醇醚羧酸盐表面活性剂性能研究

醇醚羧酸盐是一类新型的阴离子表面活性剂,它具备了许多传统的阴离子和非离子表面活性剂所不具备的优良特性。作为可降解性的绿色阴离子表面活性剂产品,醇醚羧酸盐广泛用于日用化工、食品、农药、纺织、金属加工等领域,是今后表面活性剂工业重点发展的产品之一。     

木质素醇醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

以木质素醇醚、氢氧化钠与3-氯丙酸反应制备木质素醇醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂,用正交试验确定合成木质素醇醚羧酸盐的最佳反应条件, n (NaOH)∶ n (木质素醇醚)=2.5, n(3-氯丙酸)∶n (木质素醇醚)=1.2,反应温度80 ℃,反应时间4 h,木质素醇醚转化率可达到94.8%.对不同聚合度的木质素醇醚羧酸盐进行性能测定, w =2.5%时表面张力可达到的41.2 mN/m,钙皂分散指数4.8%～8.4%;对松节油的乳化力为31 s,泡沫高度为30～50 mm.     

醇醚羧酸盐产品合成方法及应用研究进展

检索了国内外有关醇醚羧酸盐公开发明专利以及文献,从醇醚羧酸盐的制备方法、工艺条件、催化剂选择及回用对醇醚羧酸盐产品及应用的相关研究进展进行了综述,为醇醚羧酸盐的研究提供参考。     

减压法合成醇醚和酚醚羧酸盐

醇醚和酚醚羧酸盐是一种性能温和、无毒、生物降解性表面活性剂。报道了以醇醚 (酚醚 )、一氯乙酸和氢氧化钠为原料通过减压除水法合成醇醚 (酚醚 )羧酸盐的方法和限制一氯乙酸钠的情况下合成反应的最佳条件。     

醇醚羧酸盐（AEC）用途广泛

烷基醚羧酸盐是国外80年代热点研究开发的性能优良的阴离子表面活性剂。国外表面活性剂主要生产商,如shell Oil、Hules、BASF、P&;amp;G,以及花王等公司,都积极参与这类产品的生产和应用开发。烷基醚羧酸盐包括醇醚羧酸盐(AEC)、烷基酚醚羧酸盐(APEC)和酰胺醚羧酸盐(AMEC),它们的生产方法类似,     

系列窄分布醇醚羧酸盐氧化法制备及性能研究

以系列窄分布醇醚(AEO_3/AEO_5/AEO_7/AEO_9)、氧气和氢氧化钠为原料氧化法合成窄分布醇醚羧酸盐(AEC_3/AEC_5/AEC_7/AEC_9),并优化窄分布AEC_7(7EO醇醚羧酸盐)合成工艺条件,同时考察了系列窄分布醇醚羧酸盐在不同pH值下的表面张力、泡沫性能和润湿性能。结果表明,钯碳负载催化剂用量为醇醚质量的0.4%(以氯化钯计),AEC_7合成优化条件为:反应温度75℃,氧压0.03 MPa,反应转速700 r/min,原料窄分布AEO_7与氢氧化钠摩尔比1∶1.02,产率达到93.8%;体系酸碱度对窄分布醇醚羧酸盐性能影响明显,在中性条件下,与AEC_3/AEC_5/AEC_9相比,AEC_7表面张力最大为41.66 mN/m;酸性条件下,AEC_3(3EO醇醚羧酸盐)发泡性最弱,碱性条件下,AEC_3发泡性最强;在中性和碱性条件下,窄分布AEC_3和AEC_5/AEC_7/AEC_9相比,在润湿和表面张力方面具有明显优势。     

驱油用醇醚羧酸盐的合成与表征

以聚氧乙烯烷基醇醚为原料，利用羧甲基化法合成了驱油用醇醚羧酸盐。用两相滴定的方法测定其产率，并通过核磁共振、红外光谱等方法对原料及产物进行表征。优选出的最佳合成条件为：以乙醇为溶剂，氯乙酸钠和氢氧化钠分别分2次加入，取代时间为4h,取代温度为60℃,聚氧乙烯烷基醇醚、氯乙酸钠和氢氧化钠物质的量比为1∶2∶4。     

烷基糖苷与醇醚羧酸盐复配性能及其在洗衣液中的应用

以一步法月桂基葡糖苷与氧化法醇醚羧酸进行复配,考察了不同配比溶液的低温稳定性,测试表面张力、泡沫量和润湿时间等数据,并优选了洗衣液配方。结果表明,添加醇醚羧酸盐对烷基糖苷溶液的低温稳定性有极大改善。烷基糖苷与醇醚羧酸盐复配具有协同增效作用,表面张力、发泡稳泡性能和润湿性能都优于单一组分使用性能。烷基糖苷与醇醚羧酸盐复配适合应用于个人洗护、家居清洁和工业配方,尤其适用于有透明、丰富泡沫需求的配方产品。     

醇醚羧酸盐的合成

醇醚羧酸盐是一种应用前景很广阔的阴离子型表面活性剂。本文主要介绍了醇醚羧酸盐的羧甲基化法的制备，一种是强碱法，一种是阻尼碱法。得到了一定量的产品，应用效果较好，产品的收率也比较高，阻尼碱法收率更高。     

脂肪醇醚羧酸盐(AE_9C-Na)的应用性能研究

醇醚羧酸盐是一类新型的阴离子表面活性剂,它具备了许多传统的阴离子和非离子表面活性剂所不具备的优良特性。文章中考察了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚乙酸钠(AE9C-Na)的泡沫性能、去污力、温和性和安全性、生物降解性、复配性能等,结果表明,AE9C-Na起泡性好、泡沫稳定、去污力强,刺激性小易生物降解、有良好的配伍性可广泛用于日用化工领域,作为可降解性的绿色阴离子表面活性剂产品,AE9C-Na市场前景广阔。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.