激光烧结成形结合熔渗制备钨铜射孔弹药型罩

选用形貌规则、多面体的还原钨粉与电解铜粉为原料,通过激光烧结制备钨铜药型罩骨架,在1 150℃、氢气保护下渗铜,获得钨铜射孔弹药型罩。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段进行分析表征,研究激光功率与扫描速率的影响,通过打靶实验考察药型罩的穿深性能,并与普通模压法制备的钨铜射孔弹药型罩进行对比。结果表明,通过激光烧结可获得密度分布均匀的钨铜药型罩骨架,高温渗铜后得到接近全致密且密度分布均匀的钨铜药型罩;用此药型罩制备的89型射孔弹表现出优异的穿深性能,其平均穿深可以达到964 mm,较普通模压药型罩制备的射孔弹穿深性能提高52%。     

粉末粒度对于高温钨渗铜材料骨架性能的影响

高温钨渗铜材料是由高温烧结钨骨架经熔渗金属铜而制成的互不固溶型复合材料 ,钨骨架的连续程度、钨颗粒的连接状态以及孔隙形态和大小等因素将直接影响材料的使用性能。本文从钨粉粒度的角度出发 ,研究其对于钨渗铜材料骨架性能的影响 ,实验表明 ,在相同的烧结制度 (2 2 30℃× 5h)下 ,细颗粒钨粉所得到的骨架密度比中颗粒钨粉所得到的要高 ,但其内部形成大量封闭孔隙 ,使得其连通性能不及中颗粒钨粉所得骨架 ,不利于金属铜的熔渗 ;对于相近骨架密度 (86± 0 5 % )的两种试样 ,从渗铜结果来看 ,二者的骨架连通性能相当。从SEM照片来看 ,细颗粒钨骨架的晶粒尺寸明显比同骨架密度中颗粒钨骨架的晶粒尺寸小 ,高温拉伸结果显示细颗粒钨渗铜材料比相应中颗粒钨渗铜材料的强度要高的多 ,这一点说明了钨骨架的晶粒细化对钨渗铜材料有明显的强化作用。     

W-15Cu合金制备中钨骨架孔隙控制的研究

钨铜复合材料是由高温烧结钨骨架经渗铜制成的两相假合金,钨骨架中的孔隙形态和大小将直接影响材料的性能.本文分别以添加硬脂酸和诱导铜的方法对钨粉进行处理,W-15Cu骨架孔隙在压制成形过程中得到了精确控制,钨骨架经熔渗后制成W-15Cu合金.用扫描电镜观察材料的显微结构,并测出材料的密度、气密性,研究了钨粉成形性与钨铜合金密度的关系.结果表明,添加硬脂酸和诱导铜不会带入杂质,能改善钨粉的成形性能,可以获得组织均匀、致密度高的W-15Cu复合材料.     

熔渗法制备低铜W-Cu合金

采用熔渗法制备低渗铜量W-Cu合金,研究烧结后骨架的粒度组成及致密化程度、渗铜量的控制,以及合金组织结构对力学性能的影响.结果表明:采用"双重晶粒结构"湿磨工艺、添加诱导金属和机械合金化可有效提高钨骨架烧结特性和致密度;采用真空烧结技术可以精确控制渗铜量;调整Cu的质量分数或W粉晶粒尺寸可以提高合金的力学性能.     

超细晶W-Cu复合材料的热挤压与热处理

以水热共还原法制备纳米W-30%Cu复合粉末,通过真空烧结和包套热挤压制备超细晶W-Cu复合材料,并进行后续热处理。采用X射线衍射、高分辨率透射电镜、扫描电镜等观察和分析W-30%Cu复合粉体和合金的成分及组织形貌,研究热挤压及后续退火处理对材料致密度、电导率和硬度等性能的影响。结果表明:水热产物为纳米级(10~15 nm)规则的类球形结构,经煅烧及共还原后得到的W-30%Cu复合粉末粒度细小,呈特殊的W包覆Cu结构,颗粒分布均匀;复合粉末在1050℃真空烧结后相对密度只有91.5%,经热挤压后致密度提高到97.07%,布氏硬度达到223,组织细密,W相和Cu相分布均匀,钨颗粒细小(1~3μm),形成典型的钨骨架和铜网络结构。经过后续的退火处理,钨铜分布更均匀,钨粒径进一步减小,材料的致密度和电导率都更高,分别为98.82%和43.31%IACS,形成良好的综合性能指标匹配。     

