紫外光引发丙烯酸酯类单体的聚合反应

采用紫外光(UV)引发聚合的方法,用UV LED光源激发光引发剂光解产生自由基再引发多种丙烯酸酯类单体聚合,考察了多种丙烯酸酯类单体的聚合速率以及光引发剂用量对聚合反应速率、聚合物相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布的影响,并使用红外光谱对光聚合产物进行了表征。结果表明,不同单体聚合速率排序为丙烯酸酯类>醋酸乙烯酯>甲基丙烯酸酯类>苯乙烯。对于易发生光聚合反应的丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)等丙烯酸酯类单体,光引发剂质量分数在0.5%~1%适宜,而对于难发生光聚合反应的甲基丙烯酸丁酯(MBA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)等甲基丙烯酸酯类单体,在1%~2%适宜。聚合物的相对分子质量随引发剂用量的增加逐渐减小,相对分子质量分布随着引发剂用量的增加先减小后增大。     

新型室温酯化法制备纳米SiO2引发剂和原位引发聚合

提出了一种在室温、潮湿和大气环境等温和条件下,通过酯化反应在纳米SiO2微球表面接枝偶氮分子,合成纳米SiO2引发剂的新方法.使用这种纳米SiO2引发剂原位引发单体苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行自由基聚合,在SiO2表面接枝聚苯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯.结果表明:用合成的纳米SiO2引发剂原位引发单体聚合后,在纳米SiO2表...     

以黄原酸钾为链转移剂的甲基丙烯酸甲酯可逆加成断裂链转移聚合

以黄原酸钾为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为反应溶剂,进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合。研究了聚合温度、反应时间及引发剂用量对单体转化率和所得聚合物相对分子质量及其分布的影响。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,单体转化率和相对分子质量都不断增大;随着反应时间的延长,单体转化率、相对分子质量持续增加;随着引发剂用量增加,相对分子质量持续下降。得到的聚合物相对分子质量分布在一个可控的范围(1.5左右,最低为1.27)。     

一种可聚合光引发剂的合成及性能

以2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和丙烯酸羟乙酯合成了一种可聚合紫外光引发剂。用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对合成产物进行了分析和表征。通过综合热分析仪(Photo-DSC)研究了合成产物和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮在光固化体系中的引发效率及其固化后的相对迁移率。结果表明,合成的产物为目标可聚合紫外光引发剂,将其添加在紫外光固化体系中,随着添加量从3%增加到15%,引发效率逐渐增强。按照相同自由基浓度条件计算,12%合成产物的引发效率接近于5%1173,但是其固化过程中的迁移率却不到1173的10%。     

侧链悬挂辣素衍生结构丙烯酸树脂的合成及抗菌性能研究

以实验室自主合成的辣素类化合物——N-(4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基)丙烯酰胺(HMMBA)为功能单体,通过与丙烯酸酯类单体的自由基聚合反应,合成出侧链悬挂辣素衍生结构的丙烯酸树脂,采用红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。考察了引发剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间对树脂合成的影响,并确定了树脂的最佳合成条件为,引发剂用量为单体质量的1.5%,聚合温度为100℃,聚合时间为8h。以自然界常见细菌大肠杆菌作为受试菌对所合成的树脂进行了抗菌性能测试,实验结果表明,随着HMMBA含量的增加,树脂的抗菌率也相应增大。     

含有偶氮键和芳香胺基双官能团引发剂的合成及表征

4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酸]和对二乙氨基苯胺反应合成了4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二乙氨基)苯胺](ACPEA)双官能团偶氮引发剂,利用红外光谱、元素分析和核磁共振对其结构进行了表征,并研究了其在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合行为,考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度和引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,ACPEA能引发单体聚合得到聚合物,聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增加,随ACPEA浓度的增大和反应温度的升高而降低。     

MMA／St无皂阳离子乳液共聚合动力学

运用溶剂热法,以丙酮-水为分散介质,利用阳离子型引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)引发苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚,制备无皂MMA/St共聚阳离子纳米胶乳粒子。探讨了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、温度对共聚合初始速率的影响。结果表明,随着[MMA]和温度的增加,聚合速率增大;随着[AIBA]的增加,聚合速率先增大后减小;得到单体浓度([MMA])和引发剂浓度([AIBA])影响反应速率的动力学方程为:RP=kP.[MMA]0.68[AIBA]0.77,测得共聚合表观活化能Ea=40.7 kJ/mol。     

