物联网你应该知道和所不知道的

RFID:物联网的最早应用 RFID(射频标签)目前已广泛应用于供应链,这是物联网的最早的应用.Gartner公司报告2009年RFI系统在全球供应链市场规模达到100亿美元.RFID已从第一代最基本功能、第二代RF旧(抗碰撞、可重写、外天线和识别功能)、第三代传感RFID(半无源、传感、监控、数据处理、通信、功率管理功能)到第四代主动RFID(有源设备、监控、传感器、数据处理、通信、功率管理、本地化功能>,还将发展到第五代交互RFID(智能设备、无源一有源、监控、传感器、数据处理、网络通信、功率管理、本地化一定位、与用户交互功能),此时,RFID与传感器的界限已很难区分.     

RFID技术与应用中的建模与优化的研究综述

RFID与传感器网络是物联网的基础技术.随着RFID的广泛应用,产生了许多新的建模与优化的问题.分别从RFID技术和应用两个方面对这些新问题的研究情况进行综述.主要问题包括:读卡器网络的布置优化,读卡器负荷平衡,RFID存储的数据分配,高速读入的防碰撞算法,RFID系统的投资回报的分析与决策,RFID带来的业务流程再造问题,供应链中的存储优化问题,个件层(Item-Level)管理带来的新问题,动态信息与快速响应的新问题等.     

基于云计算的供应链RFID信息服务研究*

针对供应链环境下现有的EPCGlobal网络存在的问题和信息服务的需求,提出一种基于云计算的射频识别技术（RFID）信息服务架构。该架构将企业的本地RFID应用与供应链公共信息服务解耦,利用基于隐马尔可夫模型的信息分布机制将RFID信息发布到云中,构建起统一的RFID信息服务云平台,为供应链环境下RFID应用提供近实时、序列级的信息服务。将该架构与EPCGlobal网络相比较论证了其优越性。     

RFID传感器网络在人防工程智能化中的应用

随着信息化的不断发展,人防工程也在不断地进行信息化智能化的建设和改造,人防工程的智能化监控管理就是其中的一个方面。将RFID无线传感器网络技术应用到人防工程中,利用无线传感器网络综合定位,获取目标的位置信息;同时通过RFID技术,监控进出工程的人员、车辆和文件物品的流动情况,通过监控室的计算机对信息进行处理,可实现对整个人防工程的智能化监控管理。     

RFID定位管理系统设计与实现

继制造业和零售业之后.定位管理被认为是无线射频识别技术(RFID)的下一个重要发展方向.RFID技术在实现定位管理系统的灵活性、可维护性和可扩展性方面具有巨大的潜力.基于RFID的定位管理系统必须能够根据不同应用的需求进行快速部署,并且能够快速有效地生成位置信息.然而,RFID读写器网络仅生成大量的原始RFID数据流,这些数据本身不包含任何与位置相关的语义.此文研究了与RFID动态部署和RFID数据管理有关的文章,并提出一种能解决上述问题的系统设计.     

RFID编码解析网络监控系统的研制

阐述了射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFlD)公共服务中的核心技术--RFID编码解析技术的概念,报告了该领域相关网络监控应用的现状,分析了在RFID编码解析网络中加入网络监控功能的必要性.在研究其网络特点的基础上,结合系统的实际需求选用了SNMP技术,对管理信息数据进行了详细地设计,开发实现了一种RFID编码解析网络监控系统.测试结果表明,该系统不但可以有效监控网络中各服务器RFID解析的运行状况,并且提供编码解析网络拓扑维护等功能.     

