基于分离度的步长自适应自然梯度算法

首先定义了描述信号分离状态的分离度,并利用分离度作为参数来控制自然梯度算法中的步长因子,从而首次提出了一种基于分离状态的步长自适应自然梯度盲源分离算法。由于该算法步长是基于分离度的,其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应地选取,因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致,证实了该算法明显优于其它固定步长或变步长的自然梯度算法。     

基于自然梯度的语音盲分离算法

对于自适应自然梯度算法,选择步长参数以达到好的分离性能是非常必要的。提出了一种步长自适应自然梯度算法。由于该算法中的步长基于分离状态,其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应选取,因而能很好地解决收敛速度与稳态误差之间的矛盾。计算机模拟试验结果显示,该算法优于传统的自然梯度算法。     

基于变步长等变化自适应盲源分离算法

对于基于梯度自适应的盲源分离算法，认真选择步长参数以达到好的分离性能是非常必要的。如果为加快收敛速度而增大步长因子，将会导致大的稳态误差，甚至引起算法发散，因此固定步长因子无法解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。本文为EASI算法提出了一种变步长的解决方案。通过建立步长因子与分离矩阵相互差异之间的非线性关系，加快了收敛速度，减小了失调误差。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致，证实了该算法明显优于传统的EASI算法。     

基于萤火虫算法的变步长语音信号盲源分离

针对传统的自然梯度算法对语音信号进行盲源分离时,算法存在收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾。文中提出一种新的变步长自然梯度算法,利用荧火虫算法对自然梯度算法的步长调整,使算法的步长随信号的分离度变化,并通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性,算法的分离效果更好,收敛速度更快,且稳态误差更小。     

基于非线性函数的非平稳盲源分离步长算法

传统自然梯度盲源分离算法采用固定步长,导致收敛速度和稳态误差之间存在矛盾,使算法性能受到制约,特别是对非平稳盲源的分离效果较差。为此,对传统算法进行了改进,提出了一种新的基于非线性函数的步长算法,在分离过程中使步长在每次更新中自动做出合理的调整。通过MATLAB仿真实验证明了新算法的有效性。     

自适应变步长正交约束盲源分离算法

将盲源分离算法通常应用到的白化预处理方法转化为权值正交约束条件下的分离算法,使得分离算法由无约束算法转变为有约束算法,消除了在估计白化矩阵时引入的误差和分离输出存在的尺度不确定性。因为算法的收敛速度和稳态误差是一对矛盾,所以结合变步长思想,提出了一种新的自适应变步长的权值正交约束盲源分离算法。该算法步长是基于分离状态的,其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应地选取,因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。仿真实验表明,该算法比非约束算法,固定步长的权值正交约束的盲源分离算法具有更好的分离性能。     

改进的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法

基于非线性盲源分离的维纳系统算法中,采用固定步长导致算法的收敛速度和稳态误差之间存在矛盾,直接影响分离算法的性能。为了解决该问题,提出了基于非线性函数的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法。该方法将更新的步长以非线性函数的形式引入到分离算法中,使得稳态时参数更新的步长尽可能小,以避免发生振荡。变步长算法在分离过程中的每次更新都会使步长自动进行合理的调整,使得收敛速度提高了53%,误差减小了45%。实验仿真表明,相对原算法,提出的维纳系统盲源分离方法可以更好地分离出信源信号,而且具有较小的误差和较快的收敛速度。     

一种新的步长等变化自适应算法

定义了描述信号分离状态的一种测度,并在认真分析相关固定步长和变步长EASI算法的基础上。提出了一种新的步长自适应等变化自适应（EASI）算法。该算法步长是基于分离状态的。其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应地选取。因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致,证实了该算法明显优于传统的EASI算法．     

一种基于峭度累积量比例微分控制的盲源分离学习率

自然梯度算法由于良好的分离性能在盲源分离中占有重要的地位,但该算法基于固定步长时,无法很好兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差。本文借鉴自动化控制的PID （Proportion Integration Differentiation ）算法,提出一种与分离状态紧密结合的变步长学习率算法。由于完成分离的信号峭度累积量是一个固有值,分离过程的信号峭度累积量与固有值将有一个不断减小的误差值。该算法以指数函数值来体现该误差值。再利用该误差构成比例微分的变步长算法,其中的步长初始值就相当于控制误差的比例值,而误差的微分项则得到加速的调整值。该算法仿真实验结果与固定步长自然梯度盲源分离算法的仿真实验结果对比：对应于初始步长的一个最大值和一个最小值,该算法的两次迭代次数均低于采用固定步长算法的迭代次数,并且对于不同类型信号在两次迭代次数间的差值约10～40次,而两种算法的稳态误差是相同的。     

基于定步长自然梯度算法盲混合信号分离技术研究

本文利用自然梯度算法对盲混合方波、正弦波、调幅波和噪声等信号进行盲分离实验,通过仿真,验证了自然梯度盲分离算法在复杂信号分离中的准确性。比较了不同步长下,自然梯度算法的分离性能,得出步长的选择对算法收敛性及稳态误差的重要性,文章分析了算法在步长变化情况下的收敛速度,稳态性能等。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks