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1.
Knowledge-related competitiveness and the roles of multinationals’ R&D in a peripheral European economy: Survey analysis of Greece 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Dimitris Manolopoulos Marina Papanastassiou Robert Pearce 《Management International Review》2007,47(5):661-682
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
• | The paper analyses survey evidence on foreign firms’ R&D in Greece, in the light of recently derived perceptions of decentralisation of knowledge-related activities in MNEs’ strategic programmes. |
• | We investigate various aspects of MNEs’ knowledge-related competitiveness in an intermediate-level economy. We examine the nature, extent and influences of R&D positioning. We also test empirically the relationship between subsidiaries’ strategic motivations and the different roles allocated to R&D departments. |
• | In the main, the results meet expectations for a middle-income peripheral European economy. Original development work is at significant levels. However, adaptation of existing technologies to local conditions is still the primary aim of R&D in MNE subsidiaries in Greece. There are clear signs of integration/interdependence of work in R&D labs with other parts of MNE networks. The survey evidence also confirms that subsidiaries’ roles are a decisive factor determining the type of overseas labs. |
2.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
• | Using a dataset of 139 R&D laboratories located in 21 countries, this study empirically tests whether a fit among R&D laboratory mission and national culture impacts R&D performance. |
• | Specifically, we assume that some cultures possess a natural advantage when it comes to capability augmenting tasks, while other cultures are better suited to host capability exploiting tasks. |
• | Where the mission of the laboratory is capability exploiting, our results support a positive effect of culture-mission alignment. However, no relationship between mission-culture alignment and performance can be found in case of capability augmenting laboratories. |
3.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
• | MNEs are moving away from a ‘centralised hub’ to a ‘multi-hub’ network of R&D units. Using evidence from European pharmaceutical MNEs, this study analyses the challenges associated with promoting and integrating knowledge flows in multi-hub R&D organisational structures. |
• | While these new structures provide greater potential for cross-fertilization of technologies and access to location-specific competences, firms also need to overcome greater levels of inter-unit geographical, organisational and technological distance. Firms also suffer from organisational inertia, which further hinders lateral communication and inter-unit knowledge transfer. |
• | There are important variations in the way in which integrated network structures have been implemented, but in general, these new structures have increased the need for coordination mechanisms, but ironically most companies have reduced or eliminated this ‘traditional’ headquarters function. |
• | While socialization mechanisms help to overcome some of these bottlenecks, there remain a number of obstacles in optimising knowledge flows in physically and technologically dispersed R&D facilities. |
4.
Lei Li 《Management International Review》2008,48(1):39-64
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
• | This paper addresses production function and technical efficiency in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It applies the stochastic frontier production function technique (SFPF) to investigating a sample of U.S. manufacturing MNEs and finds that an MNE normally encounters two phases of “liability of internationalization” in the course of international expansion. In addition, it shows that the firms with intensive investment in R&D and advertising development tend to alleviate or even avoid the “liability of internationalization” and enjoy a prolonged period of effective international expansion. |
• | The relationship between multinationality and meta production frontier (as well as technical efficiency) exhibits an upward horizontal S-curved relationship. |
• | R&D and advertising intensity (RDAI) positively affects the relationship between multinationality and meta production frontier (as well as technical efficiency). In the case of very high RDAI, the S-curve transforms itself into an upward monotonous curve. |
5.
An indicator of technical emergence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
6.
This paper proposes a novel methodological framework for effectively measuring the production frontier performance (PFP) of
macro-scale (regional or national) R&D activities themselves associated with two improved models: a non-radial data envelopment
analysis (DEA) model and a nonradial Malmquist index. In particular, the framework can provide multidimensional information
to benchmark various R&D efficiency indexes (i.e., technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency) as
well as the total factor R&D productivity change (determined by three components: “catch-up” of R&D efficiency, “frontier
shift” of R&D technology as well as “exploitation” of R&D scale economics effect) at a comparable production frontier. It
can be used to not only investigate the potential and sustainable capacity of innovation but also screen and finance R&D projects
at the regional or national level. We have applied the framework to a province-level panel dataset on R&D activities of 30
selected Chinese provinces. 相似文献
7.
Using a simplified Eliashberg formulation in which we keep only that part of the susceptibility which is separable and of
symmetry in the pairing channel and keep the isotropic part in the renormalization channel, we have calculated the ac conductivity in the superconducting state. At zero temperature, in the clean limit, we find a finite amount of absorption at any frequency, however small, although it is substantially reduced over its normal-state value. Besides this boson-assisted absorption, when impurities are added a new channel is opened up in which momentum is given up to the impurity system and absorption proceeds directly through the creation of a hole-particle pair. Born and unitary impurity scattering are considered.This research was supported in part by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIASR), by the Ontario Centre for Materials Research (OCMR), and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council o f Canada (NSERC). 相似文献
8.