物联网发展关键技术研究

物联网发展的关键在于解决核心技术中存在的难点。重点研究了RFID、无线传感器网络和语义网格等物联网关键技术,采用融合多种关键技术解决了物联网应用难的问题。语义网格融合了语义Web机器可阅读和网格技术强大的计算能力;语义P2P技术解决了信息过载通信瓶颈问题,大大方便了传感器节点的部署以及传感器网络的扩展;采用本体技术实现了物联网中的信息语义的交互和共享,为物联网中信息的及时、无歧义理解提供了便利。     

面向物流的RFID应用系统研究

本文介绍了两种基于RFID的可视化供应链管理模型,并且设计了一种基于RFID的可视化供应链管理的原型系统。该模型可以实现供应商和用户之间的货物追踪,同时可以实时监控库存情况,发出预警信息,并且可以结合上下游的库存历史进行实时的发货预测。本文的模型分析和原型系统设计对于利用RFID技术改善供应链上下游信息不明的现况,提高供应链管理的效率和水平具有借鉴意义。     

RFID传感器网络在食品生产领域的研究

综合RFID和无线传感器网络的优点,提出了RFID传感器网络,并针对生产过程中的食品监控,比较详细地介绍RFID无线传感器网络在食品生产环节的系统架构及网关节点的主要结构.     

物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型

针对食品供应链管理和质量安全的跟踪和追溯需求,利用物联网技术,参照EPC标准,提出了一种基于物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型,描述了RFID技术在Internet基础上实现食品的全程跟踪管理的E-R模型、网络架构、技术框架和功能模块,可通过Web Service和智能手机等多种方式查询追溯详细的电子信息.     

基于网格的供应链信息系统的建模与分析

当今供应链的竞争已成为企业竞争的焦点,构建一个分布式、集成化的供应链管理信息系统已成为关键。结合供应链管理信息系统的特点,并基于Globus Toolkit和开放网格服务架构,该文构建了基于开放网格基础设施的供应链管理信息系统的模型。并通过一个实例利用时间Petri网进行建模分析,验证了该模型在提高供应链效率方面的作用。     

A structural equation model for analyzing the impact of ERP on SCM

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) represent important information technology investment options for operation or IT managers, and have been acclaimed in the practitioner and academic literature for their potential to improve business performance. The purpose of this article is to provide further insights into the adoption of ERP systems and the impacts on firm competence in SCM. We propose a model featuring ERP benefits to firm competences in supply chain management. We also hypothesize that three constructs of ERP benefits positively impact firm competences in SCM. To clarify the relationships among these constructs, structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the model fit and nine hypotheses. The SEM results clearly demonstrate that there exist close interrelations among the benefits of implementing ERP systems and firm competences in SCM. The data from Taiwanese IT firms was collected through interviewing of experts and surveys. The results provide empirical evidence that the beneficial impacts of ERP on the supply chain do lead to better overall SCM competence. That evidence confirms that operational benefits, business process and management benefits, and strategic IT planning benefits of ERP in turn enhance firm competences of SCM in operational process integration, customer and relationship integration, and planning and control process integration.     

Inventory lot-sizing with supplier selection using hybrid intelligent algorithm

In supply chain management (SCM), multi-product and multi-period models are usually used to select the suppliers. In the real world of SCM, however, there are normally several echelons which need to be integrated into inventory management. This paper presents a hybrid intelligent algorithm, based on the push SCM, which uses a fuzzy neural network and a genetic algorithm to forecast the rate of demand, determine the material planning and select the optimal supplier. We test the proposed algorithm in a case study conducted in Iran.     

WSN集成EPCglobal:环境感知的供应链监管

随着目前全球供应链管理网络体系（EPCglobal）的日趋成熟,供应链的管理已经不再局限于一个企业内部,开放式、多角色参与的供应链管理模式正在形成。通过物品上的EPC标识和一个分布式的信息系统,EPCglobal为流通物品创建了一条信息链,可追溯至此物品的供应链源头。从供应链管理的本质与发展趋势看,与真实环境的交互能力越强,交互数据越实时,越能更好地对供应链的实施全程监管。提出一个将WSN与EPCglobal的集成方案,无缝地绑定物品EPC标识和环境感知信息,可大大增强EPCglobal对生产和仓储过程的信息获取和处理能力,并提供统一接口供用户访问。WSN与EPCglobal的集成不仅是技术意义上的异种网络集成,更是对供应链信息化管理层面的一种拓宽和深化。     

