新型分散橹棒控制器的设计方法

对于实际的电力系统，近年来多采用分散本机量反馈的控制器。在已有文献〔１〕的基础上加以改进，利用系统的模态矩阵优化，设计了多机电力系统分散橹棒控制器。该控制器以整个系统的二次性能指标作为目标函数来优化分散本机量反馈的控制器，不仅具有适当的预定稳定度（故橹棒性能强），而且具有较好的动态响应，解决了稳定约束的问题     

基于扰动估计观测器的非线性分散控制

为提高多机电力系统的稳定性,提出了一种新型的非线性分散控制器（NDC）。该控制器的设计是基于输入输出反馈线性化控制策略,并采用估计的状态和定义为一个虚拟状态的扰动来反映系统的非线性、不确定和各子系统的外部动态的综合作用。鲁棒滑动模态观测器被用来估计系统的状态和扰动。该控制器的设计不需要系统详细的知识,易于实现分散控制。3机系统的仿真结果表明了所提非线性分散控制器能有效地提高系统的稳定性。     

基于有效相对增益矩阵的多直流协调分散控制

提出了一种基于有效相对增益矩阵(ERGA)的多直流控制回路配对方法。由于ERGA兼顾了带宽和稳态增益,计及了系统的动态特性,它能有效降低直流之间的耦合作用,避免发生模式谐振而恶化控制效果,便于分散控制器的设计。同时,本文基于ERGA提出了多直流协调控制策略,首先采用总体最小二乘-旋转不变技术参数估计(TLSESPRIT)算法对不同可取信号辨识系统传递函数,分析系统振荡模态和振型,从而得到各反馈信号的稳态增益和带宽。其次通过ERGA量化地分析各直流采用不同信号配对方式时的交互影响程度,并选取耦合作用最小的信号组合作为反馈信号,最后设计了考虑时滞的阻尼控制器。PSCAD仿真结果证明了该控制策略的有效性。     

多馈入交直流混合系统的智能模糊分散协调控制

为了解决多馈入交直流混合系统中诸控制元件之间协调的问题,根据模糊逻辑推理方法与最优分散协调算法,设计了智能模糊分散协调控制器(FODC),从而使整个交直流系统的性能达到最优.用NETOMAC仿真软件仿真了一三机双直流系统.仿真结果表明,所设计的FODC确实能提高整个交直流输电系统的稳定性,且优于常规的无分散协调控制(NDC)和有分散协调控制(ODC),在不同扰动下亦能表现出很好的适应性.     

基于最优变目标策略的交直流系统分层协调控制

提出了一种采用分层控制结构的协调控制策略来处理含有多馈入直流输电的交直流混合系统,并运用所设计的协调控制结构,并以算例的仿真计算来证明其有效性。该方案的控制层具有各自相互独立的任务：交直流协调层基于高压直流的功率调制和发电机励磁控制设计最优变目标控制规律;直流协调层主要负责多馈入直流输电系统中各条直流之间控制参数的优化调整。     

多机电力系统H∞分散鲁棒励磁控制器的优化设计

基于H∞控制理论,提出了在多机电力系统励磁控制器设计中求取反馈增益的优化方法.该方法设定外部干扰矩阵,基于全状态的分散,将系统干扰项考虑到反馈增益矩阵F中,用迭代方法求F阵以使闭环系统最优.理论分析证明,采用该方法设计的分散鲁棒励磁控制器,能保证闭环系统的稳定性并使其具有良好的动态性能.仿真实验结果表明,该方法可有效地优选出分散励磁控制器的参数,使控制系统具有较强的鲁棒性,很好地实现了多机电力系统的分散协调控制.     

一种新型分散橹棒控制器的设计方法

文章在已有文献的基础上提出用分散本机量反馈的方法，利用模态矩阵优化设计了多机电力系统分散橹棒控制器，解决了稳定约束问题。根据定量分析控制器的橹棒性，求得一个适当的予定稳定度，使得控制系统具有较强的橹棒性，同时又具有较好的动态响应。同时用这种方法对一实际大区电力系统设计了分散橹棒控制器，结果表明这种方法简单，且有实用意义。     

