含少量高分子量组分的HDPE共混物在复合应力场中成型管材的性能研究

将少量相对高分子量的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)加入到相对低分子量的通用级HDPE中,在复合应力场作用下挤出制成管材。通过力学性能测试、SEM、WAXD及DSC分析对制品的性能及结构进行了表征,结果表明:在剪切或拉伸应力场中,高分子量HDPE的大分子链会成为初级晶核,促进诱导体系生成大量倾斜排列的串晶和串晶互锁结构,明显改善了管材试样周轴两向的力学性能。     

复合应力场下挤出HDPE管材自增强的研究

用自行研制的能产生剪切和拉伸复合应力场的特殊挤出成型装置挤出HDPE管材,对管材周向、轴向力学性能进行了初步的研究。在通用级聚乙烯(DGDA6098)中添加高分子量HDPE后,发现该HDPE能够诱导DGDA6098沿应力场方向产生大分子取向和结晶,从而实现了复合应力场下管材力学性能的双向自增强。     

SGF/HDPE体系双向增强管材结构与性能研究

利用自行研制的剪切拉伸双向应力场挤管机头装置挤出短玻纤增强高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）管材，研究了在不同剪切应力场段温度下，周向剪切应力场的剪切套转速对管材周向和轴向强度的影响，确定出最佳工艺条件，并通过DSC测试和SEM测试对管材力学性能提高的原因进行了探讨。     

复合应力场下挤出HDPE增强管材性能的研究

用自行研制的能产生先剪切后拉伸的复合应力场挤出成型装置，挤出高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）管材，对管材周向、轴向力学性能进行了初步的研究。与一般牌号为DGDA6098的HDPE比，在HDPE中添加高相对分子质量高密度聚乙烯（HMWHDPE）后，发现HMWHDPE能够诱导HDPE沿应力场方向产生大分子取向和结晶。利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）检测手段对试样的凝聚态结构进行分析，证实了复合应力场下制备的自增强管材双向力学性能都提高了。     

复合应力场双向自增强聚乙烯管材的性能与形态结构

采用自制的剪切拉伸双向复合应力场挤管装置,在常规工艺条件下生产了3种双向自增强的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管材.当剪切套转速控制为20 r/min时,牌号为2480、HD4801EX和5421B的HDPE挤出的管材周向拉伸强度与常规挤出管材相比,依次增加24.8%、41.7%和21.5%,而轴向拉伸强度的增加幅度依次为12.7%、16.8%和10.4%.通过SEM、WAXD和DSC测试手段对HDPE(2480)试样进行微观结构分析,发现其经过复合应力场后管材内部的微观结构仍是球晶,但晶体尺寸有所减小,熔融峰升高,结晶度增大.同时,管材周、轴两向的衍射强度都增强,分子链取向有所增强.     

复合应力场中HDPE诱导系的配比对管材结构与性能的影响

将质量分数分别为2%、6%和10%的相对高分子量高密度聚乙烯(HMWPE)加入相对低分子量高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中组成诱导体系,并通过双向复合应力场挤管装置制得了双向自增强HDPE管材。结果表明,HM-WPE质量分数为6%的诱导体系所成型的双向自增强管材的力学性能最好、分子取向度最大、结晶度最高,晶片厚度较大。     

双向应力场对HDPE1158管材力学性能的影响

利用自行设计制造的剪切拉伸双向复合应力场挤管装置制备了高密度聚乙烯管材;研究了剪切拉伸双向复合应力场对管材力学性能的影响,并对管材的微观结构进行了观察分析.结果表明:剪切拉伸双向复合应力场能同时改善管材轴向和周向的力学性能,其轴向拉伸强度最大提高36.6%,轴向拉伸模量最大提高47.4%;周向拉伸强度最大提高54.6%,周向拉伸模量最大提高140.7%;且周向性能的增强效果更明显.扫描电子显微镜照片显示,自增强管材内部由高度取向的微纤结构及二次取向结晶且串品互锁结构组成.     

管材专用料HDPE4803T加工性能的研究

在对管材专用料高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)4803T的性能测试和结构表征的基础上,研究了管材加工温度和挤出速度对加工参数的影响情况,并对管材的性能进行了测试.结果表明,HDPE4803T属典型的双峰分布聚乙烯树脂,其性能满足PE80级管材料的指标要求.材料的熔体强度对加工温度变化的敏感性较弱.挤出温度和挤出速度对管材的性能影响很小,采用该管材专用料,可以在较宽的挤出温度和挤出速度范围内制备出性能优良的管材.     

高等级HDPE管材树脂毛细管流变性能研究

采用单管毛细管流变仪,在不同温度下对高等级高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管材树脂的熔体流动行为进行了研究,考察了剪切应力(τ<,w>)、剪切速率(γ)、挤出胀大及温度之间的关系.结果表明,高等级HDPE管材树脂熔体的剪切流动基本上服从幂律定律;熔体的表观黏度(η<,a>)对温度的依赖性大致上符合Arrhenius方程;η<,a>随τ<,w>和γ的增加而非线性减小;挤出胀大比随温度的升高而下降,随γ的增加呈非线性增大.     

复合应力场对PE-HD/PP/SGF取向结晶的影响

利用自行设计制造的剪切拉伸双向复合应力场挤管装置制备了双向增强的高密度聚乙烯/聚丙烯/短玻璃纤维( PE-HD/PP/SGF)管材.采用大角X射线衍射法和差示扫描量热法研究了该双向应力场对复合体系分子取向行为和结晶行为的影响.结果表明,剪切拉伸双向复合应力场能改善体系分子的取向并促进体系结晶.管材周向晶面的衍射强度提高...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。