葡萄糖还原FeBr_3催化下的甲基丙烯酸甲酯原子转移自由基聚合

以葡萄糖为还原剂,FeBr3为氧化剂,通过氧化还原反应,在反应体系中原位生成FeBr2催化剂,以2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)为配位剂,1-溴乙基苯为引发剂,在110℃进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯原子转移自由基聚合。结果表明,聚合反应符合对单体浓度为一级的动力学关系,聚合物分子量随单体转化率呈线性增加,分子量分布较窄,M-w/-Mn在1.17～1.25之间,具有明显的活性聚合特征,并且在有氧的环境下同样能够进行活性聚合,该聚合方法明显优于常规的原子转移自由基聚合和反向原子转移自由基聚合。     

自由基聚合法制备聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯水凝胶

以过二硫酸胺(APS)/四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)氧化-还原体系为引发体系,通过活性自由基溶液聚合法制备了交联网状聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)共聚物水凝胶支架,探讨了APS/TMEDA的引发聚合机理。研究结果表明,单体分子量越大,凝胶化时间越短,凝胶化时间随着PEGDA单体浓度的增大、温度的升高和加速剂用量的增大而减小。研究了不同单体浓度对水凝胶溶胀度及力学性能的影响,结果表明,单体溶液浓度越大,水凝胶的平衡溶胀率越小、压缩模量越强。     

两亲性共聚物P(MMA-co-AMPS)对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜性能的影响

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚合法制得了两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA);以两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,通过相转变法制备PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热失重法表征无规共聚物的组成和热稳定性能。并通过扫描电子显微镜,傅里叶变换红外光谱、吸水率测试、表面润湿性测试,探讨了不同单体摩尔比对PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,单体AMPS与MMA间发生自由基聚合生成两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)。PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜表面多孔,内部有大孔,存在相对致密皮层和多孔的支撑层。当2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为2∶1时,PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜吸水率和表面润湿性能最好。     

聚(苯胺-邻六氟羟基苯胺)共聚物的合成及其性能表征

采用过硫酸铵作为引发剂,通过化学氧化聚合法制备了一系列可溶性的聚(苯胺-邻六氟羟基苯胺)(PAH)的共聚物。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氟谱(19F-NMR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、紫外光谱(UV)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等对共聚物的化学结构和形貌等进行了表征和分析。结果表明,邻六氟羟基苯胺(HAFIP)成功导入了共聚物主链中,共聚物的数均分子量Mn介于6.51×10~4与9.04×10~4之间。HAFIP的存在抑制了共聚物的醌式结构n→π*跃迁,随着共聚物中邻六氟羟基苯胺(HAFIP)摩尔分数的增大,共聚物形貌逐渐由纳米纤维向纳米颗粒变换。与聚苯胺难于溶解于一般有机溶剂不同的是,当邻六氟羟基苯胺(HAFIP)的摩尔分数超过0.5时,共聚物可以完全溶解于四氢呋喃、乙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等有机溶剂中,表明HAFIP的导入,可以大幅改善聚苯胺的溶解性能,从而扩展聚苯胺的应用范围。     

可溶性聚对苯乙炔共聚物的合成及性质

采用脱氯化氢法,从１,４－双氯甲基－２,５－二甲基苯（ＢＣＭＤＭＢ）和１,４－双氯甲基－２－甲氧基－５－己氧基苯（ＢＭＭＯＨＯＢ）分别合成出了聚（２,５－二甲基）对苯乙炔和聚（２,５－乙氧基）对苯乙炔;并对ＢＣＭＤＭＢ和ＢＣＭＭＯＨＯＢ的共聚进行了研究。结果表明,随着单体摩尔比率Ｒ（Ｒ＝ＢＣＭＤＭＢ／ＢＭＣＭＯＨＯＢ）的减小,共聚物的溶解性能增大,当Ｒ＝２／９时,共聚物在室温下可溶于氯仿中,成膜性     