9.
Leonard Staphorst Mike Holland Leon Pretorius Marthinus Willem Pretorius 《Engineering Management Journal; EMJ》2017,29(1):26-44
Strengthening intellectual property rights for publicly financed research and development (R&D) ensures that research organizations maximize the full national value of the intellectual property that they generate, but potential negative spillover effects on the perceived value of a research alliance might deter an existing alliance partner from continued collaboration or a potential alliance partner from future collaboration. This study, performed in 2010 within the context of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa, aimed to develop a structural equation modeling-based value-mediation governance decision-making model that will enable engineering managers at publicly financed R&D organizations to select optimal governance modes for the research alliances they are establishing to grow their organizations’ R&D capabilities. 相似文献
10.
This paper presents a methodology for measuring the improvements in efficiency and adjustments in the scale of R&D (Research
& Development) activities. For this purpose, this study decomposes academic productivity growth into components attributable
to (1) world academic frontier change, (2) R&D efficiency change, (3) human capital accumulation, and (4) capital accumulation.
The world academic frontier at each point in time is constructed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). This study calculates
each of the above four components of academic productivity for 27 countries over 1990–2003, and finds that the components
which contribute to academic productivity growth vary with the different countries’ characteristics and development stages.
Human capital has more weight in terms of the quantity of academic research, and capital accumulation plays a more important
role in the citation impact of academic research. 相似文献
11.
• |
This paper investigated the influence of country-level factors that have led to shifts in the patterns of international R&D
investments made by Multinational Corporations (MNCs), from an exclusive focus on developed countries to a broader scope that
also includes developing countries. 相似文献
12.
With the growing recognition of the importance of knowledge creation, knowledge maps are being regarded as a critical tool for successful knowledge management. However, the various methods of developing knowledge maps mostly depend on unsystematic processes and the judgment of domain experts with a wide range of untapped information. Thus, this research aims to propose a new approach to generate knowledge maps by mining document databases that have hardly been examined, thereby enabling an automatic development process and the extraction of significant implications from the maps. To this end, the accepted research proposal database of the Korea Research Foundation (KRF), which includes a huge knowledge repository of research, is investigated for inducing a keyword-based knowledge map. During the developmental process, text mining plays an important role in extracting meaningful information from documents, and network analysis is applied to visualize the relations between research categories and measure the value of network indices. Five types of knowledge maps (core R&D map, R&D trend map, R&D concentration map, R&D relation map, and R&D cluster map) are developed to explore the main research themes, monitor research trends, discover relations between R&D areas, regions, and universities, and derive clusters of research categories. The results can be used to establish a policy to support promising R&D areas and devise a long-term research plan. 相似文献
13.
D. N. Basov A. V. Puchkov R. A. Hughes T. Strach T. Timusk D. A. Bonn R. Liang W. N. Hardy 《Journal of Superconductivity》1994,7(2):497-499
We studied the changes in the dc resistivity, Raman scattering, and IR conductivity of single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.95 induced by damage from low-energy He+ ion bombardment. It appears thatT
c
, transport properties, and optical conductivity are strongly affected by modest irradiation doses whereas the chemical composition of the sample is not modified. Carrier localization is evidenced by the frequency dependence of the optical conductivity in the strongly damaged crystal and is used to explain the suppression of both the superfluid density andT
c
upon irradiation. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density is in agreement with the theoretical predictions for ad-wave superconductor. We also show that the intrinsic residual losses in the FIR are dramatically reduced in the disordered crystal.On leave from P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. One of us (A.P.) is grateful to the Ontario Center for Materials Research for financial support. 相似文献
14.
The challenges to conducting valid and complete outcome evaluations of cooperative research activities, like the National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC) Program, are daunting. The current study tries to make a small but important contribution to this area by attempting to develop quantitative estimates of one center benefit - R&D cost avoidance. Cost avoidance is operationalized as R&D costs industrial members would have incurred but did not, because they participated in university-based industrial consortia, minus the costs of belonging to the consortia. Data were collected from a total of 18 industrial sponsors from three IUCRCs on 35 different research projects. Findings indicate that some firms do avoid R&D costs by participating in an IUCRC but the prevalence of this benefit varies across centers and across firms. The implications of these findings for policy, practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Dr. Lorena M. D’Agostino Prof. Grazia D. Santangelo 《Management International Review》2012,52(2):251-273
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