改革,实践,发展中的石油化工设备管理

改革开放以来,我国石油化工事业得到了蓬勃发展,特别是1983年经国务院批准的跨行业,跨地区的中国石油化工总公司成立后,我国石油化工进入了发展的最快时期——15年来,先后建成了大庆、齐鲁、扬子、上海、茂名等30万吨乙烯工程项目,扩建了上海、辽化等大型化纤基地,建成了镇海、乌鲁木齐、宁夏、九江、兰州等大型化肥工程,扩建和新建了一批炼油厂和深度加工装置,并对一批炼油,     

关注东欧机床工业现状,抓住融入东欧市场机遇——东欧三国考察报告

2011年5月底,中国机床工具工业协会一行六人对俄罗斯、乌克兰、匈牙利三国进行考察,参观了在莫斯科举办的"俄罗斯国际机床设备和金属加工业展览会MATALLOOBRABOTKA 2011",访问了俄、乌、匈三国机床协会,考察了三个机床制造企业,一个国家电子机械设备检测、认证中心,参观了一个展览中心场馆,在展会上还与多个机床协会进行了互访交流与沟通。通过本次考察,沟通了与乌克兰、匈牙利等协会的联系渠道,建立了互通信息,交流统计数据,促进技术、     

阀座精加工的刀具设计

对阀座零件主要加工难点的进行了分析,设计了结构简单、使用方便、刚性好、刀尖锋利、刀尖耐用的刀具,解决了加工难点,提高了效率,保证了质量,降低了成本.     

涉外造纸厂改造项目执行管理的思考

缅甸造纸厂改造项目是以工程承包方式执行的对外项目。项目内容涉及设计、设备供货、安装、调试、试运行、培训、质保等。由于是改造项目,既有新系统又有老线改造,在项目管理上就要注意新、老线并行,又结合了合同管理、文档管理、计划管理、财务管理、采购管理、制造及监造检验管理、储运管理、现场管理等,保证了项目按期顺利完工,为国家创造了外汇,为企业创造了效益,赢得了声誉。     

基于PDM系统的柴油机协同设计

阐述了PDM的基本概念,重点研究了PDM在柴油机设计过程中的信息建模技术,针对企业的实际情况,以产品设计及工艺编制为样本,构建了人员管理模型、产品结构对象模型、工作流程模型等信息模型,进行了有效的实施,并集成了现有的CAD、CAPP、BOM、OFFICE等应用软件,实现了对产品相关的数据、过程、资源一体化集成管理,提高了产品设计的效率。     

热烈庆祝中国二重50华诞

…… 回顾历史,上个世纪中国二重从无到有,从小到大,创造了许多的中国第一,形成了以冶金设备、大型电站铸锻件、矿山设备、锻压设备、航空模锻件、火炮等为代表的主要生产线,为国民经济和国防建设提供了一大批急需的重大技术装备。发挥了不可替代的重要作用,为今后的发展打下了坚实的基础。     

沟槽式管接件自动压槽加工设备的设计与试验

针对沟槽式卡箍连接中钢管沟槽生产效率低、劳动强度大、加工质量低等特点,设计了集上料、进给、夹紧及压槽于一体的沟槽式管接件自动压槽加工设备,分析了影响沟槽尺寸的因素,并提出了可行性解决方案,通过试验验证,符合国家相关标准规定。该设备提高了沟槽式管接件加工的自动化程度和生产效率、降低了劳动强度、改善了加工质量,为沟槽式管接件的自动压槽加工提供了技术方案。     

纯水液压的优势与关键技术研究

纯水液压以安全、环保、经济等优点成为液压界重要的研究方向,本文论述了纯水介质与传统液压介质的比较,指出了纯水液压传动的优势,研究了由于其缺点造成的负面影响,阐述了解决泄露、密封、润滑、磨损、腐蚀、气蚀等关键问题的措施.     

重新开发SQ344切丝机操作界面

利用监控软件Intouch,结合车间的网络通信和数据库技术,重新开发了SQ344切丝机操作系统,实现了对切丝机运行参数监视、操作控制、配方管理、报警信息管理、操作记录、维护保养记录等功能,充分扩展了控制功能,提高了切丝机的控制水平,同时实现了切丝机的信息化管理.     

RFID在智能楼宇中的应用

分析RFID技术应用于智能楼宇建设的可行性及其优点,介绍门禁管理、考勤管理、消费管理、巡更管理、电梯管理、停车管理等方面的综合应用及其特点,有效加强了对人、财、物的有序及有效监控管理,提高了资源的共享利用率,减少了资源的浪费;避免了诸多人为因素的干预,提高了办公效率和楼宇安全。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定茶叶中42种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法（IcP—Ms）标准模式和优化的碰撞池模式（CCT）结合同时测定茶叶中Li、Be、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Cs、Ba、Tl、Pb、Bi和16种稀土元素共42种元素的方法。样品经过微波消解,以Ge、In、Re为内标消除基体干扰,通过碰撞池技术消除多原子质谱干扰测定上述元素。对于所测元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0．9990,回收率范围为90％-110％,相对标准偏差为0．22％-3．97％,大部分元素检出限均小于0．5μg·kg^-1。该方法简便、省时、准确、灵敏度高,适用于实际样品的检测。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Effects of polydatin on the proliferation,migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer

To investigate the effects of polydatin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, the change of proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 was detected by using polydatin and up-regulating PI3K. The anticancer activity and mechanism of polydatin in ovarian cancer were analyzed. Polydatin could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910, and inhibit the expression of PI3K protein. After the expression level of PI3K protein was up-regulated, the inhibitory effect of polydatin on the proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 significantly decreased, suggesting that PI3K was the target of polydatin. Therefore, we concluded that polydatin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K protein, which provides an experimental basis for polydatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.     

