100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的调试

〗中国原子能科学研究院研制的100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器是国际上最大的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器,取得了多项先进束流指标。截至2018年底,该加速器完成了分系统、整机调试,开展了多项物理实验,已稳定运行2 000 h以上。本文将重点介绍100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的调试过程以及调试中所解决的关键技术问题和调试结果。     

100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的调试

中国原子能科学研究院研制的100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器是国际上最大的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器,取得了多项先进束流指标。截至2018年底,该加速器完成了分系统、整机调试,开展了多项物理实验,已稳定运行2 000 h以上。本文将重点介绍100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的调试过程以及调试中所解决的关键技术问题和调试结果。     

强流负氢离子源发射度测量仪研制

在加速器技术研究中,束流发射度是反映束流品质的重要物理参数,也是加速器和束流传输线设计的重要依据。100 MeV回旋加速器采用18 mA强流负氢离子源来产生负氢束,为了准确测量离子源的发射度,研制了一台强流负氢离子源发射度测量仪,介绍了其基本原理、机械设计和实验结果,得到了离子源的发射度信息,为100 MeV回旋加速器的设计提供了发射度参数。     

中国原子能科学研究院紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器剥离引出技术研究

中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)在20世纪90年代建造了一台30 MeV紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器后,经过近30年的发展,先后自主研发成功了基于剥离引出技术的能量为10 MeV、14 MeV、100 MeV、硼中子俘获治疗用14 MeV/1 mA等系列能量的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器。建成的100 MeV紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器(CYCIAE-100),是目前国际上能量较高的一台紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器,最高流强达到520 μA,束流功率达到52 kW。建成的硼中子俘获治疗用的质子回旋加速器,也是我国首次自主研发成功的引出质子束流强达到mA量级的强流质子回旋加速器。在系列能量的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器研发过程中,CIAE对剥离引出后的束流色散效应、剥离膜与束流夹角对引出后的束流品质的影响、单圈剥离引出技术等紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器剥离引出技术等方面展开了研究,且自主开发出了剥离引出计算程序,为紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器的应用作出了贡献。     

强流回旋加速器综合实验装置调试进展

强流回旋加速器综合实验装置是中国原子能科学研究院串列加速器升级工程的重要设计验证项目,设计能量为10MeV,它包括1台小型回旋加速器的全套设备,具备其全部功能。它作为一综合试验平台,对100MeV强流回旋加速器的理论设计进行工程可行性验证,同时用于强流回旋加速器的新型工艺研究和设备检测。     

100MeV回旋加速器中心区实验台架的调试

100MeV回旋加速器中心区实验台架工作在2007年取得了重要进展。所有设备已安装、调试完毕，通过分系统和联机调试，从离子源到注入偏转板出口的束流传输效率达到了75％，内靶已出束，取得了初步的实验成果。此实验台架的建成为100MeV强流回旋加速器的磁场、高频、注入、引出、中心区、控制、束流测量等系统的结构设计及束流动力学的验证提供了一个完整的实验平台。中心区实验台架装置示于图1。     

100 MeV强流回旋加速器质子束流管道的初步设计

作为中国原子能科学研究院四大工程之一的串列加速器升级工程,将成为在我国核科学技术领域开展国防、基础和应用的创新性与先导研究的平台。作为其中的重要组成部分,100MeV强流质子回旋加速器建成后能够提供75～100MeV的质子束流。此回旋加速器建成后,首先利用束流调试管道和束     

强流回旋加速器综合实验装置的剥离引出实验

CYCIAE一100中心区试验台架为中国原子能科学研究院串列升级技术部建成的1台10MeV紧凑型强流回旋加速器,加速H-离子,剥离引出质子束。目前,该加速器正在进行束流调试工作。在束流调试阶段,安装了剥离膜,进行了束流的引出调试实验。     

100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器超高真空系统研制

中国原子能科学研究院建成了一台强流质子回旋加速器,其引出能量为100 MeV,流强为200 μA。为减小粒子加速时束流损失的目的,其粒子加速腔内工作真空度要求为6.7×10^-6 Pa。由于是紧凑型加速器结构,该加速器能提供给真空系统利用的通路有限,为此主真空系统设计为内置式低温冷板结合商业低温泵的排气方案以增加系统整体的抽气能力。设计、加工完成的真空系统已成功应用于100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器上,为加速器的束流调试和正常供束提供了有利的保障。     

100MeV强流回旋加速器径向靶的研制

在100MeV强流回旋加速器调试过程中,需对束流在加速器内的轴向和径向参数进行测量。径向靶系统是束流诊断系统中用于获取上述参数的主要部件,本文研制了3套阻挡式径向靶系统,并安装到加速器主体,获得了束流在连续加速过程中的轴向和径向分布,为加速器运行提供了相应束流参数,并为后续加速器升级工作提供了必要的条件。     

Beam dynamics study for a small, high current 14 MeV PET cyclotron

A 14 MeV high intensity cyclotron CYCIAE-14 dedicated to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). Based on a set of basic technical requirements for the accelerator and its extracted beam, the cyclotron beam dynamics were studied and the results are presented. Static beam dynamics, beam motion inside the machine under imperfection conditions and beam behavior in the extraction process were also investigated. This work gives an in-depth view of the beam dynamics study, numerical simulation as well as the corresponding results and necessary analyses.     