单元机组协调系统的非线性内模控制

协调系统的性能直接影响单元机组运行的安全性和经济性。为了克服非线性环节以及能量供需之间关联耦合作用对协调系统控制品质的影响，本文将反馈线性化方法与多变量内模控制结构结合，针对一个通用的非线性协调系统模型，设计出非线性内模协调控制器。文中分析了多变量非线性内模控制结构的鲁棒稳定性及动态性能。在不同负荷下的仿真试验表明，所设计的控制系统具有良好的解耦效果和抗干扰能力。     

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的独立模态空间鲁棒控制

提出在汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的独立模态空间控制回路中，采用H∞扭振模态观测器估计模态反馈信号。证明了独立模态空间控制器町以独立设计，而引入H∞扭振模态观测器对闭环系统极点分布的影响可以忽略不计。基于H∞控制理论导出了针对受控扭振模态设计的独立模态空间控制器的鲁棒稳定条件。另外，出于实际考虑，建议扭振控制转矩以发电机电磁转矩分量的形式实现，而将慢变的机械转矩看作干扰，提出了抑制其影响的H∞性能指标。在此基础上提出轴系扭振的独立模态空间鲁棒控制，并归结为带有闭环极点配置约束的多目标H∞综合问题。算例仿真表明，轴系扭振独立模态空间鲁棒控制策略是可行的、有效的。     

一种新型多变量PID励磁调节器

本文在坐标变换和反馈控制理论的基础上,发展了设计大规模电力系统线性最优分散控制器的一种新方法,并据此设计了多机电力系统新型多变量PID励磁调节器。该调节器可通过局部量反馈来实现,既可达到全局稳定控制的目的,又可使表征系统稳定程度的每一个特征值均可按要求任意配置。     

可控制动电阻控制器广域协调优化方法研究

提出一种基于广域测量系统和三级共态预估算法的可控制动电阻控制器广域协调优化方法.将多机系统中的可控制动电阻控制器分成本地控制器和协调控制器两层,采用三级共态预估算法对分散的本地控制器进行非线性协调优化,使系统获得全局最优的控制效果.所提方法计算量小,并能在本地形成闭环反馈控制,适合于在线应用.仿真结果表明所提方法可以明显提高系统的暂态稳定性,并改善系统的动态品质.     

Robust coordinated design of multiple and multi-type damping controller using differential evolution algorithm

A robust coordination scheme to improve the stability of a power system by optimal design of multiple and multi-type damping controllers is presented in this paper. The controllers considered are power system stabilizer (PSS) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based controller. Local measurements are provided as input signals to all the controllers. The coordinated design problem is formulated as an optimization problem and differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to search for the optimal controller parameters. The performance of the proposed controllers is evaluated for both single-machine infinite-bus power system and multi-machine power system. Nonlinear simulation results are presented over a wide range of loading conditions and system configurations to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed coordinated design approach. It is observed that the proposed controllers provide efficient damping to power system oscillations under a wide range of operating conditions and under various disturbances. Further, simulation results show that, in a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillations are effectively damped by the proposed approach.     

Decentralized coordinated control for large power system based on transient stability assessment

For the purpose of enhancing transient stability of large power systems, this paper focuses on an issue of decentralized coordinated control. A modified equal area criterion (MEAC) is firstly proposed as the transient stability judgment criterion of multi-machine power systems. Then, a hierarchical decentralized coordinated excitation control is designed, which consists of both upper level coordinated control and lower level decentralized control. Based on the transient stability assessment, the coordinated controller determines whether to send coordinated control signal to lower level decentralized controllers. Moreover, the decentralized coordinated controller is designed by using H_∞ robust control method so as to deal with the uncertainties of system. Finally, simulation studies test effectiveness of the proposed control.     

A decentralized plant controller for automatic generation and voltage regulation

A decentralized plant controller is developed for the coordinated control of automatic real power generation and automatic voltage regulation of a generating unit. Considering that there are no interactions between the two subsystems, local controllers are developed to optimize each subsystem. Those controllers are then used to improve the performance of the overall system when the interconnections are taken into account. The decentralized controller for each subsystem is composed of a feedback control which is independent of other subsystems, and an adjustment control which is dependent on the interaction variables.The effectiveness of the decentralized controller is examined by digital simulation study for the response of a generator-exciter system tied to a governor-turbine system. Comparisons are made with the local controller and with the centralized controller, and the decentralized controller is shown to have practical advantages over the centralized controller with only minimal sacrifice in performance.     