GC/MS法同时分析液体制剂及口服液型保健品中31种防腐剂和抗氧化剂

为满足药品监管需要,建立了气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）联用方法测定以水、醇等液体为基质的药品及保健品中的防腐剂和抗氧化剂。采用选择离子监测（SIM）技术,同时检测滴眼液、注射液、滴剂、涂剂、口服液型保健品中的三氯叔丁胺、苯酚、苯甲醇、山梨酸、苯甲酸、2-甲基异噻唑啉酮、脱氢乙酸、乙氧基喹啉、己基间苯二酚、对羟基苯甲酸酯等28种防腐剂及TBHQ、BHA、BHT等3种抗氧化剂。结果显示,31种物质在0.005~1 mg/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.998 5~0.999 9;在0.02～0.30 mg/L加标范围内,回收率为73.6%～109.9%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）为1.2%～13.6%;检出限（LODs,S/N ≥3）为0.001～0.008 mg/L,定量下限（LOQs,S/N ≥10）为0.003～0.020 mg/L。应用该方法进行了多个批次的实际样品分析,结果表明,此方法灵敏、准确、稳定、可靠,且应用范围广泛。     

铁碳合金相图的绘制

在分析铁碳合金相图特征的基础上,及说明相图中的特征点、线的含义的前提下,介绍了铁碳合金相图的画法,填写各区域的组织,从而完成整个铁碳合金相图的绘制.通过这种方式,能够较快地掌握铁碳合金相图的画法,理解相图中特征点、线及各区域组织的含义,对钢铁材料的选用和加工工艺的制订具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

Two distinct events, section compression and loss of particles ("lost caps"), contribute to z-axis distortion and bias in optical disector counting

Deformation of tissue sections in the z-axis can bias optical disector counting. When samples of particle densities are not representative for the entire tissue section, significant bias of estimated numbers can result. To assess the occurrence, prevalence, extent, sequence of events, and causes of z-axis distortion, the distribution of neuronal nucleoli in thick paraffin and vibratome sections was determined in chicken, rodent, and human brain tissues. When positions of neuronal nucleoli were measured in the z-axis, nucleoli were more frequent at the surfaces (bottom and top) of tissue sections than in the core. This nonlinear z-axis distribution was not lab-, equipment-, or investigator-specific, and was independent of age, fixation quality, coverslipping medium, or paraffin melting temperature, but in paraffin sections, was highly correlated with the tilt of the knife (cutting) angle. Manipulation of subsequent tissue processing steps revealed that two events contribute to z-axis distortion. Initially, a higher density of particles results at surfaces after sectioning, apparently due to section compression. Subsequently, particles can be lost to varying degrees from surfaces during floating or staining and dehydration, resulting in "lost caps." These results may explain different degrees of z-axis distortion between different types of sections and different labs, and reinforce the importance of checking z-axis distributions as a "quality control" prior to selection of guard zones in optical disector counting. Indirect approaches to assess section quality, such as resectioning in a perpendicular plane, yield additional artifacts, and should be replaced by a direct quantitative measurement of z-axis distribution of particles.     

面向产品变异设计的零件可拓物元模型研究

为满足产品变异设计的要求,提出了零件可拓物元模型结构.通过融合零件及其子结构的几何、结构关联关系、功能和语义等信息,建立了零件变异物元模型.结合可拓理论,研究了零件变异物元模型的可拓性,分析了零件变异物元模型对产品变异设计的支持情况.最后,基于零件变异物元模型,开发了产品变异设计原型系统,并以发动机曲轴零件为例,建立了零件可拓物元模型.实例证明,零件变异物元模型解决了产品变异设计引起的零件结构干涉和拓扑更新问题,为产品变异设计提供了条件.     

Future directions of fundamental research in additive tribochemistry

This paper reviews briefly the present state of fundamental research, in tribochemistry of load-carrying additives, including oiliness agents, organolsulphur, organochlorine, organophosphorus, organic borates and organometallic compounds. The emphasis is on the weak areas of investigation. It is revealed that the least understood mechanisms, such as the effect of additives on fretting wear, additive-material compatibility, the efficacy of antifatigue additives and the action of water-based fluid additives in metalworking, are the concern of overlapping spheres of learning. A cooperative effort by chemists, metallurgists and mechanical engineers would help overcome the difficulties posed by problems in areas beyond individual expertises. Some research projects for the future are also suggested.     

Diffraction methods in tribosystem diagnostics

In this paper, two structural analysis methods, X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction, are considered for their use in tribosystem diagnosis. It is shown that, for certain applied tribological problems, such as determination of friction conditions and type of wear regime, estimation of running-in period, selection of optimum wear-resistant materials, and of suitable conditions of friction and wear, these methods can be used in addition to more conventional tribotesting and tribodiagnostic methods. A study of the structure of certain friction pair materials and wear particles was conducted. X-ray investigations of the surface layers of the friction pair materials showed that structural characteristics, such as broadening and intensity of diffraction lines, can be used in the estimation of friction conditions. Examples of the choice of structurally wear-resistant engineering materials, and of suitable friction conditions, are given. The study of wear particles produced under different friction conditions shows that these particles vary not only in form and dimensions, but also in phase composition. This provides important additional information for friction and wear process diagnostics. The method involves electron diffraction analysis of isolated wear particles, which allows us to characterise the wear processes under friction conditions. It is shown that a definite phase composition, the fineness of wear particles, and the quantitative ratio of each of the wear product phases, can be characterised for different wear types. Some useful applications of these investigative methods for analysis of the wear nature of friction pairs are described.