Overall design of CYCIAE-14, a 14 MeV PET cyclotron

Based on a 10 MeV CRM cyclotron developed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) with an achieved beam intensity of up to 430 μA, a 14 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron, CYCIAE-14, was designed and being built at CIAE. It is planned that the first machine would be in place with a span of 2 years. CYCIAE-14 is delicately designed to realize strong vertical focusing by adopting a 4-sector, variable hill-gap structure with an external ion source to achieve high intensity. A special design applied to the stripping extraction gives access to dual extraction with four beams. The adoption of sophisticated industrial technology will give the cyclotron advantages, e.g. low power consumption and high reliability. This paper is aimed to present the overall design of the machine, including the basic technical specifications, main magnet and coils, RF, ion source and axial injection, and stripping extraction, etc. It will also give an introduction to its construction schedule as well as the up-to-date progress.     

The cyclotron development activities at CIAE

The cyclotron has an obvious advantage in offering high average current and beam power. Cyclotron development for various applications, e.g. radioactive ion-beam (RIB) generation, clean nuclear energy systems, medical diagnostics and isotope production, were performed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for over 50 years. At the moment two cyclotrons are being built at CIAE, the 100 MeV, CYCIAE-100, and a 14 MeV, the CYCIAE-14. Meanwhile, we are designing and proposing to build a number of cyclotrons with different energies, among them are the CYCIAE-70, the CYCIAE-800, and the upgrading of CYCIAE-CRM, which is going to increase its beam current to mA level. The contribution will present an overall introduction to the cyclotron development activities conducted at CIAE, with different emphasis to each project in order to demonstrate the design and construction highlights.     

中国原子能科学研究院回旋加速器束流动力学与多物理场模拟技术发展与应用

经过60年的发展,中国原子能科学研究院（CIAE）独立自主地开展了基于PIC技术的强流回旋加速器束流动力学的大规模并行计算的核心算法研究,开发了CYCPIC2D、CYCPIC3D和OPAL-CYCL等强流回旋加速器束流动力学模拟程序,搭建了专用的高性能并行化计算机群PANDA。本文以CIAE已建成及在研的不同类型的回旋加速器为例,总结了回旋加速器基本束流动力学的分析方法和主要计算结果,并介绍了CIAE在回旋加速器束流动力学与多物理场模拟技术方面的发展与应用。     

Conceptual design of an 800 MeV high power proton driver

This paper outlines the conceptual design work of a high power proton cyclotron proposed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for a spallation neutron source, accelerator driven systems, production of radioactive ion beams, and other applications. For this cyclotron the 100 MeV injection proton beam is currently considered to be provided by the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron, which is under construction at CIAE and will be later replaced by a dedicated injector for beam upgrading. In order to minimize beam losses for high intensity operation, large turn separation at the extraction has first priority. After analyzing of different scenarios, including super conducting designs, a warm magnet solution was chosen. The conceptual design, field calculations, RF cavity simulations, etc. will be presented in the paper.     

中国原子能科学研究院回旋加速器创新与发展60年

中国原子能科学研究院（CIAE）自1958年首台回旋加速器成功出束以来,已经历了60余年的回旋加速器创新与发展,并由此带动了我国核科学技术基础研究和应用技术的发展。本文在简要回顾回旋加速器前30年发展历程的基础上,重点阐述后30年围绕紧凑型回旋加速器的科技创新和应用,主要包括100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器、医用小型回旋加速器、质子治疗超导回旋加速器及高功率等时性圆型加速器等多种先进的质子加速器研发。     

基于100 MeV紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器的束流切割器研制

通过理论分析和仿真模拟对中国原子能科学研究院一台100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器的束流切割器进行了优化设计,并同时研制出两套束流切割器进行实测对比,选定最佳方案。该切割器波形选择为回旋加速器高频频率的16分频28 MHz正弦波,具有结构紧凑体积小、螺旋谐振器Q相对较高、加载切割电压较高且功率损耗低、无需水冷等特点,同时配套研制了一套开口形状为正方形的选束狭缝装置。最后在实验终端成功获得了能量为100 MeV、重复频率为56 MHz的脉冲质子束。该切束器的成功研制不仅满足了核数据测量的应用需求,还极大地推动了回旋加速器束流脉冲化技术的发展。     

Physics design of a 70 MeV high intensity cyclotron, CYCIAE-70

This paper introduces the physics design of a 70 MeV high intensity cyclotron at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), which is aimed for multiple uses including radioactive ion-beam (RIB) production. The machine adopts a compact structure of four straight sectors, capable of accelerating two kinds of beams, i.e. H⁻ and D⁻ . The proton and deuteron beam will be extracted in dual opposite directions by charge exchange stripping devices. The energy of the extracted proton beam is in the range 35-70 MeV with an intensity up to 700 μA. The corresponding values for the deuteron beam are 18-33 MeV and 40 μA. This paper will present the main characteristics and parameters in the design of the 70 MeV cyclotron, the results of the basic beam dynamics study, as well as the physics in the design of the different systems, including the main magnet, RF, injection and extraction systems, etc.