考虑信息结构约束的多机系统励磁控制协调

提出了一种考虑信息结构约束时协调设计励磁控制器的新方法。首先基于信息结构的概念,将控制器的设计转化为特定信息结构下的最优控制问题,然后将推广的最小误差激励法用于该问题的求解,从而求出反馈增益矩阵。仿真结果表明,与分散协调励磁控制相比,引入有价值的远方信号所得到的励磁控制策略能够增强阻尼,提高系统稳定性。     

STATCOM与发电机励磁的协调控制

针对单机无穷大系统,建立了包含静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）的状态空间模型,应用给定信息结构约束下的最优控制理论和算法,设计了4组STATCOM与发电机励磁的协调控制器。它们的控制规律分别是：状态反馈的完全分散协调控制、输出状态反馈的完全分散协调控制、STATCOM处可以反馈机组角频率偏差的特定信息结构下的LQ协调控制,、全状态反馈的集中型最优控制。仿真结果表明,与独立设计的AVR／PSS励磁控制器和电压偏差PI调节型STATCOM控制器相比,上述4组协调控制器能更加有效地提高系统暂态稳定性能。同时,安全分散信息结构的状态和输出反馈控制的控制性能稍次于其他两种协调控制规律,但由于它们实现代价低、可靠性高,更具易于实际应用。     

部分分散控制及其在单元机组协调控制中的应用

针对强耦合多变量对象控制系统设计中分散控制不能满足高性能要求,而多变量先进控制算法结构复杂、较难推广的现象,研究基于扩展对象的部分分散控制器设计。设计过程首先通过结构分析法得出部分分散控制器结构,再对其对象进行非方扩展,利用非方内模法设计相应非方分散控制器并转化为部分分散控制器,最后应用扩展μ交互法进行稳定性分析。将该方法应用于一500 MW单元机组协调控制系统的仿真研究,结果表明:部分分散控制系统能达到与多变量协调控制系统相近的性能,并且部分分散控制结构更加简单、设计及调试方法更加容易。     

基于PMU的可控制动电阻协调控制器研究

同步相量测量单元(PMU)的广泛应用使得利用广域同步信息设计多机系统的协调控制器,进一步提高电力系统的暂态稳定性成为可能。建立了多机系统可控制动电阻(TCBR)控制器的数学模型,并设计了基于广域同步信息的协调控制器。控制器分为协调层和本地层,协调层利用PMU提供的全局实时信息处理各发电机之间的非线性关联量,产生全局优化向量;本地层则结合本地信息和全局优化向量,对发电机进行闭环反馈控制。所提方法避免了分散控制器之间的不协调动作,并且所采用的三级共态预估算法计算量小,适合于在线应用。对一个4机系统的仿真表明所提方法可以有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性。     

A design method of a generalized predictive control system based on parametrization of two‐degree‐of‐freedom integral controllers

A new design method for a generalized predictive control (GPC) system based on parametrization of two‐degree‐of‐freedom integral controllers has been proposed. The objective is to guarantee stability of the control system without depending on the design parameters and to achieve low sensitivity against the plant perturbation and the disturbance. The design procedure consists of two steps. First, we design a basic integral controller for a nominal plant using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method and parametrize a class of two‐degree‐of‐freedom stabilizing controllers. Next, we tune the feedforward controller to incorporate the GPC method into our control structure. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it with the conventional GPC method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 62–70, 1999     

Time delay approach for PSS and SSSC based coordinated controller design using hybrid PSO–GSA algorithm

In this work we present a novel approach in order to improve the power system stability, by designing a coordinated structure composed of a power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based damping controller. In the design approach various time delays and signal transmission delays owing to sensors are included. This is a coordinated design problem which is treated as an optimization problem. A new hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (hPSO–GSA) algorithm is used in order to find the controller parameters. The performance of single-machine infinite-bus power system as well as the multi-machine power systems are evaluated by applying the proposed hPSO–GSA based controllers (PSS and damping controller). Various results are shown here with different loading condition and system configuration over a wide range which will prove the robustness and effectiveness of the above design approach. From the results it can be observed that, the proposed hPSO–GSA based controller provides superior damping to the power system oscillation on a wide range of disturbances. Again from the simulation based results it can be concluded that, for a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillation which is very dangerous can be easily damped out with the above proposed approach.