真空热压烧结制备Mo-Na合金靶材的研究

本文采用真空热压烧结技术制备Mo-Na合金靶材,研究了烧结温度对Mo-Na合金的微观组织、密度、硬度及Na含量的影响。结果表明,在1 200℃、1 500℃及1 600℃烧结温度下制备的Mo-Na合金都具有晶粒细小、分布均匀的组织。Mo-Na合金的密度、硬度均随着烧结温度的升高而提高,1 600℃下烧结的Mo-Na合金具有最高的密度和硬度,分别为9.8 g/cm3和HRA 53.2。但是烧结温度的升高却加重了合金中Na元素的损失,在1 600℃下合金中Na含量仅为0.4%(质量分数)。     

钨粉粒度对电极用钨铜合金组织和性能的影响

钨粉粒度是影响钨铜合金组织和性能的主要因素之一,采用不同粒度(2.65 μm、4 μm、8 μm)的钨粉用熔渗法制备钨铜合金,通过性能检测和组织分析研究了钨粉粒度对该合金密度、硬度和电导率的影响.实验结果表明:钨粉粒度越细,钨铜合金的密度和硬度越大;但是由细钨粉制备的W-Cu合金闭孔较多,均匀性较差,电导率较小.钨粉粒度为4μm时所得产品综合性能最好,W-30Cu合金密度为14.44 g/cm3、硬度为HB 212、电导率为24.2 MS/m.W-20Cu合金密度为15.38 g/cm3,硬度为HB225,电导率为22.6 MS/m.     

流延成形-熔渗烧结制备WCu20合金薄板

采用热化学镀技术制备的铜含量为11%(质量分数)、平均粒度为5~10μm的铜包钨复合粉末为原料,经过胶体的流延成形、500℃脱胶、1 200℃预烧、600 MPa预压和1 300℃熔渗烧结,制备出厚度为0.2 mm、相对密度达98.8%的WCu20合金薄板;其组织呈现Cu相均匀填充在W颗粒周围的网络状分布,电导率达到36%IACS、热导率达到210 W/(m·K)、硬度达到280 HV,均高于相应的国家标准。WCu20合金板材的断裂方式由铜相的韧性断裂和钨相的穿晶断裂组成,包覆铜有利于合金韧性的提高。     

大直径钨镧合金锻造棒材性能研究

采用纳米掺杂方法制备了大直径钨镧合金棒坯,通过与纯钨对比,研究了不同氧化镧质量分数的钨镧合金棒坯烧结性能以及含质量分数1.0%纳米氧化镧粉掺杂的钨镧合金锻造棒材的室温性能和高温再结晶性能。结果表明:采用质量分数1.0%、1.5%和2.0%三种含量的纳米氧化镧粉掺杂烧结后,合金掺杂分布和晶粒组织均匀,随着氧化镧含量的增高,棒坯密度逐渐降低、晶粒数逐渐越多;1.0%氧化镧粉掺杂钨镧合金棒坯经过78.7%锻造变形量后,较纯钨棒材硬度值更高,金相组织更细、更均匀,车加工后车削较长,表面光洁度较高,再结晶温度比纯钨高约150℃。     

冷等静压法制备Mo-30Cu合金的组织与轧制性能

采用冷等静压法(cool isostatic pressing,CIP)制得大尺寸钼骨架,对骨架进行渗铜制备Mo-30Cu合金,并在350℃进行温轧,研究CIP压力及熔渗温度和熔渗时间对合金致密度的影响以及合金的轧制性能。结果表明:采用冷等静压法在120~180 MPa压力下可制备孔隙分布均匀,无分层等缺陷的钼骨架,熔渗后坯料的线收缩率随CIP压力增加而逐渐降低,最佳CIP压力为160 MPa;在一定范围内升高熔渗温度与延长保温时间均有助于提高合金致密度;冷等静压–溶渗法制备的高致密Mo-30Cu合金具有较好的温轧性能,有效提高了大尺寸试样的加工性能。CIP压力为160 MPa压制的骨架在1 350℃渗铜6 h后相对密度达到99%以上,合金的温轧变形量可达到65%。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.