煤质对固定床气化炉气化性能影响的工业试验研究

在使用烟煤作为设计气化燃料的Lurgi固态排渣气化炉上,进行了褐煤气化实验,获得了褐煤固定床气化的工业实验数据。通过优化实验,确定了煤质改变条件下的Lurgi固定床气化炉的最佳工艺参数,并获得了褐煤的最佳气化指标。研究表明,针对煤质的特殊性采取一些针对性措施,可以在使用烟煤的固定床气化炉上完成褐煤气化,为设计褐煤固定床气化提供有力的参考。     

上吸式固定床生物质气化炉模拟优化

为了提高上吸式固定床生物质气化炉的燃气产物产量和品质,通过模拟试验对气化炉进行优化设计,使生物质气化炉装置的流场分布均匀,氧化层和还原层反应充分。通过热态试验分析生物质气化炉炉内床层温度分布、燃气产物成分、气化强度、产气率与入炉空气量的关系,得到该上吸式固定床生物质气化炉的最佳入炉空气量条件。结果显示：优化设计后的气化炉气化效率达到70%以上,有效提高了生物质炉的气化能力。     

上吸式固定床生物质气化的综合计算法模型

针对已有生物质气化模型在实际工程应用中的局限性,以Н.Н.Доброхотов提出的煤气化经验模型为基础,依据改用生物质成型燃料的3M13型上吸式气化炉所测数据,得到上吸式固定床生物质气化的综合计算法模型。该模型主要修正原模型干馏阶段的热解水、CO_2和焦油的产率;并在固定碳气化阶段,引入空气当量比作为参数,改进原模型中C/N特征值取值的随机性。通过与其他学者的上吸式气化炉生物质气化实验对比,模拟结果与试验数据符合良好,证明本模型在工程应用中模拟生物质上吸式固定床气化过程的可行性。     

生物质气化技术讲座(二)生物质气化炉

1气化炉的类型气化炉大体上可分为两大类：固定床气化炉和流化床气化炉。将切碎的生物质原料由炉子顶部加料口投入固定床气化炉中,物料在炉内基本上是按层次地进行气化反应,反应产生的气体在炉内的流动要靠安装在可燃气出口的容积式风机的抽力来实现。固定床气化炉的炉内反应     

生物质气化原理及设备浅析

生物质作为一种可再生的洁净能源,其气化技术得到大力发展。本文对生物质气化的基本原理及气化工艺类型进行了简要介绍,同时阐述了主要气化炉类型的工作原理及优缺点,如固定床原料适应性广,但难以大型化,流化床气化效率高但结构复杂;并对气化炉的特性进行浅析,对生物质气化工程的设计及运行具有指导意义。     

德士古气化炉内煤气化过程的数值研究

采用涡量－流函数法，并引入数性势函数对德士古气化炉炉内两相流动，传热、燃烧及气化过程进行了数值研究，计算提供详细的气化炉内速度、温度、浓度分布，计算结果合理，与实验结果定量相符，说明所采用的模型和算法是可行的，计算结果为深入研究气化过程及其机理提供了依据。     

固定床气化炉烧废木料运行特性的试验研究

根据生物质气化原理,设计了上吸式中间排气固定床气化炉,并用废木料对其进行实验,研究原料特性,空气量与生产能力的关系,并分析了燃气成分、热值,及炉内温度分布的数据.证明上吸式中间排气固定床气化炉的可行性.     

