嵌CFRP片加固木梁的跨中截面应变变化与平截面假定存在一定差距。增加内嵌CFRP筋/片的数量及端部采用U形铁钉锚固措施对提高加固木梁承载力的作用不明显;而在加固木梁底面粘贴一层CFRP布可显著提高其加固效果。     

The effects of NSM CFRP reinforcements for improving the shear capacity of RC beams

One of the most efficient technique for improving the shear strength of deteriorated RC members is bonding external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. However, delimitation and debonding of the strengthening material frustrates to achieve the expected requirements. Near surface mounting (NSM) is a recent strengthening technique that was developed with the anticipation of obstructing the drawbacks of external CFRP usage. To demonstrate the efficiency, an experimental program was conducted to validate the effect of CFRP reinforcements on behavior and ultimate strength of shear deficient (without stirrups) reinforced concrete (RC) beams under cyclic loading. Accordingly seven of eight beams except the flexural reference were fabricated and strengthened with CFRP reinforcements with distinct CFRP reinforcement arrangements. Spacing of CFRP reinforcements, variation of CFRP reinforcement diameter and application of CFRP reinforcements were the selected variables of the experimental program. Tests results confirmed that all in all an increase in strength was seen in every specimen to which CFRP reinforcements applied with no occurrence of delamination, debonding or fracture of CFRP reinforcements. To verify the reliability, experimental results were compared with ACI-440 guideline and the proposals of De Lorenzis and Nanni.