Applicability of optimal control theory to adaptive supply chain planning and scheduling

Decisions in supply chain planning and control are interconnected and depend on tackling uncertainties and dynamics. From this perspective, control theory (CT) is an interesting research avenue for the supply chain management (SCM). In this paper, the applicability of optimal CT to SCM is investigated. Our analysis is based on the fundamentals of control and systems theory and experimental modeling. The paper describes important issues and perspectives that delineate dynamics in supply chains, identifies and systemizes different streams in application of CT to production, logistics, and SCM in the period from 1960 to 2011. It derives some classifications, performs a critical analysis, and discusses further researches. Some drawbacks and missing links in the literature are pointed out. Several crucial application areas of control theory to SCM are discussed. Subsequently, optimal program control, challenges and advantages of its application in the SCM are addressed. It is shown how optimal program control can be applied to adaptive supply chain planning. In addition, it is concluded that with the help of CT, robustness, adaptability, and resilience of supply chains can be investigated in their consistency with operations planning and execution control within a conceptually and mathematically integrated framework. However, although SCs resemble control systems, they have some peculiarities which do not allow a direct application of CT methods. In this setting, further development of interdisciplinary approaches to supply chain optimization is argued. An extended co-operation between control and supply chain experts may have the potential to introduce more realism to the dynamic planning and models and improve real-time supply chain control policies.     

过程工业供应链流结构及其管理研究

与离散制造业相比,过程工业具有大批量、连续性、高能耗等特点,根据过程工业的自身特点和复杂性,本文提出了过程工业供应链的概念,分别建立了组成该复杂供应链的物质流、能量流、信息流、资金流、工件流和人件流六大流的动态结构,并以此为基础,通过分析国内外过程工业供应链管理的研究和应用现状,建立了针对复杂过程系统的综合集成的过程工业供应链管理框架。     

基于网格的供应链管理信息平台的构建

供应链的竞争已成为当前企业竞争的焦点,如何提高信息在供应链上各成员企业之间的传递速度已经成为提高供应链竞争力的关键因素.网格技术是近年来国际上兴起的一种重要的信息技术,它能在多个组织间实现资源和信息的共享.对网格技术在供应链中的应用进行了分析,提出了一种基于网格的供应链信息平台的模型.该模型实现供应链中各节点企业的信息共享和资源整合,从而提高供应链的效率.     

Relation model describing the effects of introducing RFID in the supply chain: evidence from the food and beverage industry in South Korea

The development of information technology has rapidly changed the logistics industry. RFID has become more and more important in the context of supply chain management (SCM), and implementation of RFID in SCM brings with it the potential to manage the information flow and to support communication and collaboration along the supply chain. This study was conducted to build a relation model, which is a structural model, to identify the effects of introducing RFID into the supply chain of the food and beverage industry in Korea. The supply chain of the food and beverage industry was divided into five activities: procurement, production, transport, sale, warehousing, and administration. This study was based on the premise that RFID will be embedded in a transport box or pallet circulated in the SC. The model showed that SC activities have positive relationships through the RFID system, and the introduction of RFID promotes information interchanges between SC activities, which in turn enable the coordination and consolidation of a total SCM. From the results of this study, it is expected that the RFID system does not only enable the SC partners to improve their utilities but also promotes the efficiency of SCM as a whole. This is meaningful considering that there is still a controversy regarding the effects of RFID on SCM.     

An XML-based modular system analysis and design for supply chain simulation

In the contemporary global market, managing the entire supply chain has become crucial for competitive advantage in different industries. However, the realization and success of supply chain management (SCM) depends significantly on the previous supply chain modeling and simulation for analyzing complex systems.     

基于WSRF的供应链管理信息系统

为构建一个分布式、集成化的数据环境,实现信息共享的供应链管理信息系统,提出基于Web服务资源框架(WSRF)的供应链管理信息系统模型。在该模型中利用Web服务资源对供应链资源进行建模,并利用WSRF架构解决组织内以及组织间的异构系统整合问题,从而加速供应链成员间的信息流动。