Kinetics of decolorization of an azo dye in UV alone and UV/H(2)O(2) processes

The decolorization of C.I. Acid Red 27 (AR27), a monoazo anionic dye, was studied in the ultraviolet radiation (UV) alone and UV plus hydrogen peroxide (UV/H(2)O(2)) processes. The experimental results indicated that the kinetics of both oxidation processes fit well by pseudo-first order kinetics. The reaction rate was sensitive to the operational parameters and increased with increasing H(2)O(2) concentration and light intensity. The reaction orders of H(2)O(2) concentration and light intensity in both processes were obtained with linear regression method. A regression model was developed for pseudo-first order rate constant (k(ap,UV/H(2)O(2))) as a function of the Cconcentration and UV light intensity. (k(ap,UV/H(2)O(2)))=(2 x 10(-4)I(0.75)(0) + k(3)I(1.38)(0)[H(2)O(2)](n)(0))phi(AR27). As a result of two opposing effects of H(2)O(2) concentration at low and high concentrations, n has a value of 0.49 and -0.39 and k(3) has a value of 3 x 10(-4) and 0.1 for the regions of 0 mg l(-1) < [H(2)O(2)](0) < 650 mg l(-1) and 650 mg l(-1) < [H(2)O(2)](0) < 1500 mg l(-1)1, respectively. PhiAR27 is the initial dye concentration correlation index for developing of model for different initial concentrations of AR27. This rate expression can be used for predicting k(ap,UV/H(2)O(2) at different conditions in UV alone and UV/H2O2 processes. The results show that UV alone cannot be an efficient method for decolorization of AR27 in comparison with UV/H(2)O(2) process, therefore the first term of the model can be neglected.     

Decomposition of two haloacetic acids in water using UV radiation, ozone and advanced oxidation processes

The decomposition of two haloacetic acids (HAAs), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), from water was studied by means of single oxidants: ozone, UV radiation; and by the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constituted by combinations of O(3)/UV radiation, H(2)O(2)/UV radiation, O(3)/H(2)O(2), O(3)/H(2)O(2)/UV radiation. The concentrations of HAAs were analyzed at specified time intervals to elucidate the decomposition of HAAs. Single O(3) or UV did not result in perceptible decomposition of HAAs within the applied reaction time. O(3)/UV showed to be more suitable for the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA in water among the six methods of oxidation. Decomposition of DCAA was easier than TCAA by AOPs. For O(3)/UV in the semi-continuous mode, the effective utilization rate of ozone for HAA decomposition decreased with ozone addition. The kinetics of HAAs decomposition by O(3)/UV and the influence of coexistent humic acids and HCO(3)(-) on the decomposition process were investigated. The decomposition of the HAAs by the O(3)/UV accorded with the pseudo-first-order mode under the constant initial dissolved O(3) concentration and fixed UV radiation. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the decomposition of DCAA was more than four times that for TCAA. Humic acids can cause the H(2)O(2) accumulation and the decrease in rate constants of HAAs decomposition in the O(3)/UV process. The rate constants for the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA decreased by 41.1% and 23.8%, respectively, when humic acids were added at a concentration of 1.2mgTOC/L. The rate constants decreased by 43.5% and 25.9%, respectively, at an HCO(3)(-) concentration of 1.0mmol/L.     

紫外光直接引发AM反相微乳液聚合及其机理

将直接光引发的低温、高纯度特性和微乳液聚合的低黏度、快速反应相结合,研究了丙烯酰胺、乳化剂、水和环己烷体系的微乳液聚合。在低温下(24℃-30℃)且不使用引发剂,采用紫外光直接引发了聚合反应并得到纳米微胶乳。通过研究反相微乳液聚合,得到光强IUV、单体浓度[M]、乳化剂浓度[E]、温度T对聚合反应的影响规律,聚合速率Rp随IUV、[M]和T的增大而变快,随[E]的增加变慢;产物特性粘数[η]随[M]的增加变大,随IUV、[E]和T的增大变小。并得到动力学方程式:Rp∝[IUV]0.4972[M]1.5048[E]-0.5731及表观活化能Ea=12.98kJ/mol。根据得到的动力学数据和实验结果探讨了聚合反应机理。     