固定床秸秆气化技术的探讨

1气化机组的特点及存在的问题　　固定床秸秆气化机组主要由两部分组成,一是气化炉(主要指下吸式气化炉),进行秸秆的气化反应;二是净化设备,即对秸秆煤气进行冷却,并脱除煤气中焦油、灰分、硫化氢等物质。　　由于下吸式气化炉气化煤气经过灰渣层,所以煤气灰分较多,但焦油含量较其它类型炉的低。灰分与焦油凝固在一起,常常堵塞输气管道和净化设备。由于下吸式气化炉采用固定炉排,所以气化炉气化能力低,限制了气化站的供气规模。　　另外,气化炉在开炉时,排放大量含有焦油、一氧化碳的气体,造成严重的环境污染;在停炉时,还会…     

60kW两段式秸秆气化炉运行特性

研究了上海交通大学热能研究所研制的60kW两段式秸秆气化炉的运行特性.以秸秆为原料在该气化炉上实验,考察原料量、空气过量系数对气化炉生产能力和碳转化率以及气化效率的影响,并分析了气化气成分及热值.数据表明该气化炉各项参数均优于一般固定床气化炉:原料消耗量为100kg/h,ER=0.35时,秸秆气化气平均热值为6599.6010/m~3,产气率为1.88m~3/kg,碳转化率为91.3%,气化效率为84.6%.     

不同形式的循环流化床生物质气化炉

循环流化床生物质气化炉相比固定床生物质气化炉有许多优点,更适用于工业化生产,目前在生物质气化领域应用的循环流化床主要有外循环流化床,内循环流化床和双流化床。介绍了这几种循环流化床气化设备的典型结构和研究进展,并对其各类循环流化床气化装置的特点做出了分析和讨论。     

Exergy analysis of updraft and downdraft fixed bed gasification of village-level solid waste

The most commonly used for gasification of village-level solid waste is the fixed-bed gasifier, but there is no reasonable method to evaluate the gasification process. This paper attempts to find a gasifier that is most suitable for gasification of village-level solid wastes through exergy analysis method. Based on experimental data from literature, the exergy efficiencies and LHV(Low Heat Value) of product gas from updraft and downdraft fixed bed gasifier are studied in this paper. The results show that the updraft fixed bed gasifier has higher exergy efficiency, and the gas produced by the downdraft fixed bed gasifier has a higher heating value. Air gasification has higher exergy efficiency than steam gasification and pure oxygen gasification. The highest exergy efficiency at a gasification temperature of about 1000 °C and ER (Equivalence Ratio) value in the range of 0.33–0.36. The volatile content of gasification raw materials is higher, and the gasification efficiency is higher. Through the research of this paper, a new path to reasonably evaluate the gasification process is obtained.     

生物质气化工艺及装置研究进展

文章分析了生物质气化技术的发展现状，介绍了几种典型的生物质气化工艺及装置，比较了固定床、流化床等气化装置的优缺点，并分析了现有气化工艺存在的问题以及生物质热解气化技术的发展前景。     

Bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed systems around the world - Bed agglomeration and collapse: A comprehensive review

Thermochemical conversion by gasification process is one of the most relevant technologies for energy recovery from solid fuel, with an energy conversion efficiency better than other alternatives like combustion and pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the most common technology used in the last decades for thermochemical conversion of solid fuel through gasification process, such as coal, agriculture residues or biomass residues are the fluidized bed or bubbling fluidized bed system. For these gasification technologies, an inert bed material is fed into reactor to improve the homogenization of the particles mixture and increase the heat transfer between solid fuel particles and the bed material. The fluidized bed reactors usually operate at isothermal bed temperatures in the range of 700–1000 °C, providing a suitable contact between solid and gas phases. In this way, chemical reactions with high conversion yield, as well as an intense circulation and mixing of the solid particles are encouraged. Moreover, a high gasification temperature favours carbon conversion efficiency, increasing the syngas production and energy performance of the gasifier. However, the risk of eutectic mixtures formation and its subsequent melting process are increased, and hence the probability of bed agglomeration and the system collapse could be increased, mainly when alkali and alkaline earth metals-rich biomasses are considered. Generally, bed agglomeration occurs when biomass-derived ash reacts with bed material, and the lower melting temperature of ash components promotes the formation of highly viscous layers, which encourages the progressive agglomerates creation, and consequently, the bed collapse and system de-fluidization. Taking into account the relevance of this topic to ensure the normal gasification process operating, this paper provides several aspects about bed agglomeration, mostly for biomass gasification systems. In this way, chemistry and mechanism of bed agglomeration, as well as, some methods for in-situ detection and prediction of the bed agglomeration phenomenon are reviewed and discussed.     