硅-丙核/壳乳液的低温合成及稳定性

以2,2,-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二氢氯化物(VA-044)和过硫酸钾(KPS)、甲醛合次亚硫酸氢钠(SFS)为复合引发剂,采用烯丙基聚醚类反应性乳化剂,低温下合成了高硅含量的硅-丙乳液。系统探讨了乳化剂种类、VA-044用量、有机硅用量等因素对聚合体系稳定性的影响,并借助透射电镜(TEM)、粒度分布仪等分析了乳胶粒形貌、粒径分布。结果表明,使用反应性乳化剂,VA-044用量为1500 mg/kg,有机硅用量为10%时聚合体系的稳定性最佳;乳胶粒呈明显的核/壳结构,且粒径分布较窄。     

基于磁性1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚的金属离子去除剂的制备研究

利用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)与金属离子形成络合物,再采用共沉淀法,加入Fe³⁺和Fe²⁺,使其形成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄-PAN-Mⁿ⁺;以水合肼为还原剂,将金属离子还原制备Fe₃O₄-PAN-M^0,再采用磁铁将其从待测体系中进行富集和分离,简化了分离的过程。该产物有望进一步用于环境体系中的有机小分子监测。     

Photochemical degradation of diethyl phthalate with UV/H2O2

The decomposition of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in water using UV-H2O2 process was investigated in this paper. DEP cannot be effectively removed by UV radiation and H2O2 oxidation alone, while UV-H2O2 combination process proved to be effective and could degrade this compound completely. With initial concentration about 1.0mg/L, more than 98.6% of DEP can be removed at time of 60 min under intensity of UV radiation of 133.9 microW/cm2 and H2O2 dosage of 20mg/L. The effects of applied H2O2 dose, UV radiation intensity, water temperature and initial concentration of DEP on the degradation of DEP have been examined in this study. Degradation mechanisms of DEP with hydroxyl radicals oxidation also have been discussed. Removal rate of DEP was sensitive to the operational parameters. A simple kinetic model is proposed which confirms to pseudo-first order reaction. There is a linear relationship between rate constant k and UV intensity and H2O2 concentration.     

Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the presence of perovskites

The efficacy of the oxidation systems: O3, UV radiation, O3/UV radiation, O3/perovskite, UV radiation/perovskite, O3/UV radiation/perovskite, H2O2/UV radiation, H2O2/UV radiation/perovskite, has been investigated by using pyruvic acid as probe compound. Under the operating conditions used, the combination of UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide (with or without perovskites) leads to the fastest pyruvic acid removal while the best results in terms of mineralization degree are obtained when combining O3/UV radiation/perovskite. The effect of the variables: inlet ozone (15-75 mg L(-1)) and initial pyruvic acid (10(-3) to 10(-2)M) concentrations, catalyst load (0.01-1.5 g L(-1)) and pH (2-9) was investigated for the photocatalytic ozonation. The most influencing parameter was the ozone concentration fed to the photoreactor. A zero order was observed for pyruvic acid concentration and close to zero for catalyst load. Some deactivation is observed after reusing the catalyst, likely due to leaching of the active phase.     

Radiation-induced reduction of diuron by gamma-ray irradiation

Diuron degradation efficiencies and the proposed mechanism by gamma-ray irradiation were investigated. Several factors that might affect the degradation values were further examined. The UV absorbances at 200-400 nm and diuron concentration decreased with the increase of radiation dose. When diuron initial concentration was 18.5 mg L(-1) and 1.0 kGy was selected as the radiation dose, diuron removal value and loss of total organic carbon were 100 and 34.1%, respectively. However, the concentration of Cl- ion increased with the increase of radiation dose. The process could be depicted by first order reaction kinetics and the reaction was mainly caused by the reaction of diuron with .OH and eaq-. The degradation efficiency decreased with the increase of initial concentration at the same radiation dose. H2O2, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, CH3OH and humic acid as additives reduced the degradation efficiency. Furthermore, the increase of NO3-, NO2-, CH3OH and humic acid would result in the decrease of the degradation values. The pH value could affect the removal efficiency and the degradation process was enhanced in acid condition. The pH value became lower with increasing radiation dose after gamma-ray irradiation.