Thermodynamic comparison of the FICFB and Viking gasification concepts

Two biomass gasification concepts, i.e. indirectly heated, fast internally circulating fluidised bed (FICFB) gasification with steam as gasifying agent and two-stage, directly heated, fixed bed Viking gasification are compared with respect to their performance as gas generators. Based on adjusted equilibrium equations, the gas composition and the energy requirements for gasification are accurately modelled. Overall energy balances are assessed by an energy integration with the heat cascade concept and considering energy recovery in a steam Rankine cycle. A detailed inventory of energy and exergy losses of the different process sections is presented and potential process improvements due to a better utility choice or feed pretreatment like drying or pyrolysis are discussed. While Viking gasification performs better as an isolated gas generator than state-of-the-art FICFB gasification, there is large potential for improvement of the FICFB system. Furthermore, a concluding analysis of the gasification systems in an integrated plant for synthetic natural gas production shows that FICFB gasification is more suitable overall due to a more advantageous energy conversion related to the producer gas composition.     

复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置研究

综合分析上吸式固定床及下吸式固定床生物质气化装置各自特点,提出复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置,建立生物质原料处理量为600 kg/h的中试规模试验装置并开展研究。研究结果表明:复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置具有结构简单、气化效率高、热效率高、碳转化率高、原料适用性广等优点,极大程度提高了燃气清洁程度,对于生物质气化、发电、供热、化石燃料替代等领域的工业化应用起到了极大的推动作用。     

生物质发电气化过程的机理建模分析

生物质气化发电的关键技术是生物质气化技术,目前国内外对生物质气化发电技术的研究,还缺乏通用的气化模型和方法来模拟气化过程的特性,不能准确地确定生物质燃气的组分和热值等参数,难以提供气化发电系统的可靠数据.最常用的气化过程建模方法是建立机理模型,文章在重点分析了气化过程机理的基础上,把气化模型划分为平衡模型和动态模型两大类,并比较了各模型的优缺点.     

煤气化联合循环发电工艺评价

介绍了煤气化联合循环发电的工作原理,以及气流床、流化床、固定床三种煤气化工艺的比较,分析了IGCC工艺操作条件对系统效率的影响,及对煤气化联合循环发电工艺的评价。     

2MW加压喷动流化床煤部分气化特性的研究

在热输入2MW的中试规模加压喷动流化床部分气化试验装置上，采用徐州煤烟进行了连续12h的加压部分气化试验研究，研究了在深床条件下煤部分气化特性，以及汽煤比的变化对部分气化的影响。研究结果表明：在合适的喷动风和流化风配比下，可实现深床气化，使气化反应基本达到化学平衡；在其它条件不变的前提下，汽煤比增加，气化炉温度下降，煤气中H2含量有较大幅度的提高，煤气热值也有所增加。文章的最后将试验的主要指标与国内外类似规模装置上获得的数据进行了比较。图6表5参10     

Process simulation and techno-economic assessment of SER steam gasification for hydrogen production

In the SER (sorption enhanced reforming) gasification process a nitrogen-free, high calorific product gas can be produced. In addition, due to low gasification temperatures of 600–750 °C and the use of limestone as bed material, in-situ CO₂ capture is possible, leading to a hydrogen-rich and carbon-lean product gas. In this paper, results from a bubbling fluidised bed gasification model are compared to results of process demonstration tests in a 200 kW_th pilot plant.Based upon that, a concept for the hydrogen production via biomass SER gasification is studied in terms of efficiency and feasibility. Capital and operational expenditures as well as hydrogen production costs are calculated in a techno-economic assessment study. Furthermore, market framework conditions are discussed under which an economic hydrogen production via SER gasification is possible.